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| Date May 3, 2007 |
Report No. 98-544 |
Title
Order Code 98-544 GOV Updated May 3, 2007 Subcommittees in the House of Representatives Judy Schneider Specialist on the Congress Government and Finance Division Subcommittees are entities created by full committees to assist them in managing their work. Pursuant to Rule XI, clause 1(a)(A), The Rules of the House are the rules of its committees and subcommittees so far as applicable.... According ...
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| Date May 3, 2007 |
Report No. 98-544GOV |
Title
Order Code 98-544 GOV Updated May 3, 2007 Subcommittees in the House of Representatives Judy Schneider Specialist on the Congress Government and Finance Division Subcommittees are entities created by full committees to assist them in managing their work. Pursuant to Rule XI, clause 1(a)(A), The Rules of the House are the rules of its committees and subcommittees so far as applicable.... According ...
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| Date May 2, 2007 |
Report No. RL33346 |
Title
Order Code RL33346 Energy and Water Development: FY2007 Appropriations Updated May 2, 2007 Carl E. Behrens, Coordinator, David M. Bearden, Nicole T. Carter, Betsy Cody, Mark Holt, Marc Humphries, Nic Lane, Daniel Morgan, and Fred Sissine Resources, Science, and Industry Division Jonathan Medalia Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Carol Glover Knowledge Services Group The annual ...
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| Date May 2, 2007 |
Report No. RL33849 |
Title
Order Code RL33849 Climate Change: Science and Policy Implications Updated May 2, 2007 Jane A. Leggett Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Climate Change: Science and Policy Implications Summary Almost all scientists agree that the Earth s climate is changing, having warmed by 0.6 to 0.9o Celsius (1.1 to 1.6o Fahrenheit) since the Industrial ...
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| Date May 2, 2007 |
Report No. RL33475 |
Title
Order Code RL33475 Dairy Policy Issues Updated May 2, 2007 Ralph M. Chite Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Dairy Policy Issues Summary Two federal programs that support the price and income received by dairy farmers are expiring in 2007 the dairy price support program and the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) program. The reauthorization of these and other ...
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| Date May 1, 2007 |
Report No. RL33703 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress On July 28, 2006, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 4, the Pension Protection Act, by a vote of 279-131. The bill was passed by the Senate on August 3 by a vote of 93-5 and was signed into law by the President as P.L. 109-280 on August 17, 2006. The Pension Protection Act is the most comprehensive reform of the nation s pension laws since the ...
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| Date May 1, 2007 |
Report No. 98-511 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Consideration of a concurrent budget resolution is governed by special procedures in the House and Senate. Although the procedures of each chamber differ, they serve generally to expedite consideration of the budget resolution. For more information on the budget process, see http://www.crs.gov/products/guides/guidehome.shtml. Initial Consideration ...
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| Date May 1, 2007 |
Report No. 98-512 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (Titles I-IX of P.L. 93-344, 88 Stat. 297-332) established the concurrent budget resolution as the centerpiece of the congressional budget process. The annual budget resolution is an agreement between the House and Senate on a budget plan for the upcoming fiscal year and at least the following four fiscal years. ...
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| Date April 30, 2007 |
Report No. RL33011 |
Title
Order Code RL33011 Terrorist Screening and Brady Background Checks for Firearms Updated April 30, 2007 William J. Krouse Specialist in Domestic Security Domestic Social Policy Division Terrorist Screening and Brady Background Checks for Firearms Summary Historically, terrorist watch list checks were not part of the firearms background check process implemented pursuant to the Brady Handgun ...
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| Date April 27, 2007 |
Report No. RL32370 |
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Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Responsibility for overseeing reconstruction in post-conflict Iraq initially fell to the Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA). Established in early 2003, ORHA was headed by Lieutenant General Jay M. Garner, U.S. Army (ret.). By June 2003, ORHA had been replaced, or subsumed, by the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), which ...
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| Date April 26, 2007 |
Report No. RL33697 |
Title
Order Code RL33697 Potential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the WTO Updated April 26, 2007 Randy Schnepf and Jasper Womach Specialists in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Potential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the WTO Summary Prior to its expiration on January 1, 2004, the World Trade Organization s (WTO s) Peace Clause (Article 13 of the Agreement on ...
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| Date April 26, 2007 |
Report No. RS21920 |
Title
Order Code RS21920 Updated April 26, 2007 Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues Dana A. Shea and Daniel Morgan Analysts in Science and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, known as the 9/11 Commission, recommended that Congress and ...
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| Date April 25, 2007 |
Report No. RL31903 |
Title
Order Code RL31903 Relicensing of Nonfederal Hydroelectric Projects: Background and Procedural Reform Issues Updated April 25, 2007 Nic Lane Analyst in Environment and Resources Management Resources, Science, and Industry Division Relicensing of Nonfederal Hydroelectric Projects: Background and Procedural Reform Issues Summary Hydroelectric facilities produce approximately 7% of all electricity ...
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| Date April 25, 2007 |
Report No. RL33384 |
Title
Order Code RL33384 Cable Television: Background and Overview of Rates and Other Issues for Congress Updated April 25, 2007 Julie Jennings Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Cable Television: Background and Overview of Rates and Other Issues for Congress Summary Cable television is one of the oldest and most popular distribution technologies used to deliver video programming ...
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| Date April 25, 2007 |
Report No. RS22651 |
Title
Order Code RS22651 April 25, 2007 Financial Services Regulatory Relief: Implementation and Reintroduced Provisions in the 110th Congress Walter W. Eubanks Specialist in Economic Policy Government and Finance Division Summary Federal financial services regulatory agencies are implementing the Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act of 2006, P.L. 109-351 (120 Stat. 1966), as the 110th Congress ...
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| Date April 25, 2007 |
Report No. RL32015 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress This report covers the history of the two Senate policy committees and explains their structure, operation, and functions. Created in 1947, the Senate Republican and Democratic Policy Committees are party leadership structures. Each is an analytical arm of its respective party leadership. Their fundamental missions are to achieve policy integration ...
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| Date April 24, 2007 |
Report No. RS20746 |
Title
Order Code RS20746 Updated April 24, 2007 Export Tax Benefits and the WTO: The Extraterritorial Income Exclusion and Foreign Sales Corporations David L. Brumbaugh Specialist in Public Finance Government and Finance Division Summary The U.S. tax code s Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC) provisions provided a tax benefit for U.S. exporters. However, the European Union (EU) in 1997 charged that the ...
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| Date April 24, 2007 |
Report No. RS22650 |
Title
Order Code RS22650 April 24, 2007 The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and the Federal Budget William Joseph Klunk Actuary Domestic Social Policy Summary The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a wholly owned government corporation that insures private-sector defined benefit pension plans. The PBGC receives no appropriations, but some of its operational cash flows are included in ...
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| Date April 24, 2007 |
Report No. RS22648 |
Title
Order Code RS22648 April 24, 2007 Required Healthcare Contributions, Fair Share Legislation, and RILA v. Fielder Jon O. Shimabukuro Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary In RILA v. Fielder, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed the decision of a federal district court that found Maryland s Fair Share Health Care Fund Act ( Fair Share Act ) to be preempted by the ...
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| Date April 24, 2007 |
Report No. RL33368 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a grants and civil rights statute that authorizes federal funding to the states to help provide special education and related services for children with disabilities. One of the most intricate issues of the IDEA statute is the provision of equitable educational services for children with ...
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| Date April 24, 2007 |
Report No. RS21104 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress In late 2000, the Federal Reserve and the Treasury proposed to increase banking powers. They proposed allowing banking companies to engage in real estate brokerage and management, as activities that are financial in nature. The substantiative issues are the respective nature of banking and of real estate activities and the potential impact on ...
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| Date April 23, 2007 |
Report No. RL33777 |
Title
Order Code RL33777 Privatization and the Federal Government: An Introduction Updated April 23, 2007 Kevin R. Kosar Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Privatization and the Federal Government: An Introduction Summary During the past two decades, the privatization of federal agencies and activities has been much debated. That said, privatization here defined as ...
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| Date April 23, 2007 |
Report No. RS22652 |
Title
Order Code RS22652 April 23, 2007 China s Anti-Satellite Weapon Test Shirley Kan Specialist in National Security Policy Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary On January 11, 2007, the People s Republic of China (PRC) conducted its first successful direct-ascent anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons test in destroying one of its own satellites in space. The test raised international concerns ...
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| Date April 23, 2007 |
Report No. RS20606 |
Title
Order Code RS20606 Updated April 23, 2007 Tax Credit Bonds: A Brief Explanation Steven Maguire Analyst in Public Finance Government and Finance Division Summary This report explains the tax credit mechanism and describes the market for qualified zone academy bonds (QZABs), clean renewable energy bonds (CREBs), and gulf tax credit bonds (GTCBs). QZABs, which were the first tax credit bonds, were ...
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| Date April 20, 2007 |
Report No. RL30004 |
Title
Order Code RL30004 North Korean Provocative Actions, 1950 - 2007 Updated April 20, 2007 Hannah Fischer Information Research Knowledge Services Group North Korean Provocative Actions, 1950 - 2007 Summary This selective list of events provides information on instances of North Korean provocative actions between June 1950 and 2007. The purpose of this report is to place current provocations in the ...
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| Date April 20, 2007 |
Report No. RL33580 |
Title
Order Code RL33580 Campaign Finance: An Overview Updated April 20, 2007 Joseph E. Cantor Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Campaign Finance: An Overview Summary Concerns over financing federal elections have become a seemingly perennial aspect of our political system, long centered on the enduring issues of high campaign costs and reliance on interest ...
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| Date April 20, 2007 |
Report No. RL33972 |
Title
Order Code RL33972 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Senate Committee Rules in the 110th Congress: A Comparison of Key Provisions April 20, 2007 Betsy Palmer Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Senate Committee Rules in the 110th Congress: A Comparison of Key Provisions Summary Senate Rule ...
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| Date April 20, 2007 |
Report No. RS22485 |
Title
Order Code RS22485 Updated April 20, 2007 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Watters v. Wachovia Bank, N.A. M. Maureen Murphy Legislative Attorney American Law Division1 Summary In Watters v. Wachovia Bank,2 the Supreme Court, in a 5-3 decision, ruled that Michigan mortgage lending requirements do not apply to a state-chartered operating subsidiary of a national bank. The ...
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| Date April 20, 2007 |
Report No. RS22508 |
Title
Order Code RS22508 Updated April 20, 2007 Spending and Receipts in FY2006, by Time Period Philip D. Winters Analyst in Government Finance Government and Finance Division Summary The federal government collected $2.407 trillion and spent $2.655 trillion in FY2006. These dollar amounts are so large compared to the amounts that most policy makers and citizens encounter in their daily lives that the ...
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| Date April 19, 2007 |
Report No. RL33782 |
Title
Order Code RL33782 Federal Drug Price Negotiation: Implications for Medicare Part D Updated April 19, 2007 Jim Hahn Health Economist Domestic Social Policy Division Federal Drug Price Negotiation: Implications for Medicare Part D Summary The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA) established a prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries under Part D, which ...
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| Date April 19, 2007 |
Report No. RL33983 |
Title
Order Code RL33983 Nicaragua: The Election of Daniel Ortega and Issues in U.S. Relations April 19, 2007 Maureen Taft-Morales Specialist in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Nicaragua: The Election of Daniel Ortega and Issues in U.S. Relations Summary Sandinista leader and former President Daniel Ortega was inaugurated to a fiveyear term as President on January 10, ...
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| Date April 18, 2007 |
Report No. RL33073 |
Title
Order Code RL33073 Debt Relief for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries: Issues for Congress Updated April 18, 2006 Martin A. Weiss Analyst in International Trade and Finance Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Debt Relief for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries: Issues for Congress Summary In recent decades, the rapid growth in poor country debt has emerged as a key foreign policy concern. Many ...
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| Date April 18, 2007 |
Report No. RS21846 |
Title
Order Code RS21846 Updated April 18, 2007 U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement Martin A. Weiss Analyst in International Trade and Finance Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary U.S. Trade Representative Robert B. Zoellick signed the U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on September 14, 2004. The implementing legislation was passed by the House on December 7, 2005, and passed by the ...
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| Date April 18, 2007 |
Report No. RS21467 |
Title
Order Code RS21467 Updated April 18, 2007 Consumer Rental-Purchase (Rent-To-Own) Agreements Pauline Smale Economic Analyst Government and Finance Division Summary A rent-to-own arrangement provides an alternative to purchasing merchandise. In a rent-to-own transaction (also known as a rental-purchase) the consumer agrees to a self-renewing weekly or monthly lease to rent a merchandise item. The ...
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| Date April 17, 2007 |
Report No. RL33859 |
Title
Order Code RL33859 Fiscal Year 2007 Homeland Security Grant Program, H.R. 1, and S. 4: Description and Analysis Updated April 17, 2007 Shawn Reese Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Steven Maguire Analyst in Public Finance Government and Finance Division Fiscal Year 2007 Homeland Security Grant Program, H.R. 1, and S. 4: Description and Analysis Summary On ...
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| Date April 17, 2007 |
Report No. RL31056 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The Federal Reserve System (Fed) is charged with responsibility for making U.S. monetary policy. Quasi-public in structure, overseen by a Board of Governors whose members are appointed to serve long terms, and reliant on its own source of funding, the Fed possesses a degree of independence that some argue is inimical to the spirit of democracy. ...
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| Date April 17, 2007 |
Report No. RS22393 |
Title
Order Code RS22393 Updated April 17, 2007 State and Urban Area Homeland Security Plans and Exercises: Issues for the 110th Congress Shawn Reese Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary As the 110th Congress begins to address state and urban area homeland security matters, it might opt to review activities funded with federal homeland security assistance to ...
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| Date April 17, 2007 |
Report No. RS22646 |
Title
Order Code RS22646 April 17, 2007 Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act: A Sketch Charles Doyle Senior Specialist American Law Division Summary The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act, P.L. 109-248 (H.R. 4472), serves four purposes. It reformulates the federal standards for sex offender registration in state, territorial and tribal sexual offender registries, and does so in a manner ...
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| Date April 17, 2007 |
Report No. RS21986 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress T he Federal Reserve (Fed), the nation s central bank, was established in 1913 by the Federal Reserve Act (38 Stat. 251). Today, its primary duty is the execution of monetary policy through open market operations. Open market operations are carried out through the purchase and sale of U.S. Treasury securities in the secondary market in order to ...
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| Date April 16, 2007 |
Report No. RL32238 |
Title
Order Code RL32238 Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress Updated April 16, 2007 Ronald O Rourke Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress Summary The Bush Administration identified transformation as a major goal for the Department of Defense (DOD) soon after taking ...
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| Date April 16, 2007 |
Report No. RL33297 |
Title
Order Code RL33297 Military Base Closures and Affected Defense Department Civil Service Employees Updated April 16, 2007 Clinton T. Brass and Barbara L. Schwemle Analysts in American National Government Government and Finance Division Jon O. Shimabukuro Legislative Attorney American Law Division Military Base Closures and Affected Defense Department Civil Service Employees Summary As a step in the ...
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| Date April 16, 2007 |
Report No. RL33966 |
Title
Order Code RL33966 Juvenile Justice: Rights During the Adjudicatory Process April 16, 2007 Alison M. Smith Legislative Attorney American Law Division Juvenile Justice: Rights During the Adjudicatory Process Summary As more attention is being focused on juvenile offenders, some question whether the justice system is dealing with this population appropriately. Since the late 1960s, the juvenile ...
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| Date April 16, 2007 |
Report No. RS22616 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Pursuant to House Rule X, clause 6, the House Administration Committee reports an omnibus, biennial primary expense resolution to cover the expenses of each standing and select committee (except the Appropriations Committee). The resolution is based in part on committee requests for funds to cover necessary expenses for the two years of a Congress. ...
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| Date April 13, 2007 |
Report No. RS21125 |
Title
Order Code RS21125 Updated April 13, 2007 Homeland Security: Coast Guard Operations Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O Rourke Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary The Coast Guard is the lead federal agency for maritime homeland security. For FY2008, the Coast Guard is requesting a total of about $4.5 billion, or a bit more than half its total ...
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| Date April 13, 2007 |
Report No. RL33815 |
Title
Order Code RL33815 The Corporation for National and Community Service: Overview of Programs and FY2007 Funding Updated April 13, 2007 Ann Lordeman Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Abigail B. Rudman Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group The Corporation for National and Community Service: Overview of Programs and FY2007 Funding Summary The ...
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| Date April 13, 2007 |
Report No. RL33802 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) (P.L. 108-173) addressed seniors rising out-of-pocket costs of prescription drugs by providing a mechanism for beneficiaries to obtain affordable prescription drug insurance coverage. The Medicare prescription drug benefit, otherwise known as Part D, was designed to ...
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| Date April 12, 2007 |
Report No. 98-170 |
Title
Order Code 98-170 GOV Speechwriting in Perspective: A Brief Guide to Effective and Persuasive Communication Updated April 12, 2007 Thomas H. Neale Government and Finance Division Dana Ely Knowledge Services Group Speechwriting in Perspective: A Brief Guide to Effective and Persuasive Communication Summary The frequent delivery of public remarks by Senators and Representatives is an important ...
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| Date April 12, 2007 |
Report No. RL33158 |
Title
Order Code RL33158 Federal White-Collar Pay: FY2006 and FY2007 Salary Adjustments Updated April 12, 2007 Barbara L. Schwemle Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Federal White-Collar Pay: FY2006 and FY2007 Salary Adjustments Summary Federal white-collar employees are intended by law to receive an annual pay adjustment and a locality-based comparability payment, ...
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| Date April 12, 2007 |
Report No. RS21294 |
Title
Order Code RS21294 Updated April 12, 2007 Unmanned Vehicles for U.S. Naval Forces: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O Rourke Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary Unmanned vehicles (UVs) are viewed as a key element of the effort to transform U.S. military forces. The Department of the Navy may eventually acquire every major kind of UV. Navy ...
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| Date April 12, 2007 |
Report No. RS20557 |
Title
Order Code RS20557 Updated April 12, 2007 Navy Network-Centric Warfare Concept: Key Programs and Issues for Congress Ronald O Rourke Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary Programs for implementing network-centric warfare (NCW) in the Navy include the Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC) and Naval Integrated Fire ControlCounter Air (NIFC-CA) systems, ...
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