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| Date Dec. 15, 2006 |
Report No. RL33758 |
Title
Order Code RL33758 U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 1998-2005 December 15, 2006 Richard F. Grimmett Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 1998-2005 Summary This report provides background data on United States arms sales agreements with and deliveries to its ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2006 |
Report No. RS22285 |
Title
Order Code RS22285 Updated December 15, 2006 Hurricane-Damaged Drinking Water and Wastewater Facilities: Impacts, Needs, and Response Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary Throughout the Gulf Coast region, high winds and water from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 damaged a wide range of public service facilities, ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2006 |
Report No. RL32719 |
Title
Order Code RL32719 Major Tax Issues in the 109th Congress Updated December 14, 2006 David L. Brumbaugh, Coordinator Government and Finance Division Marc Labonte and Nonna A. Noto Government and Finance Division Major Tax Issues in the 109th Congress Summary Various tax issues have been considered by the 109th Congress. Among the most prominent have been the estate tax; the alternative minimum tax; ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2006 |
Report No. RL32163 |
Title
Order Code RL32163 Radioactive Waste Streams: Waste Classification for Disposal Updated December 13, 2006 Anthony Andrews Specialist in Industrial Engineering and Infrastructure Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Radioactive Waste Streams: An Overview of Waste Classification for Disposal Summary Radioactive waste is a byproduct of nuclear weapons production, commercial nuclear power ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2006 |
Report No. RS22443 |
Title
Order Code RS22443 Updated December 14, 2006 Border Security and Military Support: Legal Authorizations and Restrictions Stephen R. Vi a Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary The military generally provides support to law enforcement and immigration authorities along the southern border. Reported escalations in criminal activity and illegal immigration, however, have prompted some ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2006 |
Report No. RS22551 |
Title
Order Code RS22551 Updated December 14, 2006 Tax Provisions in the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (H.R. 6111) Erika Lunder Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary As one of the last acts of the 109th Congress, the House and Senate passed the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (H.R. 6111). This report summarizes the tax provisions in Division A Title I (extenders), Title II ( ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2006 |
Report No. RL33023 |
Title
Order Code RL33023 Open Access Publishing and Citation Archives: Background and Controversy Updated December 12, 2006 Genevieve J. Knezo Specialist in Science and Technology Resources, Science, and Industry Division Open Access Publishing and Citation Archives: Background and Controversy Summary Controversies about open access publishing and archiving confront issues of copyright and governmental ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2006 |
Report No. RL33466 |
Title
Order Code RL33466 Water Quality: Implementing the Clean Water Act Updated December 12, 2006 Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Water Quality: Implementing the Clean Water Act Summary Congress enacted the last major amendments to the Clean Water Act in 1987 (P.L. 100-4). Since then, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2006 |
Report No. RL33713 |
Title
Order Code RL33713 Pay-for-Performance in Health Care Updated December 12, 2006 Jim Hahn Health Economist Domestic Social Policy Division Pay-for-Performance in Health Care Summary In recent years, many health care industry leaders and policy makers have joined the call to pay health care providers different amounts based on variation in the quality of their services as determined through their ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2006 |
Report No. RL33709 |
Title
Order Code RL33709 North Korea s Nuclear Test: Motivations, Implications, and U.S. Options Updated December 12, 2006 Emma Chanlett-Avery Analyst in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Sharon Squassoni Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division North Korea s Nuclear Test: Motivations, Implications, and U.S. Options Summary On October 9, 2006, ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2006 |
Report No. RL33228 |
Title
Order Code RL33228 Federal Spending by Agency and Budget Function, FY2001-FY2006 Updated December 12, 2006 Philip D. Winters Analyst in Government Finance Government and Finance Division Federal Spending by Agency and Budget Function, FY2001-FY2006 Summary This report provides data on federal spending by agency and by budget function for FY2001 through FY2006.1 The agency and function data, ranked ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2006 |
Report No. RL33714 |
Title
Order Code RL33714 Natural Gas Markets in 2006 Updated December 12, 2006 Robert Pirog Specialist in Energy Economics and Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Natural Gas Markets in 2006 Summary The Energy Information Administration (EIA) in its Short Term Energy and Winter Fuels Outlook (STEWFO) provided good news for residential natural gas consumers. EIA projected that natural gas ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2006 |
Report No. RS20829 |
Title
Order Code RS20829 Updated December 12, 2006 An Overview of the Presidential Pardoning Power T.J. Halstead Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary The Constitution of the United States of America imbues the President with broad authority to grant pardons and reprieves for offenses against the United States. This report provides an overview of the scope of the President s pardoning power ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2006 |
Report No. RL32914 |
Title
Order Code RL32914 Navy Ship Acquisition: Options for Lower-Cost Ship Designs Issues for Congress Updated December 11, 2006 Ronald O Rourke Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Navy Ship Acquisition: Options for Lower-Cost Ship Designs Issues for Congress Summary Rising procurement costs for Navy ships are a matter of concern for both Navy officials and ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2006 |
Report No. RL33395 |
Title
Order Code RL33395 The Death Penalty: Capital Punishment Legislation in the 109th Congress Updated December 11, 2006 Charles Doyle Senior Specialist American Law Division The Death Penalty: Capital Punishment Legislation in the 109th Congress Summary The USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act (Reauthorization Act), P.L. 109-177, 120 Stat. 192 (2006) contains a number of death penalty ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2006 |
Report No. RS21195 |
Title
Order Code RS21195 Updated December 11, 2006 Evolutionary Acquisition and Spiral Development in DOD Programs: Policy Issues for Congress Gary J. Pagliano and Ronald O Rourke Specialists in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary The Department of Defense (DOD) in 2001 adopted a new approach for developing major weapon systems, called evolutionary acquisition with ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2006 |
Report No. RS22400 |
Title
Order Code RS22400 Updated December 11, 2006 Criminal Money Laundering Legislation in the 109th Congress Charles Doyle Senior Specialist American Law Division Summary Money laundering is an auxiliary federal crime, established to accentuate the seriousness of other specific federal, state, and foreign crimes (predicate offenses). It is designed to cut off the flow of money and other resources to ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2006 |
Report No. RS22433 |
Title
Order Code RS22433 Updated December 11, 2006 The Death Penalty: An Abridged Look at Capital Punishment Legislation in the 109th Congress Charles Doyle Senior Specialist American Law Division Summary The USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act (Reauthorization Act), P.L. 109-177, 120 Stat. 192 (2006) contains a number of death penalty related provisions. Some create new federal capital ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2006 |
Report No. RS20863 |
Title
Order Code RS20863 Updated December 11, 2006 Methyl Bromide and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Wayne A. Morrissey Information Research Specialist in Science and Technology Knowledge Services Group Summary Methyl Bromide (MeBr), a widely used pesticide in agriculture, is regulated for its potential ozone-depleting effects in the Earth s stratosphere. Controls on production, emissions, and trade are ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2006 |
Report No. RL31923 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Risk management is important in the energy industries because of the volatility of oil and natural gas prices. Price volatility can reduce the profit of business strategies and hurt consumers. The use of financial derivatives, both traded and over-the-counter, has developed as a low cost method of hedging price risk. However, the use of derivatives ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2006 |
Report No. RL33397 |
Title
Order Code RL33397 Earmark Reform Proposals: Analysis of Latest Versions of S. 2349 and H.R. 4975 Updated December 8, 2006 Sandy Streeter Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Earmark Reform Proposals: Analysis of Latest Versions of S. 2349 and H.R. 4975 Summary In response to reports of, and concern over, alleged irregularities in certain lobbying and ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2006 |
Report No. 98-564 |
Title
Order Code 98-564 GOV Updated December 8, 2006 Committee of the Whole: Stages of Action on Measures Richard S. Beth Specialist in the Legislative Process Government and Finance Division The House gives initial floor consideration to most major legislation in Committee of the Whole, a parliamentary device that is technically a committee of the House to which all Members belong. This report ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2006 |
Report No. RS20208 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress T he House of Representatives uses two kinds of votes in which the names and positions of individual Members are recorded: (1) the recorded vote, used chiefly in Committee of the Whole, though also in order in the House, and (2) the yea and nay vote, in order only in the House proper. Both kinds together are referred to as record votes or, more ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2006 |
Report No. RS20308 |
Title
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress House committee markups generally are held to consider legislation. During a markup, committees follow House rules and their individual committee rules to ensure proper parliamentary procedure. This report identifies motions commonly used and requests frequently heard during a markup. It is not intended to be an exhaustive list. This report will be ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2006 |
Report No. RL33125 |
Title
Order Code RL33125 Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 109th Congress Updated December 7, 2006 Andorra Bruno, Coordinator Ruth Ellen Wasem, Alison Siskin, and Blas Nunez-Neto Domestic Social Policy Division Michael John Garcia, Stephen R. Vina, and Margaret Mikyung Lee American Law Division Karma Ester Knowledge Services Group Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 109th Congress Summary ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2006 |
Report No. RS21949 |
Title
Order Code RS21949 Updated December 7, 2006 Accounting Problems at Fannie Mae Mark Jickling Specialist in Public Finance Government and Finance Division Summary On September 22, 2004, the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Supervision (OFHEO) made public a report that charged Fannie Mae, the government-sponsored enterprise that plays a leading role in the secondary mortgage market, with not ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2006 |
Report No. RS20887 |
Title
Order Code RS20887 Updated December 7, 2006 SCRS Report for Congress Senate Leadership: Whip Organization Judy Schneider Specialist on the Congress Government and Finance Division The whip system performs two primary functions: to take responsibility for the mobilization of party Members for key votes and to serve as a conduit for information between party leaders and party Members. Role and ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2006 |
Report No. RS20933 |
Title
Order Code RS20933 Updated December 7, 2006 SCRS Report for Congress Senate Leadership Structure: Overview of Party Organization Judy Schneider Specialist on the Congress Government and Finance Division Summary Each Congress Senators meet to organize the chamber and select their party leaders. In addition to the majority and minority leaders and party whips are numerous entities created by the ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2006 |
Report No. RS21021 |
Title
Order Code RS21021 Updated December 5, 2006 Terrorism and Related Terms in Statute and Regulation: Selected Language Elizabeth Martin American Law Division1 Summary Congress has used the term terrorism often in legislation. Hundreds of federal statutes and regulations already refer to terrorism and related terms in a variety of other contexts. However, these statutes and regulations ultimately ...
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| Date Dec. 4, 2006 |
Report No. RL33742 |
Title
Order Code RL33742 9/11 Commission Recommendations: Implementation Status December 4, 2006 Richard F. Grimmett, Coordinator Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division 9/11 Commission Recommendations: Implementation Status Summary This report provides a review of the 9/11 Commission recommendations and the status of their implementation at the end of the 109th ...
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| Date Nov. 30, 2006 |
Report No. RS22543 |
Title
Order Code RS22543 November 30, 2006 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Supreme Court to Decide Whether Parents May Bring Suit Pro Se Nancy Lee Jones Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary The Supreme Court granted certiorari in Winkelman v. Parma City School District (05-983) to determine whether, and if so, ...
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| Date Nov. 29, 2006 |
Report No. RL33738 |
Title
Order Code RL33738 Gulf Coast Hurricanes: Addressing Survivors Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Needs November 29, 2006 Ramya Sundararaman Analyst in Public Health Domestic Social Policy Division Sarah A. Lister Specialist in Public Health and Epidemiology Domestic Social Policy Division Erin D. Williams Specialist in Bioethical Policy Domestic Social Policy Division Gulf Coast ...
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| Date Nov. 29, 2006 |
Report No. RL33136 |
Title
Order Code RL33136 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Medicare: Enrollment in Medicare Drug Plans Updated November 29, 2006 Jennifer O Sullivan Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Medicare: Enrollment in Medicare Drug Plans Summary The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act ...
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| Date Nov. 29, 2006 |
Report No. RS22007 |
Title
Order Code RS22007 Updated November 29, 2006 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Membership of the 109th Congress: A Profile Mildred Amer Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Summary This report presents a profile of the membership of the 109th Congress. Statistical information is included on selected characteristics of Members, including data ...
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| Date Nov. 29, 2006 |
Report No. RS22540 |
Title
Order Code RS22540 November 29, 2006 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Supreme Court To Decide Whether Parents May Bring Suit Pro Se Nancy Lee Jones Legislative Attorney American Law Division Summary The Supreme Court granted certiorari in Winkelman v. Parma City School District (05-983) to determine whether and, if so, ...
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| Date Nov. 28, 2006 |
Report No. RL31900 |
Title
Order Code RL31900 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Weapons of Mass Destruction: Trade Between North Korea and Pakistan Updated November 28, 2006 Sharon A. Squassoni Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Weapons of Mass Destruction: Trade Between North Korea and Pakistan Summary In ...
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| Date Nov. 28, 2006 |
Report No. RS22539 |
Title
Order Code RS22539 November 28, 2006 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Prison Litigation Reform Act in the Supreme Court s 2006 Term Paul Starett Wallace, Jr. Specialist in American Public Law American Law Division Summary When prisoners sue in federal court to challenge the conditions of their confinement, the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) requires that they first exhaust ...
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| Date Nov. 24, 2006 |
Report No. RS21706 |
Title
Order Code RS21706 November 24, 2006 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Historical Effective Marginal Tax Rates on Capital Income Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy Government and Finance Division Summary Effective marginal tax rates on investment are forward-looking estimates that project over the lifetime of an investment what share of the return will ...
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| Date Nov. 22, 2006 |
Report No. RL33189 |
Title
Order Code RL33189 Proposals in the 109th Congress to Split the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Updated November 22, 2006 R. Sam Garrett Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division Proposals in the 109th Congress to Split the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Summary Proposals to split the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals have been before Congress for decades. Proponents of a ...
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| Date Nov. 21, 2006 |
Report No. RS22316 |
Title
Order Code RS22316 Updated November 21, 2006 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): Percentage of Total Tax Returns and Credit Amount by State Christine Scott Specialist in Tax Economics Domestic Social Policy Division Summary The earned income tax credit (EITC), established in the tax code in 1975, provides cash assistance to lower income working ...
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| Date Nov. 20, 2006 |
Report No. RL33734 |
Title
Order Code RL33734 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Economic Growth, Inflation, and Unemployment: Limits to Economic Policy November 20, 2006 Brian W. Cashell Specialist in Quantitative Economics Government and Finance Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Economic Growth, Inflation, and Unemployment: Limits to Economic Policy Summary For some time, ...
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| Date Nov. 20, 2006 |
Report No. RL33480 |
Title
Order Code RL33480 Dam Removal: Issues, Considerations, and Controversies Updated November 20, 2006 Nic Lane Analyst in Environment and Resources Management Resources, Science, and Industry Division Dam Removal: Issues, Considerations, and Controversies Summary River management is complex, and in many cases decisions must be made to balance conflicting values. Dams are built because they provide ...
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| Date Nov. 20, 2006 |
Report No. RL33739 |
Title
Order Code RL33739 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web The Repeal of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA) and Its Impact on Electric and Gas Utilities November 20, 2006 Adam Vann Legislative Attorney American Law Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress The Repeal of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA) and Its Impact on ...
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| Date Nov. 17, 2006 |
Report No. RL33428 |
Title
Order Code RL33428 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Homeland Security Department: FY2007 Appropriations Updated November 17, 2006 Jennifer E. Lake and Blas Nu ez-Neto, Coordinators, Sarah A. Lister, Todd Masse, Alison Siskin, and Ruth Ellen Wasem Domestic Social Policy Division Keith Bea, Harold C. Relyea, Shawn Reese, and Barbara L. Schwemle Government and Finance Division ...
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| Date Nov. 17, 2006 |
Report No. RL33613 |
Title
Order Code RL33613 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon: Recent Developments Concerning the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations Updated November 17, 2006 Michael John Garcia Legislative Attorney American Law Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon: Recent Developments Concerning the Vienna Convention on ...
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| Date Nov. 15, 2006 |
Report No. RL33725 |
Title
Order Code RL33725 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Arts, Humanities, and Museum Services: Background, Funding, and Issues November 15, 2006 Susan Boren Specialist in Social Legislation Domestic Social Policy Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Arts, Humanities, and Museum Services: Background, Funding, and Issues Summary Federal funding for arts and ...
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| Date Nov. 15, 2006 |
Report No. RS22418 |
Title
Order Code RS22418 Updated November 15, 2006 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Internet Gambling: Two Approaches in the 109th Congress Charles Doyle Senior Specialist American Law Division Summary On September 30, 2006, Congress passed and sent to the President the SAFE Port Act (H.R. 4954) that includes an Internet gambling title added in conference. The President signed the ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2006 |
Report No. RL31695 |
Title
Order Code RL31695 Balancing Scientific Publication and National Security Concerns: Issues for Congress Updated November 13, 2006 Dana A. Shea Specialist in Science and Technology Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Balancing Scientific Publication and National Security Concerns: Issues for Congress Summary The federal government has historically supported the open publication of ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2006 |
Report No. RL33722 |
Title
Order Code RL33722 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Food Safety: Federal and State Response to the Spinach E. coli Outbreak November 13, 2006 Donna V. Porter Specialist in Life Sciences Domestic Social Policy Division Sarah A. Lister Specialist in Public Health and Epidemiology Domestic Social Policy Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Food Safety: ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2006 |
Report No. RL33727 |
Title
Order Code RL33727 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Legal Comments on H.R. 4772: The Private Property Rights Implementation Act of 2006 November 13, 2006 Robert Meltz Legislative Attorney American Law Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Legal Comments on H.R. 4772: The Private Property Rights Implementation Act of 2006 Summary H.R. 4772, titled the ...
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