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Title |
| Date March 1, 2007 |
Report No. RS22529 |
Title
Order Code RS22529 Updated March 1, 2007 The NATO Summit at Riga, 2006 Paul Gallis Specialist in European Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary NATO leaders held a summit in Riga, Latvia, November 28-29, 2006. There were no major new initiatives. The allies concentrated their discussion on operations, above all in Afghanistan, capabilities, and partnerships. They also ...
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| Date March 1, 2007 |
Report No. RS22369 |
Title
Order Code RS22369 Updated March 1, 2007 TANF, Child Care, Marriage Promotion, and Responsible Fatherhood Provisions in the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-171) Gene Falk Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Summary The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA, P.L. 109-171) includes a scaled-back version of welfare reauthorization. More extensive versions were ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2007 |
Report No. RL33354 |
Title
Order Code RL33354 The Promoting Safe and Stable Families Program: Reauthorization in the 109th Congress Updated February 28, 2007 Emilie Stoltzfus Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division The Promoting Safe and Stable Families Program: Reauthorization in the 109th Congress Summary The Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006 was enacted on September 25, 2006 (P.L. ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2007 |
Report No. RL33409 |
Title
Order Code RL33409 Veterans Medical Care: FY2007 Appropriations Updated February 28, 2007 Sidath Viranga Panangala Analyst in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Veterans Medical Care: FY2007 Appropriations Summary The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides benefits to veterans who meet certain eligibility rules. Benefits to veterans range from disability compensation and ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2007 |
Report No. RL33894 |
Title
Order Code RL33894 Election Reform: Issues and Legislative Proposals in the 109th Congress Updated February 28, 2007 Eric A. Fischer Senior Specialist in Science and Technology Resources, Science, and Industry Division Kevin J. Coleman Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Election Reform: Issues and Legislative Proposals in the 109th Congress Summary Despite the ...
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| Date Feb. 28, 2007 |
Report No. RL33024 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Private immigration bills warrant careful consideration with regard to precedent since they are a special form of relief allowing the circumvention of the public laws concerning immigration and nationality in uniquely meritorious cases. This report will give an overview of the congressional subcommittee procedure and precedents concerning private ...
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| Date Feb. 27, 2007 |
Report No. RL33763 |
Title
Order Code RL33763 Oil and Gas Tax Subsidies: Current Status and Analysis Updated February 27, 2007 Salvatore Lazzari Specialist in Public Finance Resources, Science, and Industry Division Oil and Gas Tax Subsidies: Current Status and Analysis Summary The CLEAN Energy Act of 2007 (H.R. 6) was introduced by the House Democratic leadership to revise certain tax and royalty policies for oil and ...
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| Date Feb. 27, 2007 |
Report No. RS22381 |
Title
Order Code RS22381 Updated February 27, 2007 National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Overview, FY2007 Budget in Brief, and Key Issues for Congress Daniel Morgan and Carl E. Behrens Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducts U.S. civilian space and aeronautics activities. Its regular FY2006 appropriation was $16.623 ...
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| Date Feb. 23, 2007 |
Report No. RS20235 |
Title
Order Code RS20235 Updated February 23, 2007 Farm and Food Support Under USDA s Section 32 Program Geoffrey S. Becker Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary Section 32 is a permanent appropriation that since 1935 has earmarked the equivalent of 30% of annual customs receipts to support the farm sector through a variety of activities. Today, most of this ...
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| Date Feb. 23, 2007 |
Report No. RS22612 |
Title
Order Code RS22612 February 23, 2007 U.S.-World Merchandise Trade Data: 1948-2006 J. Michael Donnelly Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Summary U.S. merchandise trade is trade in goods only, not services. In 2006, U.S. exports, imports, and trade deficit reached their highest historical values: U.S. exports were $1.0 trillion, a 14.5% increase; U.S. imports were $1.9 ...
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| Date Feb. 23, 2007 |
Report No. RS22414 |
Title
Order Code RS22414 Updated February 23, 2007 The Columbia River Basin s Fish Passage Center Nic Lane Analyst in Environment and Resources Management Resources, Science, and Industry Division Adam Vann Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary The Fish Passage Center (FPC) provides technical assistance and information to fish and wildlife agencies and tribes on the passage of juvenile and ...
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| Date Feb. 22, 2007 |
Report No. RL33889 |
Title
Order Code RL33889 U.S. Attorneys Who Have Served Less than Full Four-year Terms, 1981-2006 February 22, 2007 Kevin M. Scott Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division U.S. Attorneys Who Have Served Less than Full Fouryear Terms, 1981-2006 Summary United States attorneys, who prosecute violations of federal law and defend the federal government in civil suits, are ...
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| Date Feb. 22, 2007 |
Report No. RL33535 |
Title
Order Code RL33535 Mercury Emissions from Electric Power Plants: States Are Setting Stricter Limits Updated February 22, 2007 James E. McCarthy Specialist in Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Mercury Emissions from Electric Power Plants: States Are Setting Stricter Limits Summary In March 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the first ...
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| Date Feb. 22, 2007 |
Report No. RL33721 |
Title
Order Code RL33721 The Foreign Service and a New Worldwide Compensation System Updated February 22, 2007 Kennon H. Nakamura Foreign Affairs Analyst Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division The Foreign Service and a New Worldwide Compensation System Summary At a time when increasing numbers of Foreign Service personnel are going to posts of greater hardship and danger, an 18.5% pay differential ...
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| Date Feb. 22, 2007 |
Report No. RS22610 |
Title
Order Code RS22610 February 22, 2007 Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA): Using Prior Juvenile Adjudications for Sentence Enhancements Alison M. Smith Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary With recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions regarding the role of judges and juries in making factual determinations upon which sentences are made, there has been increased congressional interest in ...
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| Date Feb. 20, 2007 |
Report No. RL33145 |
Title
Order Code RL33145 Pandemic Influenza: Domestic Preparedness Efforts Updated February 20, 2007 Sarah A. Lister Specialist in Public Health and Epidemiology Domestic Social Policy Division Pandemic Influenza: Domestic Preparedness Efforts Summary In 1997, a new avian influenza ( flu ) virus emerged in Asia and jumped directly from birds to humans, killing six people. The virus has since spread to ...
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| Date Feb. 20, 2007 |
Report No. RL33893 |
Title
Order Code RL33893 Gifts and Ethics Rules: Side-by-Side Comparison of Provisions of S. 1 and H.Res. 6, 110th Congress February 20, 2007 Jack Maskell Legislative Attorney American Law Division Gifts and Ethics Rules: Side-by-Side Comparison of Provisions of S. 1 and H.Res. 6, 110th Congress Summary The following chart presents, in summary fashion, a side-by-side comparison of the provisions in S. 1 ...
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| Date Feb. 15, 2007 |
Report No. RL30465 |
Title
Order Code RL30465 The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: An Overview of the Statutory Framework and U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review Decisions Updated February 15, 2007 Elizabeth B. Bazan Legislative Attorney American Law Division The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: An Overview of the Statutory Framework and U.S. ...
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| Date Feb. 15, 2007 |
Report No. RL33881 |
Title
Order Code RL33881 Child Support Provisions Considered But Not Enacted During the 2002-2005 Welfare Reauthorization Debate February 15, 2007 Carmen Solomon-Fears Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Child Support Provisions Considered But Not Enacted During the 2002-2005 Welfare Reauthorization Debate Summary The Child Support Enforcement (CSE) program, Part D of Title ...
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| Date Feb. 15, 2007 |
Report No. RS22606 |
Title
Order Code RS22606 February 15, 2007 Mergers and Acquisitions: Primer on Economic Considerations in the FTC and DOJ Horizontal Merger Approval Process Edward Vincent Murphy Analyst in Financial Institutions Government and Finance Division Summary The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and Department of Justice (DOJ) jointly enforce antitrust laws that cover mergers and acquisitions of large companies. ...
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| Date Feb. 15, 2007 |
Report No. 94-261 |
Title
Order Code 94-261 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Intelligence Spending: Public Disclosure Issues Updated February 15, 2007 Richard A. Best Jr. Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Elizabeth B. Bazan Legislative Attorney American Law Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Intelligence Spending: Public Disclosure ...
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| Date Feb. 13, 2007 |
Report No. RL33873 |
Title
Order Code RL33873 Sharing Law Enforcement and Intelligence Information: The Congressional Role February 13, 2007 Richard A. Best Jr. Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Sharing Law Enforcement and Intelligence Information: the Congressional Role Summary Almost all assessments of the attacks of September 11, 2001, have concluded that U.S. intelligence and ...
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| Date Feb. 13, 2007 |
Report No. RS21589 |
Title
Order Code RS21589 Updated February 13, 2007 India: Chronology of Recent Events K. Alan Kronstadt Specialist in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary This report provides a reverse chronology of recent events involving India and India-U.S. relations. Sources include, but are not limited to, major newswires, the U.S. Department of State, and Indian news outlets. For a ...
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| Date Feb. 12, 2007 |
Report No. RL30566 |
Title
Order Code RL30566 South Korea-U.S. Economic Relations Updated February 12, 2007 Mark E. Manyin Analyst in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division South Korea-U.S. Economic Relations Summary South Korea is a major economic partner for the United States. In 2006, trade between the two countries surpassed $75 billion, making South Korea the United States s seventh-largest trading ...
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| Date Feb. 9, 2007 |
Report No. RL33128 |
Title
Order Code RL33128 Senior Executive Service (SES) Pay for Performance System Updated February 9, 2007 L. Elaine Halchin Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Senior Executive Service (SES) Pay for Performance System Summary A new pay system for the Senior Executive Service (SES) was established in 2004 by Section 1125 of the FY2004 National Defense Authorization ...
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| Date Feb. 9, 2007 |
Report No. RS22603 |
Title
Order Code RS22603 February 9, 2007 Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program: Status and Current Issues Megan Stubbs Presidential Management Fellow Resources, Science, and Industry Division Jeffrey Zinn Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary The Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP) is a voluntary program that provides technical and financial ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2007 |
Report No. RL33870 |
Title
Order Code RL33870 The Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act: Reauthorization and Appropriations February 8, 2007 Edith Fairman Cooper Analyst in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division The Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act: Reauthorization and Appropriations Summary The No Child Left Behind Act (P.L. 107-110) amended and reauthorized through FY2007 the Safe and ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2007 |
Report No. RS22599 |
Title
Order Code RS22599 February 7, 2007 Mootness: An Explanation of the Justiciability Doctrine Brian T. Yeh Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary A case pending before a federal court may at some point in the litigation process lose an element of justiciability and become moot. Mootness may occur when a controversy initially existing at the time the lawsuit was filed is no longer live ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2007 |
Report No. RS20931 |
Title
Order Code RS20931 Updated February 5, 2007 Laos: Background and U.S. Relations Thomas Lum Specialist in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary For several years, U.S.-Laos relations were dominated by the debate over whether to grant normal trade relations status to Laos. On November 19, 2004, Congress approved legislation that granted nondiscriminatory treatment to the ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2007 |
Report No. RL33858 |
Title
Order Code RL33858 The Department of Homeland Security s Risk Assessment Methodology: Evolution, Issues, and Options for Congress February 2, 2007 Todd Masse Specialist in Domestic Intelligence and Counterterrorism Domestic Social Policy Division Siobhan O Neil Analyst in Domestic Security and Intelligence Domestic Social Policy Division John Rollins Specialist in Terrorism and International Crime ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2007 |
Report No. RS22593 |
Title
Order Code RS22593 February 2, 2007 Rules and Practices Governing the Selection of House Officers Mildred Amer Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary House procedures to elect an officer during a Congress differ from those followed at the start of a Congress. A resolution to elect a replacement officer to fill a vacancy during a Congress is privileged ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2007 |
Report No. RS22594 |
Title
Order Code RS22594 February 2, 2007 Check Cashers and Banker s Discontinuance of Services Pauline Smale and Walter W. Eubanks Economic Analyst and Specialist in Economic Policy Government and Finance Division Summary A check cashing enterprise is a fee-based business that will cash a customer s check without requiring an account relationship. The U.S. check cashing industry underwent a significant ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2007 |
Report No. RL33860 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Recommittal motions can take one of two forms: a simple (or straight ) motion to recommit or a motion to recommit with instructions. Bills and conference reports can be recommitted, but the motion to recommit does not have the same effect on measures at both stages of the legislative process. A simple motion to recommit a bill gives the minority ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2007 |
Report No. RS21729 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress This report, originally authored by CRS Information Specialist Barbara Torreon, provides information on the international boundaries that the United States shares with Canada and Mexico. Included are data on land and water boundaries for the northern Canadian border and the southern Mexican border, as well as the international boundaries for the ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2007 |
Report No. RL32594 |
Title
Order Code RL32594 Public Safety Communications Policy Updated January 31, 2007 Linda K. Moore Analyst in Telecommunications Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Public Safety Communications Policy Summary Since September 11, 2001, the effectiveness of America s communications capabilities in support of the information needs of first responders and other public safety workers has been ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2007 |
Report No. RL33850 |
Title
Order Code RL33850 The House s Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule in the 110th Congress: A Brief Overview January 31, 2007 Robert Keith Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division The House s Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule in the 110th Congress: A Brief Overview Summary On January 5, 2007, the House of Representatives adopted H.Res. 6, a measure setting forth its rules for the ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2007 |
Report No. RS22591 |
Title
Order Code RS22591 January 31, 2007 Islamist Extremism in Bangladesh Bruce Vaughn Specialist in Southeast and South Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Summary There is concern among observers that the secular underpinnings of moderate Bangladesh are being undermined by a culture of political violence and the rise of Islamist extremists. A further deterioration of Bangladesh s ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2007 |
Report No. 98-909 |
Title
Order Code 98-909 Updated January 31, 2007 The Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Program: Background and Funding Susan Boren Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Summary The major federal source of support for education of gifted students is the program authorized under the Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act of 2001. The Javits Act ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2007 |
Report No. RL31498 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Social Security reform has been a perennial item on the congressional agenda. While Social Security originated as a Depression-era program aimed at alleviating the economic circumstances of the elderly, social insurance also corrects market failures in the annuity market (adverse selection), prevents free-riders (requires workers to provide for ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RL32807 |
Title
Order Code RL32807 SCHIP Financing: Funding Projections and State Redistribution Issues Updated January 30, 2007 Chris L. Peterson Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division SCHIP Financing: Funding Projections and State Redistribution Issues Summary The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA 97, P.L. 105-33) created the State Children s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), which has ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RL33852 |
Title
Order Code RL33852 Ethics, Lobbying, and Related Procedural Reforms Proposed in S. 1, 110th Congress January 30, 2007 Jack Maskell, Coordinator Legislative Attorney American Law Division R. Eric Petersen, Bill Heniff Jr., and Sandy Streeter Analysts in American National Government Government and Finance Division Todd B. Tatelman Legislative Attorney American Law Division Ethics, Lobbying, and ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RL33838 |
Title
Order Code RL33838 Emergency Communications: Policy Options at a Crossroads January 30, 2007 Linda K. Moore Analyst in Telecommunications and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Emergency Communications: Policy Options at a Crossroads Summary Wireless communications capacity and capability provide essential support to emergency workers. First responders, state, local, ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RL33854 |
Title
Order Code RL33854 Selected International Depreciation Rates by Asset and Country January 30, 2007 Brent W. Mast Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Selected International Depreciation Rates by Asset and Country Summary The depreciation provisions in the U.S. tax system are of recurring interest to Congress. More than 100 bills were introduced in the 109th Congress that ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RS22112 |
Title
Order Code RS22112 Updated January 30, 2007 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Director of National Intelligence: Statutory Authorities Richard A. Best Jr., Alfred Cumming, and Todd Masse Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade and Domestic Social Policy Summary In passing the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458) in late 2004, Congress approved the ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RS22587 |
Title
Order Code RS22587 January 30, 2007 Improper Payments Information Act of 2002: A Brief Introduction Virginia A. McMurtry Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Garrett Hatch Analyst in Government Organization and Management Government and Finance Division Summary The intent of the Improper Payments Information Act (IPIA) is to improve accountability in ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RL30877 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress This report addresses the differences among the tax-exempt organizations described in Internal Revenue Code subsections 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), 501(c)(6), and section 527 charitable organizations, social welfare organizations, labor unions, trade associations, and political organizations, respectively. Each type of organization has a unique ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RS22139 |
Title
Order Code RS22139 Updated January 30, 2007 Social Security: Summary of Program Solvency and Projections Gary Sidor Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Summary On May 1, 2006, the Social Security Board of Trustees released its annual report to Congress on the status of the Social Security trust funds. The Social Security trust funds, under the latest forecast, continue to face ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RS20649 |
Title
Order Code RS20649 Updated January 30, 2007 U.S. Military Dispositions: Fact Sheet Edward F. Bruner Specialist in Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division The United States maintains a global military presence to support foreign policy and military strategy. Representation ranges from one Marine in Sierra Leone to an Army Corps in Germany, and is found in 144 nations. In some ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2007 |
Report No. RL33698 |
Title
Order Code RL33698 Reauthorization of the Federal Aviation Administration: Background and Issues for Congress Updated January 29, 2007 Bart Elias, Coordinator Specialist in Aviation Safety, Security, and Technology Resources, Science, and Industry Division John W. Fischer, Robert S. Kirk, James E. McCarthy and Brent D. Yacobucci Resources, Science, and Industry Division Jon O. Shimabukuro and Todd ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2007 |
Report No. RL33840 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The Social Security system is currently generating surplus tax revenues. However, under the intermediate assumptions of the Social Security Board of Trustees, the trust funds are estimated to be depleted in 2040, at which point 74% of benefits would be payable with incoming receipts. The primary reason is demographics: between 2010 and 2030, the ...
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