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| Date June 7, 2007 |
Report No. RL32275 |
Title
Order Code RL32275 Small Business Tax Preferences: Significant Legislative Proposals in the 110th Congress Updated June 7, 2007 Gary Guenther Analyst in Business Taxation and Finance Government and Finance Division Small Business Tax Preferences: Significant Legislative Proposals in the 110th Congress Summary Some policy issues seem fixed on Congress s legislative agenda. One such issue is the ...
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| Date June 6, 2007 |
Report No. RL33496 |
Title
Order Code RL33496 Access to Broadband Networks Updated June 6, 2007 Charles B. Goldfarb Specialist in Industrial Organization and Telecommunications Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Access to Broadband Networks Summary Debate has begun about what statutory and regulatory framework is most likely to foster innovation and investment both in physical broadband networks and in the ...
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| Date June 6, 2007 |
Report No. RL31204 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Congress is generally interested in promoting a stable and prosperous world economy. Stable currency exchange rate regimes are a key component to stable economic growth. This report explains the difference between fixed exchange rates, floating exchange rates, and currency boards/unions, and outlines the advantages and disadvantages of each. ...
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| Date June 6, 2007 |
Report No. RL31955 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Keeping an economy growing over the long run at rates sufficient to provide full employment for labor and capital with low inflation or a stable price level has been an important goal for economic policy. Money and monetary policy have figured importantly in achieving this goal. Currently, it is argued, central bank independence is important to ...
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| Date June 5, 2007 |
Report No. RL30685 |
Title
Order Code RL30685 Military Airlift: C-17 Aircraft Program Updated June 5, 2007 Christopher Bolkcom Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Military Airlift: C-17 Aircraft Program Summary The C-17 Globemaster III is a long-range cargo/transport aircraft operated by the U.S. Air Force since 1993. Congress approved development of the aircraft in the late 1970s, ...
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| Date June 5, 2007 |
Report No. RL34034 |
Title
Order Code RL34034 Former Presidents: Federal Expenditures for Pensions, Office Allowances, and Protection June 5, 2007 Stephanie Smith Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Former Presidents: Federal Expenditures for Pensions, Office Allowances, and Protection Summary Chief executives leaving office prior to 1958 entered retirement pursuing various occupations ...
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| Date June 5, 2007 |
Report No. RL33767 |
Title
Order Code RL33767 CBS Broadcasting v. EchoStar: The Satellite Home Viewer Act and Satellite Retransmission of Distant Network Signals Updated June 5, 2007 Daniel Schuman Legislative Attorney American Law Division CBS Broadcasting v. EchoStar: The Satellite Home Viewer Act and Satellite Retransmission of Distant Network Signals Summary On May 23, 2006, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals ordered ...
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| Date June 5, 2007 |
Report No. RS22672 |
Title
Order Code RS22672 June 5, 2007 Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB): Quarantine and Isolation Kathleen S. Swendiman and Nancy Lee Jones Legislative Attorneys American Law Division Summary The recent international saga of a traveler with XDR-TB, a drug-resistant form of tuberculosis, has placed a spotlight on existing mechanisms to contain contagious disease threats and raised numerous ...
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| Date June 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL33551 |
Title
Order Code RL33551 Transportation, the Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, the Executive Office of the President, and Independent Agencies (TTHUD): FY2007 Appropriations Updated June 4, 2007 David Randall Peterman and John Frittelli Coordinators Resources, Science, and Industry Division Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process ...
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| Date June 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL34015 |
Title
Order Code RL34015 Congressional Budget Actions in 2007 Updated June 4, 2007 Bill Heniff Jr. Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Congressional Budget Actions in 2007 Summary During the first session of the 110th Congress, the House and Senate will consider many different budgetary measures. Most measures will pertain to FY2008 (which will begin on October 1, ...
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| Date June 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL33601 |
Title
Order Code RL33601 U.S. Military Space: Status of Selected Programs Updated June 4, 2007 Patricia Moloney Figliola Specialist in Telecommunications and Internet Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division U.S. Military Space: Status of Selected Programs Summary The 1958 National Aeronautics and Space Act specified that military space activities be conducted by the Department of Defense (DOD). ...
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| Date June 1, 2007 |
Report No. RL34008 |
Title
Order Code RL34008 Lobbying Reform Legislation: Side-by-Side Analysis of Lobbying Provisions in S. 1 and H.R. 2316, 110th Congress Updated June 1, 2007 Jack Maskell Legislative Attorney American Law Division Lobbying Reform Legislation: Side-by-Side Analysis of Lobbying Provisions in S. 1 and H.R. 2316, 110th Congress Summary This report is intended to provide a quick reference chart and short ...
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| Date June 1, 2007 |
Report No. RL32400 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Prescription drugs often cost far more in the United States than in other countries. Some consumers have attempted to import medications from abroad in order to realize cost savings. The practice of importing prescription drugs outside the distribution channels established by the brand-name drug company is commonly termed parallel importation. ...
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| Date June 1, 2007 |
Report No. RS20569 |
Title
Order Code RS20569 Updated June 1, 2007 Water Resource Issues in the 110th Congress Betsy A. Cody Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division H. Steven Hughes Analyst in Environmental and Natural Resources Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary Water resources management often involves trade-offs among user groups, environmental interests, and ...
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| Date June 1, 2007 |
Report No. RS22522 |
Title
Order Code RS22522 Updated June 1, 2007 Potential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the WTO: A Brief Overview Randy Schnepf and Jasper Womach Specialists in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary This report examines U.S. commodity subsidy programs against an emerging set of criteria that test their potential vulnerability to challenge in the World Trade ...
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| Date June 1, 2007 |
Report No. RL34005 |
Title
Order Code RL34005 Energy Savings Act of 2007 (S. 1321): Summary of Major Provisions Updated June 1, 2007 Fred Sissine, Brent D. Yacobucci, and Peter Folger Specialists in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Energy Savings Act of 2007 (S. 1321): Summary of Major Provisions Summary The Energy Savings Act (S. 1321) puts forth a broad range of proposals on biofuels, energy ...
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| Date June 1, 2007 |
Report No. RS22386 |
Title
Order Code RS22386 Updated June 1, 2007 Environmental Protection Agency: FY2007 Appropriations Highlights David M. Bearden and Robert Esworthy Resources, Science, and Industry Division During its first session, the 110th Congress completed action on FY2007 appropriations for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with the enactment of the Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution for FY2007 ...
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| Date May 31, 2007 |
Report No. RL33766 |
Title
Order Code RL33766 Military Base Closures and Realignment: Status of the 2005 Implementation Plan Updated May 31, 2007 Kristine E. Blackwell National Defense Fellow Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Military Base Closures and Realignment: Status of the 2005 Implementation Plan Summary As part of the implementation for the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) round, the Department of ...
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| Date May 31, 2007 |
Report No. RS22669 |
Title
Order Code RS22669 May 31, 2007 The Obviousness Standard in Patent Law: KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. Brian T. Yeh Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary The Patent Act provides protection for processes, machines, manufactures, and compositions of matter that are useful, novel, and nonobvious. Of these three statutory requirements, the nonobviousness of an invention is often ...
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| Date May 31, 2007 |
Report No. RS22670 |
Title
Order Code RS22670 May 31, 2007 Exporting Software and the Extraterritorial Reach of U.S. Patent Law: Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp. Brian T. Yeh Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary Generally speaking, United States patent law does not have extraterritorial effect. The exception, however, is 271(f) of the Patent Act, which makes it an act of patent infringement to manufacture within ...
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| Date May 30, 2007 |
Report No. RL34029 |
Title
Order Code RL34029 Haiti s Development Needs and a Statistical Overview of Conditions of Poverty May 30, 2007 Maureen Taft-Morales Specialist in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Demond Alexander Drummer Research Associate Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Haiti s Development Needs and a Statistical Overview of Conditions of Poverty Summary Haiti s ...
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| Date May 29, 2007 |
Report No. RL33798 |
Title
Order Code RL33798 Lobbying Disclosure: Themes and Issues, 110th Congress Updated May 29, 2007 R. Eric Petersen Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Lobbying Disclosure: Themes and Issues, 110th Congress Summary Recent incidents concerning a convicted lobbyist and the provision of privately funded travel, free meals and entertainment by lobbyists to Members of ...
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| Date May 25, 2007 |
Report No. RL34019 |
Title
Order Code RL34019 Eliminating the Planting Restrictions on Fruits and Vegetables in the Farm Commodity Programs May 25, 2007 Ren e Johnson and Jim Monke Analysts in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Eliminating the Planting Restrictions on Fruit and Vegetables in the Farm Commodity Programs Summary Owners of cropland with a history of growing program crops receive ...
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| Date May 25, 2007 |
Report No. RS22667 |
Title
Order Code RS22667 May 25, 2007 The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Supreme Court Holds that Parents May Bring Suit Pro Se Nancy Lee Jones Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary In Winkelman v. Parma City School District, the Supreme Court examined the issue of whether the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) permits parents who are not attorneys to bring ...
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| Date May 24, 2007 |
Report No. RL34014 |
Title
Order Code RL34014 Terrorist Precursor Crimes: Issues and Options for Congress May 24, 2007 Siobhan O Neil Analyst in Domestic Security and Intelligence Domestic Social Policy Division Terrorist Precursor Crimes: Issues and Options for Congress Summary Terrorist groups, regardless of ideological ilk, geographical location, or organizational structure, have certain basic needs in common: funding, ...
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| Date May 22, 2007 |
Report No. RL33344 |
Title
Order Code RL33344 The Department of Housing and Urban Development: FY2007 Budget Updated May 22, 2007 Maggie McCarty, Libby Perl, and Bruce E. Foote Domestic Social Policy Division Eugene Boyd Government and Finance Division Meredith Peterson Knowledge Services Group The Department of Housing and Urban Development: FY2007 Budget Summary On February 6, 2006, the President submitted his FY2007 ...
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| Date May 21, 2007 |
Report No. RL34010 |
Title
Order Code RL34010 WTO Compliance Status of the Conservation Security Program (CSP) and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) May 21, 2007 Randy Schnepf Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division WTO Compliance Status of the Conservation Security Program (CSP) and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Summary Under the auspices of the Uruguay Round s Agreement on ...
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| Date May 19, 2007 |
Report No. RL32199 |
Title
Order Code RL32199 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, or Mad Cow Disease ): Current and Proposed Safeguards Updated May 18, 2007 Sarah A. Lister Specialist in Public Health and Epidemiology Domestic Social Policy Division Geoffrey S. Becker Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, or Mad Cow Disease ): Current and ...
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| Date May 18, 2007 |
Report No. RL33629 |
Title
Order Code RL33629 BP Alaska North Slope Pipeline Shutdowns: Regulatory Policy Issues Updated May 15, 2007 Paul W. Parfomak Specialist in Science and Technology Resources, Science, and Industry Division BP Alaska North Slope Pipeline Shutdowns: Regulatory Policy Issues Summary On August 6, 2006, BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. (BP) announced the shutdown of the Prudhoe Bay area oil field on the ...
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| Date May 18, 2007 |
Report No. RS22127 |
Title
Order Code RS22127 Updated May 18, 2007 Securities Arbitration: Background and Questions of Fairness Gary Shorter Specialist in Business and Government Relations Government and Finance Division Summary When an investor has a dispute with a broker-dealer in which damages of a certain size or more are alleged, it may be mediated by a panel of securities industry and nonsecurities industry ...
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| Date May 17, 2007 |
Report No. RL34006 |
Title
Order Code RL34006 Social Security: The Chilean Approach to Retirement May 17, 2007 Christopher Tamborini Analyst in Social Security Domestic Social Policy Division Social Security: The Chilean Approach to Retirement Summary Over the past few years, there has been intense debate about Social Security reform in the United States. A number of options, ranging from changing the benefit formula to ...
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| Date May 17, 2007 |
Report No. RS22203 |
Title
Order Code RS22203 Updated May 17, 2007 Free Mail for Troops Overseas Kevin R. Kosar Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary Members of the Armed Forces on duty in designated combat areas can send personal correspondence, free of postage, to addresses in the United States. There has never been a comparable provision of free postage for letters or packages ...
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| Date May 16, 2007 |
Report No. RL33270 |
Title
Order Code RL33270 The Section 8 Housing Voucher Program: Reform Proposals in the 108th and 109th Congresses Updated May 16, 2007 Maggie McCarty Analyst in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division The Section 8 Housing Voucher Program: Reform Proposals in the 108th and 109th Congresses Summary The Bush Administration has proposed eliminating the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program ...
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| Date May 15, 2007 |
Report No. RL31370 |
Title
Order Code RL31370 State Department and Related Agencies: FY2006 and FY2007 Appropriations and FY2008 Request Updated May 15, 2007 Susan B. Epstein Specialist in Foreign Policy and Trade Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division State Department and Related Agencies: FY2006 and FY2007 Appropriations and FY2008 Request Summary State Department funding, formerly in the House Science, State, ...
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| Date May 15, 2007 |
Report No. RL33910 |
Title
Order Code RL33910 The Charter of the American National Red Cross: Current Issues and Proposed Changes Updated May 15, 2007 Kevin R. Kosar Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division The Charter of the American National Red Cross: Current Issues and Proposed Changes Summary On April 17, 2007, the House passed H.R. 1681, a bill to revise the charter of the American ...
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| Date May 14, 2007 |
Report No. RL34001 |
Title
Order Code RL34001 U.S. Furniture Manufacturing: Overview and Prospects May 14, 2007 Stephen Cooney Industry Specialist Resources, Science, and Industry Division U.S. Furniture Manufacturing: Overview and Prospects Summary In terms of output and sales, the domestic U.S. furniture manufacturing industry has been a large and growing industry since 1990. The gross output of furniture and related ...
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| Date May 14, 2007 |
Report No. RS22645 |
Title
Order Code RS22645 Updated May 14, 2007 U.S.-European Union Relations and the 2007 Summit Raymond Ahearn, Kristin Archick, and Paul Belkin Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary The U.S. Congress and successive U.S. administrations have supported the European Union (EU) and the process of European integration as ways to foster a stable Europe, democratic states, and strong trading ...
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| Date May 11, 2007 |
Report No. 98-610 |
Title
Order Code 98-610 GOV Updated May 11, 2007 House Subcommittees: Assignment Process Judy Schneider Specialist on the Congress Government and Finance Division Introduction House rules, Republican Conference and Democratic Caucus rules, and individual committee rules all address the subcommittee assignment process, although to varying degrees. Under House Rule X, clause 5(d), prohibits committees ...
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| Date May 11, 2007 |
Report No. 98-610GOV |
Title
Order Code 98-610 GOV Updated May 11, 2007 House Subcommittees: Assignment Process Judy Schneider Specialist on the Congress Government and Finance Division Introduction House rules, Republican Conference and Democratic Caucus rules, and individual committee rules all address the subcommittee assignment process, although to varying degrees. Under House Rule X, clause 5(d), prohibits committees ...
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| Date May 10, 2007 |
Report No. RL32739 |
Title
Order Code RL32739 Tsunamis: Monitoring, Detection, and Early Warning Systems Updated May 10, 2007 Wayne A. Morrissey Information Research Specialist (Science & Technology) Knowledge Services Group Tsunamis: Monitoring, Detection, and Early Warning Systems Summary Congress is concerned about the possible vulnerability of U.S. coastal areas to tsunamis and the adequacy of early warning for coastal ...
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| Date May 9, 2007 |
Report No. RL33470 |
Title
Order Code RL33470 Science, State, Justice, Commerce and Related Agencies (House)/ Commerce, Justice, Science and Related Agencies (Senate): FY2007 Appropriations Updated May 9, 2007 Susan B. Epstein, Coordinator Specialist in Foreign Policy and Trade Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division M. Angeles Villarreal, Coordinator Analyst in International Trade and Finance Foreign Affairs, Defense, ...
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| Date May 9, 2007 |
Report No. RS22040 |
Title
Order Code RS22040 Updated May 9, 2007 Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP): Status and Issues Jeffrey A. Zinn Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Carol Canada Technical Information Specialist Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) provides farmers with financial and technical ...
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| Date May 9, 2007 |
Report No. RS22659 |
Title
Order Code RS22659 May 9, 2007 International Reaction to the Palestinian Unity Government Paul Morro Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary The new Palestinian unity government established in March 2007 complicates U.S. policy toward the Palestinian Authority (PA) and the peace process. When Hamas took power last year, the Bush Administration, ...
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| Date May 9, 2007 |
Report No. RS21436 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Three graduate fellowship programs are currently available under the Higher Education Act (HEA) of 1965, as amended. They are the Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need Program, the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program, and the Thurgood Marshall Legal Educational Opportunity Program. The HEA is being considered for reauthorization in the 110th ...
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| Date May 9, 2007 |
Report No. RS21653 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE) supports projects to encourage innovative reform and expand education opportunities to underrepresented groups. This report describes the historical context leading to the establishment of the Fund for Improvement of Postsecondary Education, provisions governing the program, and the ...
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| Date May 7, 2007 |
Report No. RL33199 |
Title
Order Code RL33199 Data Security Breaches: Context and Incident Summaries Updated May 7, 2007 Rita Tehan Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Data Security Breaches: Context and Incident Summaries Summary Personal data security breaches are being reported with increasing regularity. Within the past few years, numerous examples of data such as Social Security, bank account, ...
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| Date May 7, 2007 |
Report No. RL33803 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The main body of this report is a series of tables and an Appendix that summarize and cite bill language that was intended to end or restrict U.S. military operations in Vietnam and Indochina, Somalia, and Kosovo. The report covers enacted provisions as well as those where there were roll call votes but the provision was not ultimately enacted. The ...
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| Date May 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL32261 |
Title
Order Code RL32261 DHS s Max-HR Personnel System: Regulations on Classification, Pay, and Performance Management Compared With Current Law, and Implementation Plans Updated May 4, 2007 Barbara L. Schwemle Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division DHS s Max-HR Personnel System: Regulations on Classification, Pay, and Performance Management Compared With Current Law, ...
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| Date May 3, 2007 |
Report No. RS22137 |
Title
Order Code RS22137 Updated May 3, 2007 Data Brokers: Background and Industry Overview Gina Marie Stevens Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary Disclosures of breaches of the customer databases of LexisNexis and ChoicePoint have raised interest in the business and regulation of data brokers, companies that collect personal information from public and private records and sell this ...
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| Date May 3, 2007 |
Report No. RL31949 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Dynamic revenue estimating, which accounts for macroeconomic feedback effects on revenue costs of tax changes, has become increasingly important. An analysis of these effects is now required before a tax bill can come to the House floor. The initial study of the President s budget proposals for 2003 by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) revealed ...
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