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| Date Sept. 14, 2007 |
Report No. 98-246 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Voting to Report ........................................................................................................................ 1 How to Report a Measure ......................................................................................................... 1 Form in Which a Measure is ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2007 |
Report No. RS21144 |
Title
Order Code RS21144 Updated September 13, 2007 Tax Incentives for Charity: An Overview of Legislative Proposals Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy Government and Finance Division Summary This reports briefly discusses the development of proposals for tax incentives for charity embodied in H.R. 7 and S. 476 in the 108th Congress and S. 6 in the 109th; the revisions in the Pension ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2007 |
Report No. 98-245 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress S enate rules pertaining to amending measures on the floor apply generally to a Senate committee markup as well. Within the confines of Senate rules, some committees have adopted their own rules governing the consideration of amendments during a markup. However, Senate committee markups can proceed informally, in accordance with a committee s ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2007 |
Report No. 98-166 |
Title
Order Code 94-166 A Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law Updated September 10, 2007 Charles Doyle Senior Specialist American Law Division Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law Summary Crime is usually territorial. It is a matter of the law of the place where it occurs. Nevertheless, a surprising number of American criminal laws apply outside of the United States. ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2007 |
Report No. RL34039 |
Title
Order Code RL34039 Turkey s 2007 Elections: Crisis of Identity and Power Updated September 10, 2007 Carol Migdalovitz Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Turkey s 2007 Elections: Crisis of Identity and Power Summary The effort of Turkey s ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) to elect one of its own to be president of the Republic provoked a ...
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| Date Sept. 10, 2007 |
Report No. 98-244 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Chairman s Authority ................................................................................................................ 1 Subcommittee Consideration .................................................................................................... 1 Committee or Staff Drafts ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2007 |
Report No. RL33285 |
Title
Order Code RL33285 Tax Reform and Distributional Issues Updated September 7, 2007 Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy Government and Finance Division Tax Reform and Distributional Issues Summary Tax reform proposals may change the tax base as well as the rate structure. Both affect the distribution of the tax burden across individuals and across income classes. While relief for ...
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| Date Sept. 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL34030 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Replacing or supplementing the current preference system for admitting legal permanent residents (LPRs) with a point system is garnering considerable interest for the first time in over a decade. Briefly, point systems such as those of Australia, Canada, Great Britain, and New Zealand assign prospective immigrants with credits if they have specified ...
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| Date Aug. 31, 2007 |
Report No. RL34161 |
Title
Order Code RL34161 India-U.S. Economic and Trade Relations August 31, 2007 Michael F. Martin (Coordinator) Analyst in Asian Political Economy Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division K. Alan Kronstadt Specialist in South Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division India-U.S. Economic and Trade Relations Summary After decades of strained political relations, the U.S. and Indian ...
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| Date Aug. 31, 2007 |
Report No. RL34157 |
Title
Order Code RL34157 Caribbean-U.S. Relations: Issues in the 110th Congress August 31, 2007 Mark P. Sullivan Specialist in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Caribbean-U.S. Relations: Issues in the 110th Congress Summary With some 42 million people encompassing 16 independent countries and 13 overseas territories, the Caribbean is a diverse region that includes some ...
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| Date Aug. 31, 2007 |
Report No. RL33962 |
Title
Order Code RL33962 Greenhouse Gas Reductions: California Action and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Updated August 31, 2007 Jonathan L. Ramseur Environmental Policy Analyst Resources, Science, and Industry Division Greenhouse Gas Reductions: California Action and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Summary In the absence of a federal program requiring greenhouse gas (GHG) emission ...
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| Date Aug. 31, 2007 |
Report No. RL34113 |
Title
Order Code RL34113 The House-Passed 2007 Farm Bill (H.R. 2419) at a Glance Updated August 31, 2007 Ren e Johnson, Coordinator, Geoffrey S. Becker, Ralph M. Chite, Tadlock Cowan, Ross W. Gorte, Charles E. Hanrahan, Remy Jurenas, Jim Monke, Jean M. Rawson, Randy Schnepf, Jasper Womach, and Jeffrey A. Zinn Resources, Science, and Industry Division Joe Richardson Domestic Social Policy Division The ...
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| Date Aug. 31, 2007 |
Report No. RL34153 |
Title
Order Code RL34153 Seat Belts on School Buses: Overview of the Issue August 31, 2007 David Randall Peterman Analyst in Transportation Resources, Science, and Industry Division Seat Belts on School Buses: Overview of the Issue Summary It is estimated that 25% of student trips to school 5.5 billion trips each year are made on school buses. Nationwide, an average of seven school bus passengers die ...
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| Date Aug. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RL33370 |
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Order Code RL33370 Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI) and Related Funding Programs: FY2007 Assistance Updated August 30, 2007 Connie Veillette Specialist in Foreign Assistance Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI) and Related Funding Programs: FY2007 Assistance Summary In February 2007, the 110th Congress finished consideration of FY2007 foreign ...
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| Date Aug. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RL34032 |
Title
Order Code RL34032 District of Columbia Budget Autonomy: An Analysis of H.R. 733, 110th Congress Updated August 30, 2007 Eugene Boyd Analyst in Federalism and Economic Development Policy Government and Finance Division Nonna A. Noto Specialist in Public Finance Government and Finance Division District of Columbia Budget Autonomy: An Analysis of H.R. 733, 110th Congress Summary The District of ...
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| Date Aug. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RL34149 |
Title
Order Code RL34149 House Rules Changes Affecting the Congressional Budget Process Made at the Beginning of the 110th Congress August 30, 2007 Bill Heniff Jr. Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division House Rules Changes Affecting the Congressional Budget Process Made at the Beginning of the 110th Congress Summary On January 5, 2007, the House agreed to H.Res. 6, ...
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| Date Aug. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RL34156 |
Title
Order Code RL34156 A Nonrepudiating Patent Licensee s Right To Seek Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity or Noninfringement of the Licensed Patent: MedImmune v. Genentech August 30, 2007 Brian T. Yeh Legislative Attorney American Law Division A Nonrepudiating Patent Licensee s Right To Seek Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity or Noninfringement of the Licensed Patent: MedImmune v. Genentech Summary ...
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| Date Aug. 30, 2007 |
Report No. RS21967 |
Title
Order Code RS21967 Updated August 30, 2007 Land Exchanges: Bureau of Land Management Process and Issues Carol Hardy Vincent Specialist in Natural Resources Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) typically completes dozens of exchanges a year to acquire and dispose of land. The land exchange process generally has five phases: development of an exchange ...
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| Date Aug. 30, 2007 |
Report No. 98-243 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Scheduling and Notification...................................................................................................... 1 Documentation .......................................................................................................................... 2 Administrative ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2007 |
Report No. RL33372 |
Title
Order Code RL33372 Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Workers: Protective Statutes Updated August 29, 2007 William G. Whittaker Specialist in Labor Economics Domestic Social Policy Division Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Workers: Protective Statutes Summary Workers in agriculture, generally, have experienced a different pattern of labormanagement relations and labor standards from those in the ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2007 |
Report No. RL34148 |
Title
Order Code RL34148 Congress and the Internet: Highlights August 29, 2007 Walter J. Oleszek Senior Specialist Government and Finance Division Congress and the Internet: Highlights Summary The relationship between Congress and the Internet is complex and multifaceted. Today, scores of technology measures are introduced in the House and Senate, influencing the work of nearly all congressional ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2007 |
Report No. RL33864 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Trade promotion authority (TPA), formerly known as fast-track authority, is scheduled to expire July 1, 2007. With it will expire the authority: (a) that Congress grants the President to enter into certain trade agreements, and (b) for Congress to consider the agreements implementing legislation under expedited procedures. Currently, the ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2007 |
Report No. RS22605 |
Title
Order Code RS22605 Updated August 29, 2007 FY2008 Budget Documents: Internet Access and GPO Availability Jennifer Teefy Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Summary Every year, the President submits to Congress a series of volumes that provide the text of the President s proposed budget for the coming fiscal year. By law, the proposal is due by the first Monday in February. ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2007 |
Report No. RS22714 |
Title
Order Code RS22714 August 29, 2007 U.S. Postal Service Workforce Size and Employment Categories, 1986-2006 Kevin R. Kosar Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary This report provides data from the past two decades on the size of the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) workforce, the number of persons employed by USPS by employment categories, and the number of ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2007 |
Report No. RL32757 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress This is one in a series of papers that explore issues of our aging society. This report examines how unemployment has a different impact on the older worker. As workers age, negative but previously temporary events such as unemployment may push otherwise firmly entrenched workers out of the labor force. Older workers are less likely than others to ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2007 |
Report No. RL32088 |
Title
Order Code RL32088 The Fair Labor Standards Act: A Historical Sketch of the Overtime Pay Requirements of Section 13(a)(1) Updated August 28, 2007 William G. Whittaker Specialist in Labor Economics Domestic Social Policy Division The Fair Labor Standards Act: A Historical Sketch of the Overtime Pay Requirements of Section 13(a)(1) Summary Section 13(a)(1) of the Fair Labor Standards Act permits ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2007 |
Report No. RL34151 |
Title
Order Code RL34151 Private Fee for Service (PFFS) Plans: How They Differ from Other Medicare Advantage Plans August 28, 2007 Paulette C. Morgan, Hinda Chaikind, and Holly Stockdale Domestic Social Policy Division Private Fee for Service (PFFS) Plans: How They Differ from Other Medicare Advantage Plans Summary The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA, P.L. 105-33) established the Medicare+Choice ...
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| Date Aug. 27, 2007 |
Report No. RL30674 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Under Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), persons with various physical or mental disabilities (or persons who have vision impairment or are blind) can be employed at rates below the otherwise applicable federal minimum wage. Under certificates issued by the Secretary of Labor, their wages are set at a level commensurate with their ...
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| Date Aug. 27, 2007 |
Report No. RL32666 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Technological improvements and investment commitments from the world s largest oil companies suggest the gas to liquids (GTL) industry is likely to expand rapidly over the next decade. GTL uses large quantities of natural gas to produce liquid petroleum products like diesel fuel and home heating fuel. The GTL industry might become an important ...
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| Date Aug. 24, 2007 |
Report No. RL34142 |
Title
Order Code RL34142 Estate and Gift Tax Revenues: Past and Projected August 24, 2007 Nonna A. Noto Specialist in Public Finance Government and Finance Division Estate and Gift Tax Revenues: Past and Projected Summary Large increases in the prevailing estate tax exemption from $675,000 to $1.5 million led the number of taxable estate tax returns to fall by half between 2002 and 2005, from about 45, ...
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| Date Aug. 24, 2007 |
Report No. RS20531 |
Title
Order Code RS20531 Updated August 24, 2007 Noise Abatement and Control: The Federal Role David M. Bearden Specialist in Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary Community perceptions of increasing exposure to noise from a wide array of sources have raised questions about the role of the federal government in regulating noise, and the adequacy of existing standards. ...
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| Date Aug. 23, 2007 |
Report No. RS22574 |
Title
Order Code RS22574 Updated August 23, 2007 Immigration Reform: Brief Synthesis of Issue Ruth Ellen Wasem Specialist in Immigration Policy Domestic Social Policy Division Summary U.S. immigration policy is a highly contentious issue in the 110th Congress. The number of foreign-born people residing in the United States is at the highest level in U.S. history and has reached a proportion of the U.S. ...
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| Date Aug. 23, 2007 |
Report No. RL33282 |
Title
Order Code RL33282 The Budget for Fiscal Year 2007 Updated August 23, 2007 Philip D. Winters Analyst in Government Finance Government and Finance Division The Budget for Fiscal Year 2007 Summary The Administration s Mid-Session Review (for fiscal year (FY) 2008, July 2007) provided updated budget estimates for FY2007. Higher than previously expected receipts reduced the estimated deficit for ...
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| Date Aug. 23, 2007 |
Report No. RL30498 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The economic prosperity of the 1990s fueled a drive to increase the levels of employment-based immigration. Both the Congress and the Federal Reserve Board then expressed concern that a scarcity of labor could curtail the pace of economic growth. A primary response was to increase the supply of foreign temporary professional workers through FY2003. ...
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| Date Aug. 23, 2007 |
Report No. RS21851 |
Title
Order Code RS21851 Updated August 23, 2007 Privacy Protection: Mandating New Arrangements to Implement and Assess Federal Privacy Policy and Practice Harold C. Relyea Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary When Congress enacted the Privacy Act of 1974, it established a temporary national study commission to conduct a comprehensive assessment of privacy ...
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| Date Aug. 22, 2007 |
Report No. RS22710 |
Title
Order Code RS22710 August 22, 2007 Congressional Franking Privilege: An Overview Matthew E. Glassman Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary The congressional franking privilege, which dates from 1775, allows Members to send official mail to their constituents at government expense. Congress, through legislative branch appropriations, reimburses the U.S. ...
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| Date Aug. 22, 2007 |
Report No. RS22533 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Near the end of the 109th Congress, some Members raised questions about the closing of several libraries of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), expressing concerns about the continued availability of their collections. Library professional associations and public interest groups raised similar questions about access to this information. EPA ...
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| Date Aug. 21, 2007 |
Report No. RL34137 |
Title
Order Code RL34137 The Role of National Oil Companies in the International Oil Market August 21, 2007 Robert Pirog Specialist in Energy Economics and Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division The Role of National Oil Companies in the International Oil Market Summary In the United States, the term big oil companies is likely to be taken to mean the major private international oil companies, ...
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| Date Aug. 20, 2007 |
Report No. RS20942 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress By indexing various benefits and transfer payments to the consumer price index (CPI), policymakers intended that the real value, or purchasing power, of those payments not be eroded by increases in the general level of prices. Although such indexing provisions may compensate for changing economic conditions over time, there is no allowance for ...
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| Date Aug. 17, 2007 |
Report No. RL33132 |
Title
Order Code RL33132 Budget Reconciliation Legislation in 2005-2006 Under the FY2006 Budget Resolution Updated August 17, 2007 Robert Keith Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Budget Reconciliation Legislation in 2005-2006 Under the FY2006 Budget Resolution Summary The FY2006 budget resolution (H.Con.Res. 95), which was agreed to by the House and Senate on ...
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| Date Aug. 17, 2007 |
Report No. RL33648 |
Title
Order Code RL33648 Critical Infrastructure: The National Asset Database Updated August 17, 2007 John D. Moteff Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Critical Infrastructure: The National Asset Database Summary The Office of Infrastructure Protection (OIP) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has been developing and maintaining a National ...
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| Date Aug. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RL33159 |
Title
Order Code RL33159 Influenza Antiviral Drugs and Patent Law Issues Updated August 16, 2007 Brian T. Yeh Legislative Attorney American Law Division Influenza Antiviral Drugs and Patent Law Issues Summary The potential for a worldwide influenza pandemic caused by bird flu has generated public interest in the availability and affordability of influenza antiviral medications such as the prescription ...
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| Date Aug. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RL33982 |
Title
Order Code RL33982 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE): A Comparison of Selected Legislation in the 110th Congress Updated August 16, 2007 Brent D. Yacobucci Specialist in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Robert Bamberger Specialist in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE): A Comparison of Selected Legislation in the ...
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| Date Aug. 16, 2007 |
Report No. RL33668 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Members of Congress have immunity for their legislative acts under Article I, 6, cl. 1, of the Constitution, which provides in part that for any speech or debate in either House, [Senators and Representatives] shall not be questioned in any other place. Even if their actions are within the scope of the Speech or Debate Clause or some other legal ...
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| Date Aug. 14, 2007 |
Report No. RL34122 |
Title
Order Code RL34122 H.R. 3162: Provisions in the Children s Health and Medicare Protection Act of 2007 Updated August 14, 2007 Richard Rimkunas, Coordinator Health Insurance and Financing Team Domestic Social Policy Division H.R. 3162: Provisions in the Children s Health and Medicare Protection Act of 2007 Summary On August 1, 2007, the House passed H.R. 3162, the Children s Health and Medicare ...
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| Date Aug. 14, 2007 |
Report No. RL34107 |
Title
Order Code RL34107 CRS Report for Congress S. 1893lH.R. 976: The Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 Updated August 14,2007 Evelyne Baumrucker, Bernadette Fernandez, April Grady, Elicia Herz, Chris Peterson, and Richard Rimkunas Domestic Social Policy Division Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Congressional Research Service S. 1893lH.R. 976: The Children's ...
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| Date Aug. 13, 2007 |
Report No. 98-869 |
Title
Order Code 98-869 Marine Dead Zones: Understanding the Problem Updated August 13, 2007 Eugene H. Buck Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Marine Dead Zones: Understanding the Problem Summary An adequate level of dissolved oxygen is necessary to support most forms of aquatic life. While very low levels of dissolved oxygen (hypoxia) can be natural, ...
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| Date Aug. 10, 2007 |
Report No. RL33420 |
Title
Order Code RL33420 Foreign Operations (House)/State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (Senate): FY2007 Appropriations Updated August 10, 2007 Connie Veillette Specialist in Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Susan B. Epstein Specialist in Foreign Policy and Trade Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Larry Nowels Specialist in Foreign Affairs Foreign ...
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| Date Aug. 10, 2007 |
Report No. RS22664 |
Title
Order Code RS22664 Updated August 10, 2007 U.S. Food and Agricultural Imports: Safeguards and Selected Issues Geoffrey S. Becker Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary U.S. food and agricultural imports have increased significantly in recent years, leading to concerns about whether current federal programs sufficiently ensure their safety. Import alerts ...
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| Date Aug. 10, 2007 |
Report No. RS22695 |
Title
Order Code RS22695 Updated August 10, 2007 Possible Expiration of the 2002 Farm Bill Jasper Womach Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary Will an extension of current law be needed if Congress does not enact a new farm bill before September 30, 2007? Commodity provisions of the 2002 farm bill apply to crops harvested in 2007, and farmers entitled to ...
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