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| Date July 27, 2022 |
Report No. R46768 |
Title
Agricultural Credit: Institutions and Issues Updated July 13, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46768 SUMMARY Agricultural Credit: Institutions and Issues A variety of lenders, from the federal government to commercial banks, make loans to farmers and ranchers. The federal government provides credit assistance to farmers and ranchers who cannot obtain loans ...
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| Date July 27, 2022 |
Report No. R42838 |
Title
Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA): Background and Funding Updated July 27, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42838 SUMMARY Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA): Background and Funding R42838 July 27, 2022 Kara Clifford Billings Family violence broadly refers to acts of physical and sexual violence perpetrated by individuals ...
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| Date July 27, 2022 |
Report No. R47199 |
Title
The School Foodservice Workforce: Characteristics and Labor Market Outcomes July 27, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47199 SUMMARY The School Foodservice Workforce: Characteristics and Labor Market Outcomes In 2019, an estimated 339,000 workers were employed in foodservice operations in the nation s elementary and secondary schools. While news stories often ...
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| Date July 27, 2022 |
Report No. RL31181 |
Title
Federal Research Tax Credit: Current Law and Policy Issues Updated July 27, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL31181 SUMMARY Federal Research Tax Credit: Current Law and Policy Issues Technological innovation is a primary engine of long-term economic and productivity growth, and research and development (R&D) helps fuel the innovation process. The federal ...
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| Date July 27, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10796 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Invalidates Cap on Repayment of Candidate Loans Under the First Amendment: Considerations for Congress July 27, 2022 In Federal Election Commission (FEC) v. Ted Cruz for Senate, the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated a provision of federal campaign finance law establishing a $250,000 limit on the amount of post-election campaign contributions that may be used to repay ...
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| Date July 26, 2022 |
Report No. R47195 |
Title
Federal Compassionate Release After the First Step Act July 26, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47195 SUMMARY Federal Compassionate Release After the First Step Act U.S. district courts enjoy the discretion to reduce the sentence of federal prisoners on grounds of compassionate release on the motion of the Bureau of Prisons (BOP), or, after enactment of the ...
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| Date July 26, 2022 |
Report No. IN11972 |
Title
INSIGHTi Presidential Declaration of Climate Emergency: NEA and Stafford Act July 26, 2022 This Insight provides selected considerations related to the President s ability to declare a climate emergency under the National Emergencies Act (NEA; 50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) and/or the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.). Table 1 lists key ...
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| Date July 26, 2022 |
Report No. IF12045 |
Title
Updated July 26, 2022 Replacing the E-3 Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) The U.S. Air Force recently expressed its interest to replace the E-3 Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) fleet. Over the summer and fall of 2021, several senior Air Force officials, including Air Force Secretary Frank Kendall and Commander of Pacific Air Forces General Kenneth Wilsbach, discussed plans to ...
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| Date July 25, 2022 |
Report No. R47194 |
Title
Highway Bridges: Conditions, Funding Programs, and Issues for Congress July 25, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47194 SUMMARY Highway Bridges: Conditions, Funding Programs, and Issues for Congress The United States has approximately 620,000 bridges longer than 20 feet on public roads. About 48% of these bridges are owned by state governments and 50% by local ...
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| Date July 25, 2022 |
Report No. R42581 |
Title
State Small Business Credit Initiative: Implementation and Funding Issues Updated July 25, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42581 SUMMARY State Small Business Credit Initiative: Implementation and Funding Issues Congressional interest in small business access to capital has always been high, primarily because small businesses are viewed as a means to stimulate ...
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| Date July 25, 2022 |
Report No. IF11669 |
Title
Updated July 25, 2022 Mexico: Addressing Missing and Disappeared Persons Mexico faces significant human rights concerns amidst record violence related to drug trafficking and organized crime. As of July 2022, the Mexican government has registered more than 101,300 cases of missing or disappeared persons. Some 32.2% of cases were reported since President Andr s Manuel L pez Obrador took office in ...
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| Date July 25, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10795 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 18 July 24, 2022) July 25, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date July 22, 2022 |
Report No. R43424 |
Title
Considering Legislation on the House Floor: Common Practices in Brief Updated July 22, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43424 SUMMARY Considering Legislation on the House Floor: Common Practices in Brief This brief overview explains the most common ways legislation is considered on the House floor, and it describes the types of questions most likely to be voted ...
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| Date July 22, 2022 |
Report No. IF10394 |
Title
Updated July 22, 2022 Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) Overview CAFTA-DR is a free trade agreement (FTA) among the United States, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic. It eliminated on a reciprocal basis tariff and nontariff barriers on goods, services, and agriculture, building on U.S. unilateral trade ...
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| Date July 22, 2022 |
Report No. IF12172 |
Title
July 22, 2022 The Dark Web: An Overview Many observers of the World Wide Web (web) have described it as having layers. One layer, the surface web, contains indexed content easily accessible with a traditional search engine such as Google. Another layer, the deep web, contains unindexed content that cannot be accessed with a simple Google search. Within the deep web is a segment known as the dark ...
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| Date July 22, 2022 |
Report No. RS22015 |
Title
Availability of Legislative Measures in the House of Representatives (The 72-Hour Rule ) Updated July 22, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22015 SUMMARY Availability of Legislative Measures in the House of Representatives (The 72-Hour Rule ) RS22015 July 22, 2022 Elizabeth Rybicki Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process House rules govern the length ...
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| Date July 22, 2022 |
Report No. 98-314 |
Title
Suspension of the Rules in the House: Principal Features Updated July 22, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-314 Suspension of the Rules in the House: Principal Features Suspension of the rules is a procedure that the House of Representatives often uses on the floor to act expeditiously on legislation. This procedure is governed primarily by clause 1 of House ...
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| Date July 22, 2022 |
Report No. IN11971 |
Title
INSIGHT How the Lummis-Gillibrand Responsible Financial Innovation Act (S. 4356) Would Alter the Crypto Regulatory Landscape July 22, 2022 In June 2022, Senators Cynthia Lummis and Kirsten Gillibrand introduced S. 4356, the LummisGillibrand Responsible Financial Innovation Act (RFIA). The Insight provides an overview of the bill, including its implications for digital assets under securities and ...
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| Date July 21, 2022 |
Report No. R47164 |
Title
U.S. Employment-Based Immigration Policy Updated July 21, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47164 SUMMARY U.S. Employment-Based Immigration Policy Each year, the United States grants lawful permanent resident (LPR) status, or green cards, to about 140,000 foreign workers and their family members. These employment-based (EB) immigrants are part of a broader ...
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| Date July 21, 2022 |
Report No. R47192 |
Title
The Federal Communications Commission: Selected Issues Under Consideration July 21, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47192 SUMMARY The Federal Communications Commission: Selected Issues Under Consideration The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is set to begin or complete proceedings on a range of policy topics of ongoing interest to Congress in 2022: ...
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| Date July 21, 2022 |
Report No. R47190 |
Title
Legal and Procedural Issues Related to Seating a Cherokee Nation Delegate in the House of Representatives July 21, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47190 SUMMARY Legal and Procedural Issues Related to Seating a Cherokee Nation Delegate in the House of Representatives On August 22, 2019, Cherokee Nation Chief Chuck Hoskin Jr. announced his tribe s intention to ...
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| Date July 21, 2022 |
Report No. IF11924 |
Title
Updated July 21, 2022 Federal Crop Insurance Program Support for Natural Disasters Natural disasters events such as severe droughts, floods, and storms can cause crop and animal production losses as well as other physical and financial losses for farm operations. The Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP) offers farmers the opportunity to purchase insurance against financial losses caused by ...
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| Date July 21, 2022 |
Report No. IN10661 |
Title
Resolutions of Inquiry in the House Updated July 21, 2022 On July 19, 2022, the House agreed to H.Res. 1232, a special rule reported by the House Committee on Rules. The adoption of the resolution means that temporary procedures previously in place during the 117th Congress (2021-2022) that paused certain deadlines for committee action on resolutions of inquiry are no longer in force. Any ...
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| Date July 21, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10794 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Declines to Review Bankruptcy Sanctions Order July 21, 2022 The Supreme Court denied certiorari in Sensenich v. PHH Mortgage Corporation on June 13, 2022, allowing to stand a decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit holding that a federal bankruptcy court erred in imposing punitive sanctions on PHH Mortgage Corp. (PHH), a creditor in ...
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| Date July 20, 2022 |
Report No. R47189 |
Title
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) July 20, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47189 SUMMARY Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) R47189 July 20, 2022 Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have become popular as unique and non-interchangeable units of data that signify ownership of associated digital items, such as images, music, or videos. Token Kristen E. Busch ownership is recorded and ...
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| Date July 20, 2022 |
Report No. IF12167 |
Title
Updated July 20, 2022 The Hyde Amendment: An Overview The Hyde Amendment, named after its original congressional sponsor, Representative Henry J. Hyde, refers to annual funding restrictions that Congress has regularly included in the annual appropriations acts for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and related agencies ( L-HHS-Ed ). The most recently enacted ...
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| Date July 20, 2022 |
Report No. IN11970 |
Title
INSIGHTi Mental Health Funding in the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act July 20, 2022 On June 25, 2022, the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA; P.L. 117-159) was signed into law. In addition to provisions addressing firearms, education, and Medicaid, the act included appropriations for several existing mental health-related grant programs. Division B, Title II of the act appropriated $800 ...
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| Date July 20, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10793 |
Title
Legal Sidebari High Court Limits Ability of Aliens Ordered Removed to Challenge Prolonged Detention July 20, 2022 Non-U.S. nationals (aliens, as the term is used in the Immigration and Nationality Act [INA]) ordered removed may be detained pending efforts to effectuate their transfer to a foreign country. In its 2001 decision in Zadvydas v. Davis, the Supreme Court held that the indefinite ...
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| Date July 20, 2022 |
Report No. IF12170 |
Title
July 20, 2022 Shinzo Abe s Assassination and the Impact on U.S.-Japan Relations On July 8, 2022, a gunman assassinated former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, arguably Japan s most powerful politician, jolting Japan just days before parliamentary elections. Abe, the longest serving prime minister in postwar Japan, was campaigning in the central Japanese city of Nara when he was shot with a home ...
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| Date July 19, 2022 |
Report No. R45031 |
Title
The Supplemental Poverty Measure: Its Core Concepts, Development, and Use Updated July 19, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45031 The Supplemental Poverty Measure: Its Core Concepts, Development, and Use Summary The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) is a measure of economic deprivation having insufficient financial resources to achieve a specified standard of ...
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| Date July 19, 2022 |
Report No. IF12168 |
Title
July 19, 2022 Fertility Fraud: Federal Criminal Law Issues Recent media attention has focused on medical fertility specialists who have misrepresented the provenance of biological material for example, inseminating patients with the specialists own sperm. Often called fertility fraud, this conduct is specifically covered by a number of state criminal laws. E.g., Ark. Code Ann. 5-13-212 ( Fertility ...
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| Date July 18, 2022 |
Report No. R45472 |
Title
Market-Based Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Legislation: 108th Through 117th Congresses Updated July 18, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45472 SUMMARY Market-Based Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Legislation: 108th Through 117th Congresses R45472 July 18, 2022 Jonathan L. Ramseur Specialist in Environmental Policy Congressional interest in market-based ...
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| Date July 18, 2022 |
Report No. R47188 |
Title
Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Roles, Missions, and Future Concepts July 18, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47188 SUMMARY Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Roles, Missions, and Future Concepts Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have gained increased prominence in U.S. military operations. The Department of Defense (DOD) is currently developing advanced UAS, along with ...
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| Date July 18, 2022 |
Report No. R44837 |
Title
Benefits for Service-Disabled Veterans Updated July 18, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44837 Benefits for Service-Disabled Veterans Summary The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administers programs and provides benefits to qualified former U.S. servicemembers with service-connected disabilities (i.e., service-disabled veterans). These benefits can ...
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| Date July 18, 2022 |
Report No. R47183 |
Title
The Social Security Statement July 18, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47183 SUMMARY The Social Security Statement The Social Security Administration (SSA) is required by law to provide Social Security number (SSN) holders with annual statements that contain certain information from their Social Security records in accordance with Section 1143 of the Social ...
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| Date July 18, 2022 |
Report No. R45793 |
Title
PFAS and Drinking Water: Selected EPA and Congressional Actions Updated July 18, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45793 SUMMARY PFAS and Drinking Water: Selected EPA and Congressional Actions R45793 July 18, 2022 Elena H. Humphreys Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are fluorinated chemicals that have been used in an Analyst in Environmental Policy array ...
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| Date July 18, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10792 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 11 July 17, 2022) July 18, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date July 15, 2022 |
Report No. IF12166 |
Title
July 15, 2022 The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), enacted as part of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (HIRE Act, P.L. 111-147), was intended to increase compliance with U.S. tax law among U.S. citizens and residents with financial holdings outside the United States. FATCA aimed to reduce noncompliance by requiring certain ...
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| Date July 15, 2022 |
Report No. R47182 |
Title
International Migration Trends in the Western Hemisphere July 15, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47182 SUMMARY International Migration Trends in the Western Hemisphere R47182 July 15, 2022 Joshua Klein Countries throughout the Western Hemisphere have experienced increased migrant flows since Presidential Management Fellow the easing of travel restrictions ...
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| Date July 15, 2022 |
Report No. R41360 |
Title
Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy Updated July 15, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41360 Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law Summary This report details legislation and policies that restrict or place requirements on U.S. funding of abortion or family planning ...
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| Date July 14, 2022 |
Report No. R40985 |
Title
Small Business: Access to Capital and Job Creation Updated July 14, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40985 Small Business: Access to Capital and Job Creation Summary The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several programs to support small businesses, including loan guaranty and venture capital programs to enhance small business access to ...
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| Date July 14, 2022 |
Report No. R43846 |
Title
Small Business Administration (SBA) Funding: Overview and Recent Trends Updated July 14, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43846 Small Business Administration (SBA) Funding: Overview and Recent Trends Summary This report examines the Small Business Administration s (SBA s) appropriations (new budget authority, minus rescissions and sequestration) over time, ...
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| Date July 14, 2022 |
Report No. R47180 |
Title
Legislative History of the Animal Welfare Act: In Brief July 14, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47180 Legislative History of the Animal Welfare Act: In Brief Contents Original Law.................................................................................................................................... 1 Animal Welfare Act of 1970 ...
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| Date July 14, 2022 |
Report No. IF12164 |
Title
July 14, 2022 Housing and the Consumer Price Index Over much of 2021 and 2022, inflation in the United States has been high. Housing costs carry a relatively large weight in the calculation of overall price increases across many measures, notably in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of consumer inflation. Given how much housing costs affect headline inflation numbers, accurate measurement of ...
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| Date July 13, 2022 |
Report No. R46599 |
Title
Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs: Background and Issues for Congress Updated July 13, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46599 SUMMARY Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs: Background and Issues for Congress R46599 July 13, 2022 Bryce H. P. Mendez Analyst in Defense Health Since fiscal year (FY) 1992, Congress has appropriated funds ...
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| Date July 13, 2022 |
Report No. TE10077 |
Title
Statement of Darryl E. Getter Specialist in Financial Economics Before Committee on Financial Services Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Financial Institutions U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on Better, Together: Examining the Unified Proposed Rule to Modernize the Community Reinvestment Act July 13, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10077 ...
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| Date July 13, 2022 |
Report No. IF10963 |
Title
Updated July 13, 2022 Introduction to U.S. Economy: Personal Saving Definition and Economic Considerations Long-Term Economic Impacts In the long term, a higher saving rate will generally lead to higher levels of economic output, up to a point. When individuals save a portion of their income, those savings are generally loaned to businesses to finance new investments. For example, an individual s ...
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| Date July 13, 2022 |
Report No. IF11060 |
Title
Updated July 13, 2022 Wild Horse and Burro Management: Overview of Costs Background The Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971 (the 1971 Act, 16 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.) provides for management and protection of wild horses and burros by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Forest Service (FS). Federal management of wild horses and burros has generated controversy, proposals for change, ...
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| Date July 13, 2022 |
Report No. R44306 |
Title
The H-2B Visa and the Statutory Cap Updated July 13, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44306 The H-2B Visa and the Statutory Cap Summary The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) of 1952, as amended, enumerates categories of foreign nationals, known as nonimmigrants, who are admitted to the United States for a temporary period of time and a specific purpose. One ...
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| Date July 12, 2022 |
Report No. IN11968 |
Title
INSIGHTi Department of Justice Grant Funding in the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act July 12, 2022 The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA, P.L. 117-159) provides $1.5 billion in funding for Department of Justice (DOJ) grants to help address gun violence, which includes $750 million for state crisis intervention programs, $300 million for the Matching Grant Program for School Security (school ...
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