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| Date June 27, 2022 |
Report No. IN11959 |
Title
INSIGHTi Retirement Trends in United States, 2000-2022 June 27, 2022 Retirement Trends Retirement trends are important to the national economy. Retired individuals represent a large and growing proportion of the U.S. population, and, much of their income is provided through governmentsponsored income transfers (e.g., Social Security) or is subsidized through income tax deductions and deferrals ( ...
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| Date June 27, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10769 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 20 June 26, 2022), Part 1 June 27, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date June 27, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10770 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 20 June 26, 2022), Part 2 June 27, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date June 27, 2022 |
Report No. IN11879 |
Title
INSIGHTi Potential Impacts of a Federal Gasoline Tax Moratorium Updated June 27, 2022 Gasoline price increases have generated interest in legislation suspending the 18.4 cents-per-gallon federal gasoline tax. On June 22, 2022, President Biden requested that Congress suspend the gasoline tax for three months, from July to September 2022. No corresponding legislation has been introduced, but other ...
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| Date June 27, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10768 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Rules No Constitutional Right to Abortion in Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health Organization June 27, 2022 On June 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its opinion in Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health Organization, a case challenging the constitutionality of Mississippi s Gestational Age Act, which generally prohibits an abortion once a fetus s gestational age is greater ...
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| Date June 27, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10771 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Voting Rights Act: Section 3(c) Bail-In Provision June 27, 2022 Congress has recently considered legislation that would amend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA). For example, during the 117th Congress, the House passed H.R. 4, the John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act, and H.R. 5746, the Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act. While these pending bills would amend the better- ...
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| Date June 27, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10772 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Federal Procurement Restrictions on Organizational Conflicts of Interest June 27, 2022 Recent congressional reports and news articles have raised concerns about potential conflicts of interest when a company that provides consulting or advisory services to a federal regulatory agency through a procurement contract is also simultaneously consulting for private sector companies that ...
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| Date June 27, 2022 |
Report No. IF12145 |
Title
June 27, 2022 Delaware River Basin Restoration Background The Delaware River Basin drains the lands surrounding the Delaware River and its tributaries, which stretch from the Catskill Mountains in New York to the Delaware Estuary (see Figure 1). The river is fed by 216 tributaries, drains 13,539 square miles of land within four states Delaware, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania and eventually ...
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| Date June 24, 2022 |
Report No. IF11846 |
Title
Updated June 24, 2022 Army Corps of Engineers: FY2022 Appropriations Congress generally funds the civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. These activities include the planning and construction of authorized water resource projects and the operation and maintenance of infrastructure and navigation improvements ...
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| Date June 24, 2022 |
Report No. IF12143 |
Title
June 24, 2022 How Did COVID-19 Unemployment Insurance Benefits Impact Consumer Spending and Employment? The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically disrupted the economy with mass layoffs and business closures. The economy was shocked with stay-at-home and shutdown orders designed to limit person-to-person contact. These restrictions on the flow of labor and commerce reduced economic demand. They also ...
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| Date June 24, 2022 |
Report No. IN11934 |
Title
INSIGHTi 2022 Summit of the Americas Updated June 24, 2022 The United States hosted the Ninth Summit of the Americas in Los Angeles on June 6-10, 2022. The Summits of the Americas, held roughly every three years since 1994, serve as opportunities for the Western Hemisphere s heads of government to engage directly with one another and address issues of collective concern. The official theme of the ...
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| Date June 24, 2022 |
Report No. IN11957 |
Title
INSIGHTi Previewing NATO s Madrid Summit June 24, 2022 Heads of state and government from NATO s 30 member states (see Figure 1) are scheduled to hold a summit in Madrid, Spain, on June 29-30, 2022. The summit is expected to address five main agenda items that relate to key congressional concerns about Russia s war in Ukraine, alliance force posture and defense spending, and NATO enlargement: A ...
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| Date June 24, 2022 |
Report No. IN11958 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Tax Treatment and Distribution of Taxable Interest Income June 24, 2022 For tax purposes, interest is the amount paid for the use of borrowed money. Interest received by individuals is generally included in taxable income, unless the interest is received for assets held in a taxdeferred or tax-exempt account (e.g., retirement account or education savings account) or a specific ...
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| Date June 24, 2022 |
Report No. IN11955 |
Title
INSIGHTi Colombia: Presidential Elections in 2022 Updated June 24, 2022 On June 19, 2022, Colombian voters elected as president former senator Gustavo Petro in a close but decisive victory over Rodolfo Hern ndez, a construction magnate and one-term mayor. The runoff garnered the highest turnout for a second round presidential vote since 1994, with Petro winning 50.5% of the vote followed by Hern ...
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| Date June 23, 2022 |
Report No. R42781 |
Title
Federal Civil Aviation Programs: In Brief Updated June 23, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42781 Federal Civil Aviation Programs: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 The Airport and Airway Trust Fund ...
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| Date June 23, 2022 |
Report No. IF11659 |
Title
Updated June 23, 2022 Air Force Next-Generation Air Dominance Program According to the Air Force, the Next-Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) program is intended to develop a portfolio of technologies enabling air superiority (Figure 1). The Air Force intends for NGAD to replace the F-22 fighter jet beginning in 2030, possibly including a combination of crewed and uncrewed aircraft, with other ...
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| Date June 23, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10767 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congress s Foreign Commerce Clause Power Questioned June 23, 2022 On May 5, 2022, a divided panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (the panel) held that the federal sex tourism statute, 18 U.S.C. 2423(c), outlawing overseas child molestation, exceeds Congress s legislative authority under the Constitution s Foreign Commerce Clause, but remains viable under treaty- ...
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| Date June 23, 2022 |
Report No. IF12144 |
Title
June 23, 2022 The U.S. Employment Service: Service Delivery and Merit Staffing Introduction Since the establishment of the Employment Service (ES) in 1933, there has been congressional and executive branch interest and activity around the staffing requirements in the delivery of ES services. In particular, there has been a longstanding dialogue on the best way to ensure uniformity of service ...
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| Date June 22, 2022 |
Report No. R47163 |
Title
Department of Veterans Affairs: Claims Process and Compensation and Pension Exams by Contracted Physicians June 22, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47163 SUMMARY Department of Veterans Affairs: Claims Process and Compensation and Pension Exams by Contracted Physicians The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) ...
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| Date June 22, 2022 |
Report No. TE10078 |
Title
Statement of Sidath Viranga Panangala Specialist in Veterans Policy Before Committee on Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Health U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on The Modernizing Veterans Health Care Eligibility Act (H.R. 1216), and other Pending Legislation June 22, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10078 Congressional Research Service 1 Introduction ...
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| Date June 22, 2022 |
Report No. IF12140 |
Title
June 22, 2022 Farm Bill Primer: MAL and LDP Farm Support Programs The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (2018 farm bill; P.L. 115-334) reauthorized the Marketing Assistance Loan (MAL) and Loan Deficiency Payment (LDP) programs for crop years 2019-2023. The MAL program has been a significant feature of U.S. farm policy since the 1930s. Congress has authorized the LDP program since the 1980s. The ...
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| Date June 22, 2022 |
Report No. IF12138 |
Title
June 22, 2022 Social Security: Are Benefits Paid to Incarcerated Individuals? Background Social Security is a work-related federal benefit program that is funded primarily by dedicated payroll taxes paid by covered workers and their employers. The program pays monthly cash benefits to eligible workers when they retire or become disabled and to the eligible family members of retired, disabled, or ...
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| Date June 22, 2022 |
Report No. IN11956 |
Title
INSIGHTi LNG Exports to Europe: What Are Floating Storage Regasification Units (FSRUs)? June 22, 2022 U.S. to Europe LNG Capacity On March 25, 2022, as part of the U.S. response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, President Biden announced an initiative to help Europe reduce dependence on Russian natural gas supplies by increasing U.S. exports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to the European Union. ...
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| Date June 21, 2022 |
Report No. R47166 |
Title
Career and Technical Education: A Primer June 21, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47166 Career and Technical Education: A Primer Career and Technical Education: A Primer R47166 June 21, 2022 Career and technical education (CTE), sometimes referred to as vocational education, provides occupational and non-occupational preparation at the secondary and ...
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| Date June 21, 2022 |
Report No. R47165 |
Title
Permanent Immigration Options for Afghans with Immigration Parole June 21, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47165 SUMMARY Permanent Immigration Options for Afghans with Immigration Parole R47165 June 21, 2022 Andorra Bruno Specialist in Immigration Since late July 2021, tens of thousands of Afghan nationals whose evacuation from Policy Afghanistan was ...
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| Date June 21, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10765 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 13 June 19, 2022), Part 1 June 21, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date June 21, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10766 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 13 June 19, 2022), Part 2 June 21, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date June 17, 2022 |
Report No. IF11914 |
Title
Updated June 17, 2022 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FY2022 Budget Request and Appropriations The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration s (NOAA s) mission is to understand and predict changes in weather, climate, oceans, and coasts; to share that information with others; and to conserve and manage coastal and marine ecosystems and resources. NOAA s work is divided ...
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| Date June 17, 2022 |
Report No. IN11947 |
Title
INSIGHTi Security of the Federal Judiciary: Background and Recent Congressional Legislation Updated June 17, 2022 The July 2020 fatal attack of a family member at the home of a federal judge in New Jersey has continued to prompt calls for enhanced security for federal judges and their families. This attack underscored ongoing concerns related to judicial security, particularly given the increase ...
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| Date June 16, 2022 |
Report No. R41184 |
Title
Small Business Administration 504/CDC Loan Guaranty Program Updated June 16, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41184 SUMMARY Small Business Administration 504/CDC Loan Guaranty Program R41184 June 16, 2022 Robert Jay Dilger The Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several programs to support small Senior Specialist in American National businesses, ...
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| Date June 16, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10763 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Double Jeopardy, Dual Sovereignty, and Enforcement of Tribal Laws June 16, 2022 On June 13, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court in a 6-3 decision upheld the federal prosecution of a man who had already been convicted of, and punished for, a lesser-included offense by a Court of Indian Offenses. Merle Denezpi argued that the U.S. Constitution s Double Jeopardy Clause should bar the second ...
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| Date June 16, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10764 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Abu Zubaydah and the State Secrets Doctrine June 16, 2022 Zayn Al-Abidin Muhammad Husayn (also known as Abu Zubaydah) is a detainee at the U.S. Naval Station at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. He was also the first suspected Al Qaeda detainee rendered into Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) custody at various black sites abroad for interrogation, including Detention Site Blue, allegedly in ...
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| Date June 15, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10762 |
Title
Legal Sidebari No Judicial Review of Fact Findings for Certain Discretionary Immigration Relief, Rules Supreme Court June 15, 2022 On May 16, 2022, the Supreme Court decided Patel v. Garland, a case concerning the scope of an Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) provision barring judicial review of decisions denying certain forms of discretionary immigration relief. Specifically, this case asked ...
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| Date June 15, 2022 |
Report No. R40860 |
Title
Small Business Size Standards: A Historical Analysis of Contemporary Issues Updated June 15, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40860 Small Business Size Standards: A Historical Analysis of Contemporary Issues Summary Small business size standards are of congressional interest because they have a pivotal role in determining eligibility for Small Business ...
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| Date June 15, 2022 |
Report No. IF12134 |
Title
June 15, 2022 The Federal Role in Orphan Oil and Gas Well Reclamation Production of oil and gas in the United States began in the late 19th century and continues to contribute to meeting U.S. fuel and petrochemical demands. Over time, federal and state requirements were put in place to manage such aspects of oil and gas development as siting, safety, emissions, and reclamation. Prior to federal ...
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| Date June 15, 2022 |
Report No. R45044 |
Title
Federal Milk Marketing Orders: An Overview Updated June 15, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45044 SUMMARY Federal Milk Marketing Orders: An Overview Federal Milk Marketing Orders (FMMOs) are geographically defined fluid-milk demand areas. Under FMMO law and regulations, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) establishes a minimum milk price, and milk ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. R46900 |
Title
The Expanded Child Tax Credit for 2021: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Updated June 14, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46900 The Expanded Child Tax Credit for 2021: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Contents A. American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2) Expansion of the Child Credit ........... 2 A1. How did the child credit work before the ARPA ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. TE10076 |
Title
Statement of Charles V. Stern Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Before Committee on Energy and Natural Resources U.S. Senate Hearing on Short- and Long-Term Solutions to Extreme Drought in the Western United States June 14, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10076 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Manchin, Ranking Member Barrasso, and Members of the ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. R46381 |
Title
Guides and Outfitters on Federal Lands: Issues for Congress Updated June 14, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46381 SUMMARY Guides and Outfitters on Federal Lands: Issues for Congress Guides and outfitters play a significant role in facilitating recreational use of the country s public lands, including those owned by the federal government. These service ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. R47156 |
Title
FY2022 District of Columbia Budget and Appropriations June 14, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47156 SUMMARY FY2022 District of Columbia Budget and Appropriations The District of Columbia (DC) government s local operating budget and much of its local legislation is subject to congressional approval, pursuant to the plenary legislative authority of Congress over ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10756 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Political Question Doctrine: An Introduction (Part 1) June 14, 2022 This Legal Sidebar is the first in a six-part series that discusses the Supreme Court s political question doctrine, which instructs that federal courts should forbear from resolving questions when doing so would require the judiciary to make policy decisions, exercise discretion beyond its competency, or ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10757 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Political Question Doctrine: Historical Background (Part 2) June 14, 2022 This Legal Sidebar is the second in a six-part series that discusses the Supreme Court s political question doctrine, which instructs that federal courts should forbear from resolving questions when doing so would require the judiciary to make policy decisions, exercise discretion beyond its competency, or ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10758 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Political Question Doctrine: The Doctrine in the Modern Era (Part 3) June 14, 2022 This Legal Sidebar is the third in a six-part series that discusses the Supreme Court s political question doctrine, which instructs that federal courts should forbear from resolving questions when doing so would require the judiciary to make policy decisions, exercise discretion beyond its ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10759 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Political Question Doctrine: Foreign Affairs as a Political Question (Part 4) June 14, 2022 This Legal Sidebar is the fourth in a six-part series that discusses the Supreme Court s political question doctrine, which instructs that federal courts should forbear from resolving questions when doing so would require the judiciary to make policy decisions, exercise discretion beyond ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10760 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Political Question Doctrine: Congressional Governance and Impeachment as Political Questions (Part 5) June 14, 2022 This Legal Sidebar is the fifth in a six-part series that discusses the Supreme Court s political question doctrine, which instructs that federal courts should forbear from resolving questions when doing so would require the judiciary to make policy decisions, ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10761 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Political Question Doctrine: Political Process, Elections, and Gerrymandering (Part 6) June 14, 2022 This Legal Sidebar is the sixth in a six-part series that discusses the Supreme Court s political question doctrine, which instructs that federal courts should forbear from resolving questions when doing so would require the judiciary to make policy decisions, exercise discretion ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. IF12133 |
Title
June 14, 2022 Social Security: Selected Findings of the 2022 Annual Report According to the recent report of the Board of Trustees of the Social Security Trust Funds, the program s finances are in a similar, albeit marginally better, position in 2022 relative to what they were in 2021. This relative improvement is largely attributed to a stronger-thanexpected recovery from the recession ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. IN11927 |
Title
INSIGHTi Summary of Selected Biden Administration Actions on Supply Chains Updated June 14, 2022 This CRS Insight presents selected Biden Administration actions on supply chains. The U.S. economy has faced many supply disruptions and bottlenecks since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. These supply issues have contributed to high inflation throughout 2021 and thus far in 2022. For more ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. IF11801 |
Title
Updated June 14, 2022 Romania: An Overview With a population of almost 20 million, Romania is the largest country in southeastern Europe. After the end of communist rule in 1989, Romania adopted a Euro-Atlantic orientation, joining NATO in 2004 and the European Union (EU) in 2007. Romania s strategic Black Sea location, steadfast commitment to its security partnership with the United States, and ...
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| Date June 14, 2022 |
Report No. IF12132 |
Title
June 14, 2022 Postal Primer: ZIP Codes and Boundary Review Process The United States Postal Service (USPS) establishes postal ZIP codes to assist in the efficient sorting and routing of mail. As of March 5, 2022, there were 41,683 ZIP codes in the United States. This In Focus provides a brief history of postal ZIP codes and information on the processes to establish a new ZIP code or change ...
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