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| Date Jan. 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL33468 |
Title
Order Code RL33468 The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 109th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices Updated January 4, 2007 Eugene H. Buck and M. Lynne Corn Specialists in Natural Resources Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Pervaze A. Sheikh Analyst in Environmental and Natural Resources Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Robert Meltz Legislative ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL30590 |
Title
Order Code RL30590 Paperwork Reduction Act Reauthorization and Government Information Management Issues Updated January 4, 2007 Harold C. Relyea Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Paperwork Reduction Act Reauthorization and Government Information Management Issues Summary Replacing the ineffective Federal Reports Act of 1942, the Paperwork Reduction Act of ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2007 |
Report No. RL33778 |
Title
Order Code RL33778 Partial-Birth Abortion and the 2006 Term of the U.S. Supreme Court January 4, 2007 Jon O. Shimabukuro Legislative Attorney American Law Division Partial-Birth Abortion and the 2006 Term of the U.S. Supreme Court Summary The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act ( PBABA or the act ) was signed into law on November 5, 2003. Within two days of its enactment, the PBABA was enjoined by ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2007 |
Report No. RS21808 |
Title
Order Code RS21808 Updated January 4, 2007 Yemen: Current Conditions and U.S. Relations Alfred B. Prados and Jeremy M. Sharp Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary Yemen, the only republic on the Arabian Peninsula, is the poorest country in that area. A presidential election deemed relatively fair was held in 2006 with President Ali Abdullah Salih winning reelection with 77% of the ...
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| Date Jan. 3, 2007 |
Report No. RL33600 |
Title
Order Code RL33600 International Terrorism: Threat, Policy, and Response Updated January 3, 2007 Raphael F. Perl Specialist in International Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division International Terrorism: Threat, Policy, and Response Summary This report examines international terrorist actions, threats, U.S. policies and responses. It reviews the nation s use of tools at its disposal ...
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| Date Jan. 3, 2007 |
Report No. RL33037 |
Title
Order Code RL33037 Previewing a 2007 Farm Bill Updated January 3, 2007 Jasper Womach, Coordinator, Geoffrey S. Becker, Ralph M. Chite, Tadlock Cowan, Ross W. Gorte, Charles E. Hanrahan, Remy Jurenas, Jim Monke, Jean M. Rawson, Randy Schnepf, and Jeffrey A. Zinn Resources, Science, and Industry Division Joe Richardson Domestic Social Policy Division Previewing a 2007 Farm Bill Summary Federal farm ...
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| Date Jan. 3, 2007 |
Report No. RL33432 |
Title
Order Code RL33432 U.S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean: Background and Issues for Congress Updated January 3, 2007 David M. Bearden Analyst in Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division U.S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The U.S. Armed Forces disposed of chemical weapons in the ocean from World War I through ...
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| Date Jan. 3, 2007 |
Report No. RL32955 |
Title
Order Code RL32955 Climate Change Legislation in the 109th Congress Updated January 3, 2007 Brent D. Yacobucci Specialist in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Climate Change Legislation in the 109th Congress Summary Climate change and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were issues in the 109th Congress, as they had been in past Congresses. Bills directly addressing climate change ...
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| Date Jan. 3, 2007 |
Report No. RL33618 |
Title
Order Code RL33618 Postal Reform Updated January 3, 2007 Kevin R. Kosar Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Postal Reform Summary This report provides information on the postal reform initiative, which culminated in the enactment of P.L. 109-435, the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006. The report provides background information on postal reform, ...
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| Date Jan. 3, 2007 |
Report No. RS21988 |
Title
Order Code RS21988 Updated January 3, 2007 Radioactive Tank Waste from the Past Production of Nuclear Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress David M. Bearden and Anthony Andrews Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary How to safely dispose of wastes from producing nuclear weapons has been an ongoing issue. The most radioactive portion of these wastes is stored in underground tanks ...
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| Date Dec. 31, 2006 |
Report No. RL32804 |
Title
Order Code RL32804 China-U.S. Relations in the 109th Congress Updated December 31, 2006 Kerry Dumbaugh Specialist in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division China-U.S. Relations in the 109th Congress Summary U.S.-China relations, remarkably smooth from 2001-2004, became more problematic again in the 109th Congress. U.S. policy toward China appeared to be subject to competing ...
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| Date Dec. 30, 2006 |
Report No. RS21752 |
Title
Order Code RS21752 Updated December 30, 2006 Federal Budget Process Reform in the 110th Congress: A Brief Overview Robert Keith Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary In 2007, during the first session of the 110th Congress, the House and Senate face a wide array of budget process reform proposals, pertaining to such matters as adoption in the House, or ...
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| Date Dec. 29, 2006 |
Report No. RL33303 |
Title
Order Code RL33303 Sensitive But Unclassified Information and Other Controls: Policy and Options for Scientific and Technical Information Updated December 29, 2006 Genevieve J. Knezo Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Sensitive But Unclassified Information and Other Controls: Policy and Options for Scientific and Technical Information Summary ...
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| Date Dec. 29, 2006 |
Report No. RL33511 |
Title
Order Code RL33511 Federal Research and Development: Budgeting and Priority-Setting Issues, 109th Congress Updated December 29, 2006 Genevieve J. Knezo Specialist in Science and Technology Resources, Science, and Industry Division Federal Research and Development: Budgeting and Priority-Setting Issues, 109th Congress Summary This report summarizes current research and development (R&D) ...
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| Date Dec. 29, 2006 |
Report No. RS21270 |
Title
Order Code RS21270 Updated December 29, 2006 Homeland Security Research and Development Funding, Organization, and Oversight Genevieve J. Knezo Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary P.L. 107-296, the Homeland Security Act, consolidated some research and development (R&D) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). For FY2007, Congress ...
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| Date Dec. 29, 2006 |
Report No. RS22277 |
Title
Order Code RS22277 Updated December 29, 2006 Savings in Mandatory Outlays in Selected Reconciliation Acts Robert Keith Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary During the past 25 years, Congress has sent the President 21 measures under budget reconciliation procedures; 18 were signed into law and three were vetoed. In the 1980s and 1990s, such legislation ...
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| Date Dec. 28, 2006 |
Report No. RL33272 |
Title
Order Code RL33272 Medicaid and SCHIP: FY2007 Budget Issues Updated December 28, 2006 April Grady Analyst in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Jean Hearne and Elicia J. Herz Specialists in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Medicaid and SCHIP: FY2007 Budget Issues Summary Each year, the President is required to submit a comprehensive federal budget proposal to ...
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| Date Dec. 28, 2006 |
Report No. RL33291 |
Title
Order Code RL33291 Congressional Budget Actions in 2006 Updated December 28, 2006 Bill Heniff Jr. Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Congressional Budget Actions in 2006 Summary During the second session of the 109th Congress, the House and Senate will consider many different budgetary measures. Most of them will pertain to fiscal year (FY) 2007 and beyond, but ...
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| Date Dec. 28, 2006 |
Report No. RL31636 |
Title
Order Code RL31636 Wireless Privacy and Spam: Issues for Congress Updated December 28, 2006 Patricia Moloney Figliola Specialist Telecommunications and Internet Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Wireless Privacy and Spam: Issues for Congress Summary Wireless communications devices such as cell phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) are ubiquitous. Some consumers, already ...
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| Date Dec. 28, 2006 |
Report No. RS21993 |
Title
Order Code RS21993 Updated December 28, 2006 Spending Reconciliation Directives to the Senate Finance Committee in Congressional Budget Resolutions Robert Keith Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Bill Heniff Jr. Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary During the more than 30 years that the congressional budget process ...
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| Date Dec. 28, 2006 |
Report No. RS22098 |
Title
Order Code RS22098 Updated December 28, 2006 Deficit Impact of Reconciliation Legislation Enacted in 1990, 1993, 1997, and 2006 Robert Keith Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary During the past 25 years, Congress has sent the President 21 measures under budget reconciliation procedures; 18 were signed into law and three were vetoed. During the 1980s ...
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| Date Dec. 28, 2006 |
Report No. RS22100 |
Title
Order Code RS22100 Updated December 28, 2006 The Alternative Minimum Tax for Individuals: Legislative Initiatives in the 109th Congress Gregg A. Esenwein Specialist in Public Finance Government and Finance Division Summary The alternative minimum tax (AMT) for individuals was originally enacted to ensure that all taxpayers, especially high-income taxpayers, paid at least a minimum amount of ...
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| Date Dec. 27, 2006 |
Report No. RL31540 |
Title
Order Code RL31540 Second Chance Homes: Federal Funding, Programs, and Services Updated December 27, 2006 Edith Fairman Cooper Analyst in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Second Chance Homes: Federal Funding, Programs, and Services Summary Second chance homes for unwed teenage mothers are not a new concept in the nation. Before the mid-1880s, support for unwed teen mothers was ...
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| Date Dec. 27, 2006 |
Report No. RL33469 |
Title
Order Code RL33469 Children Exposed to Domestic Violence: Federal Assistance Programs Updated December 27, 2006 Edith Fairman Cooper Analyst in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Children Exposed to Domestic Violence: Federal Assistance Programs Summary Violence between domestic partners is not a new phenomenon. Children who witness such violence, however, have increasingly become ...
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| Date Dec. 26, 2006 |
Report No. RL33502 |
Title
Order Code RL33502 Protection of National Security Information Updated December 26, 2006 Jennifer K. Elsea Legislative Attorney American Law Division Protection of National Security Information Summary Recent cases involving alleged disclosures of classified information to the news media or others who are not entitled to receive it have renewed Congress s interest with regard to the possible need ...
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| Date Dec. 22, 2006 |
Report No. RL33561 |
Title
Order Code RL33561 U.S.-India Nuclear Cooperation: A Side-By-Side Comparison of Current Legislation Updated December 22, 2006 Sharon Squassoni Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Jill Marie Parillo Research Associate Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division U.S.-India Nuclear Cooperation: A Side-By-Side Comparison of Current Legislation Summary In March ...
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| Date Dec. 22, 2006 |
Report No. RL33292 |
Title
Order Code RL33292 India s Nuclear Separation Plan: Issues and Views Updated December 22, 2006 Sharon Squassoni Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division India s Nuclear Separation Plan: Issues and Views Summary On July 18, 2005, President Bush and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced the creation of a global partnership, which would include full civil ...
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| Date Dec. 22, 2006 |
Report No. RS22146 |
Title
Order Code RS22146 Updated December 22, 2006 Expanded Access to Financial Services Act Pauline Smale Economic Analyst Government and Finance Division Summary The Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-351) includes provisions that permit federally chartered credit unions to offer nonmember individuals access to a defined set of financial services and products. These provisions ...
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| Date Dec. 21, 2006 |
Report No. RL33332 |
Title
Order Code RL33332 USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005: A Legal Analysis Updated December 21, 2006 Brian T. Yeh Legislative Attorney American Law Division Charles Doyle Senior Specialist American Law Division USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005: A Legal Analysis Summary Several sections of the USA PATRIOT Act and one section of the Intelligence Reform and ...
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| Date Dec. 21, 2006 |
Report No. RL32733 |
Title
Order Code RL32733 Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues for the 109th Congress Updated December 21, 2006 Mark P. Sullivan, Coordinator Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Colleen W. Cook, J. F. Hornbeck, Clare M. Ribando, Maureen Taft-Morales, Connie Veillette, and M. Angeles Villarreal Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues for the 109th ...
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| Date Dec. 21, 2006 |
Report No. RL33681 |
Title
Order Code RL33681 FY2007 Regular Appropriations Acts: Procedures for End-of-Session Wrap-Up Updated December 21, 2006 Robert Keith Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division FY2007 Regular Appropriations Acts: Procedures for End-of-Session Wrap-Up Summary The House and Senate convened in a lame-duck session on November 9, 2006 to resume the consideration of the ...
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| Date Dec. 21, 2006 |
Report No. RS22442 |
Title
Order Code RS22442 Updated December 21, 2006 S. 2557, Oil and Gas Industry Antitrust Act of 2006 : Brief Legal Analysis Janice E. Rubin Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary This report addresses one of several approaches to the issue of rising gasoline prices put forward in the 109th Congress. S. 2557 was introduced on April 6, 2006, by Senator Specter, Chairman of the Senate ...
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| Date Dec. 21, 2006 |
Report No. RS22364 |
Title
Order Code RS22364 Updated December 21, 2006 Conversion of Credit Union Charter to Mutual Savings Bank Charter: Current Legal Process and Congressional Response Michael V. Seitzinger Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary There are several statutory requirements imposed by the Credit Union Membership Access Act (CUMAA) for converting a federal credit union to a mutual savings bank. In ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2006 |
Report No. RL33760 |
Title
Order Code RL33760 Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade: Key Issues for the 110th Congress December 20, 2006 Clare M. Ribando and Bruce Vaughn Coordinators Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade: Key Issues for the 110th Congress Summary The 110th Congress will face a number of pressing foreign affairs, defense, and trade issues in the opening days of its ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2006 |
Report No. RL33481 |
Title
Order Code RL33481 Environmental Protection Issues in the 109th Congress Updated December 20, 2006 Susan R. Fletcher and Margaret Isler, Coordinators Resources, Science, and Industry Division David M. Bearden, Claudia Copeland, Robert Esworthy, Linda Luther, James E. McCarthy, Jonathan L. Ramseur, Mark Reisch, Linda-Jo Schierow, Mary Tiemann, and Brent D. Yacobucci Resources, Science, and Industry ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2006 |
Report No. RL30881 |
Title
Order Code RL30881 Senate Organization in the 107th Congress: Agreements Reached in a Closely Divided Senate December 20, 2006 Elizabeth Rybicki Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Senate Organization in the 107th Congress: Agreements Reached in a Closely Divided Senate Summary The 2000 elections resulted in a Senate composed of 50 Republicans and 50 Democrats. ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2006 |
Report No. RS21443 |
Title
Order Code RS21443 Updated December 20, 2006 Elder Abuse Alison M. Smith Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary Under federal law, elder abuse is defined as the abuse, neglect, and exploitation of an older individual. All 50 states and the District of Columbia have enacted some form of elder abuse prevention law and have state agencies, such as Adult Protective Services (APS), to help ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2006 |
Report No. RS22513 |
Title
Order Code RS22513 Updated December 20, 2006 Pension Protection Act of 2006: Summary of the PBGC Guarantee and Related Provisions Jennifer Staman and Erika Lunder Legislative Attorneys American Law Division Summary Title IV of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-280; August 17, 2006) contains several provisions concerning premiums and benefit guarantees under the Pension Benefit Guaranty ...
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| Date Dec. 19, 2006 |
Report No. RL33761 |
Title
Order Code RL33761 Rebuilding Housing After Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned and Unresolved Issues December 19, 2006 N. Eric Weiss Analyst in Financial Institutions Government and Finance Division Rebuilding Housing After Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned and Unresolved Issues Summary Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall near New Orleans on August 29, 2005, arguably caused more direct damage ...
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| Date Dec. 19, 2006 |
Report No. RS22345 |
Title
Order Code RS22345 Updated December 19, 2006 BSE ( Mad Cow Disease ): A Brief Overview Geoffrey S. Becker Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary The appearance of BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or mad cow disease ) in North America in 2003 raised meat safety concerns and disrupted trade for cattle and beef producers. A major issue for Congress ...
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| Date Dec. 19, 2006 |
Report No. RS21997 |
Title
Order Code RS21997 Updated December 19, 2006 Port and Maritime Security: Potential for Terrorist Nuclear Attack Using Oil Tankers Jonathan Medalia Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary While much attention has been focused on threats to maritime security posed by cargo container ships, terrorists could also attempt to use oil tankers to stage an ...
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| Date Dec. 19, 2006 |
Report No. RS22011 |
Title
Order Code RS22011 Updated December 19, 2006 Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004: Lone Wolf Amendment to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Elizabeth B. Bazan and Brian T. Yeh Legislative Attorneys American Law Division Summary Section 6001 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, P.L. 108-458, amended the definition of agent of a foreign power ...
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| Date Dec. 18, 2006 |
Report No. RL31336 |
Title
Order Code RL31336 The Older Americans Act: Programs, Funding, and 2006 Reauthorization (P.L. 109-365) Updated December 18, 2006 Carol O Shaughnessy Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Angela Napili Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group The Older Americans Act: Programs, Funding, and 2006 Reauthorization (P.L. 109-365) Summary The Older Americans Act ...
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| Date Dec. 18, 2006 |
Report No. RL33772 |
Title
Order Code RL33772 The Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 (S. 2611): Potential Labor Market Effects of the Guest Worker Program December 18, 2006 Gerald Mayer Economic Analyst Domestic Social Policy Division The Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 (S. 2611): Potential Labor Market Effects of the Guest Worker Program Summary In the 109th Congress, the Senate passed S. 2611, the ...
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| Date Dec. 18, 2006 |
Report No. RL33353 |
Title
Order Code RL33353 Civilian Patrols Along the Border: Legal and Policy Issues Updated December 18, 2006 Stephen R. Vi a Legislative Attorney American Law Division Blas Nu ez-Neto Analyst in Domestic Security Domestic Social Policy Division Civilian Patrols Along the Border: Legal and Policy Issues Summary Civilian patrols along the international border have existed in a wide variety of forms for ...
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| Date Dec. 18, 2006 |
Report No. RL32915 |
Title
Order Code RL32915 Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway Investments: Legislation in the 109th Congress Updated December 18, 2006 Nicole T. Carter Analyst in Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway Investments: Legislation in the 109th Congress Summary The Upper Mississippi River and Illinois Waterway (UMR-IWW) is at the center ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2006 |
Report No. RL31530 |
Title
Order Code RL31530 Chemical Facility Security Updated December 15, 2006 Linda-Jo Schierow Specialist in Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Chemical Facility Security Summary Facilities handling large amounts of potentially hazardous chemicals (i.e., chemical facilities) might be of interest to terrorists, either as targets for direct attacks meant to release chemicals ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2006 |
Report No. RL33197 |
Title
Order Code RL33197 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Reallocation of Hurricane Katrina Emergency Appropriations: Defense and Other Issues December 15, 2006 Coordinated by Amy Belasco Specialist, National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Reallocation of Hurricane Katrina Emergency Appropriations: Defense ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2006 |
Report No. RL33752 |
Title
Order Code RL33752 Softwood Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events December 15, 2006 Ross W. Gorte Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Jeanne J. Grimmett Legislative Attorney American Law Division Softwood Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events Summary U.S. lumber producers have long raised concerns about softwood imports from Canada. They ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2006 |
Report No. RL33575 |
Title
Order Code RL33575 Cleanup at Abandoned Hardrock Mines: Issues Raised by Good Samaritan Legislation in the 109th Congress Updated December 15, 2006 Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Robert Meltz Legislative Attorney American Law Division Cleanup at Abandoned Hardrock Mines: Issues Raised by Good Samaritan Legislation in the ...
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