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| Date Oct. 14, 2022 |
Report No. R47280 |
Title
Defining FEMA s Approach to Equity and Emergency Management: Policy Considerations October 14, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47280 SUMMARY Defining FEMA s Approach to Equity and Emergency Management: Policy Considerations A range of emergency managers, scholars, and representatives at federal and subfederal governments in the United States have found that ...
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| Date Oct. 14, 2022 |
Report No. IF12231 |
Title
October 14, 2022 Social Security: Scheduled Versus Payable Benefits Background Social Security is a self-financing program that, in 2022, covers approximately 182 million workers and provides monthly cash benefits to over 65 million beneficiaries. Social Security is composed of the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) and Disability Insurance (DI) programs, referred to on a combined basis as ...
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| Date Oct. 14, 2022 |
Report No. IF12232 |
Title
October 14, 2022 Overview of the 340B Drug Discount Program Congress created the 340B Drug Discount Program (340B) in 1992 through the Veteran s Health Care Act (P.L. 102585) to enable health care providers that serve low-income and uninsured patients to purchase drugs at lower costs. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ...
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| Date Oct. 13, 2022 |
Report No. R43244 |
Title
Women in Congress: Statistics and Brief Overview Updated October 13, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43244 SUMMARY Women in Congress: Statistics and Brief Overview As of October 12, 2022, 151 women are serving in the 117th Congress. There are 127 women serving in the House (including 3 Delegates and the Resident Commissioner), 93 Democrats and 34 Republicans. ...
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| Date Oct. 13, 2022 |
Report No. RL30261 |
Title
Women in Congress, 1917-2022: Service Dates and Committee Assignments by Member, and Lists by State and Congress Updated October 13, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30261 SUMMARY Women in Congress, 1917-2022: Service Dates and Committee Assignments by Member, and Lists by State and Congress In total 400 women have been elected or appointed to Congress, 260 ...
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| Date Oct. 13, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10842 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Courts Evaluate the Role of Contract Pharmacies in the 340B Drug Discount Program October 13, 2022 Congress created the 340B Drug Discount Program (340B) in 1992 through the Veteran s Health Care Act (P.L. 102-585) to enable safety net providers (those that provide health care services to uninsured, Medicaid and other vulnerable patients ) to purchase drugs at lower costs. The U.S. ...
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| Date Oct. 13, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10840 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Forfeiture Trail for Russian Oligarchs Luxury Assets October 13, 2022 The Justice Department recently announced issuance of seizure warrants for a luxury yacht and airplanes located in various foreign countries and owned by sanctioned Russian oligarchs. The warrants anticipate the seizure and confiscation of property related to these individuals violating Russian sanctions and ...
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| Date Oct. 13, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10790 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Opening the Floodgates? Federal Circuit Lets Claims Proceed Against Corps of Engineers for Hurricane-Related Flooding Updated October 13, 2022 Can private property owners make the United States government pay for flood damage to their land during a natural disaster where the United States has undertaken activities to reduce flood risks? The Flood Control Act of 1928 states the United ...
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| Date Oct. 12, 2022 |
Report No. R41610 |
Title
Wilderness: Issues and Legislation Updated October 12, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41610 Wilderness: Issues and Legislation Summary The Wilderness Act of 1964 established the National Wilderness Preservation System and, in it, Congress reserved for itself the authority to designate federal lands as part of the system. As of September 9, 2022, the system ...
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| Date Oct. 12, 2022 |
Report No. R44688 |
Title
Congressional Staff: CRS Products Updated October 12, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44688 SUMMARY Congressional Staff: CRS Products The manner in which staff are integrated and utilized within an organization may reflect the missions and priorities of that organization. In Congress, staff work for Members of Congress in personal, committee, and leadership ...
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| Date Oct. 12, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10837 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Ranked-Choice Voting: Legal Challenges and Considerations for Congress October 12, 2022 Ranked-choice voting (RCV) is an alternative voting system that allows voters to rank multiple candidates on a ballot in order of preference. RCV has been adopted in at least 50 jurisdictions across the United States, including for statewide and federal elections in Maine and Alaska. These ...
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| Date Oct. 12, 2022 |
Report No. R45137 |
Title
Bankruptcy Basics: A Primer Updated October 12, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45137 Bankruptcy Basics: A Primer Summary U.S. bankruptcy law has two central aims. First, it seeks to relieve debtors of certain financial obligations they are unable to satisfy by providing them with a fresh start from those difficulties. Second, bankruptcy law attempts to ...
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| Date Oct. 12, 2022 |
Report No. R47277 |
Title
Reserve Funds in the Congressional Budget Process: Frequently Asked Questions October 12, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47277 Reserve Funds in the Congressional Budget Process: Frequently Asked Questions Contents What is a reserve fund? ................................................................................................................... 1 How ...
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| Date Oct. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IF12228 |
Title
October 12, 2022 Environmental, Social and Governance Funds: SEC-Proposed Disclosure Reform On May 25, 2022, citing concerns over lack of consistent, comparable, and reliable investor disclosures regarding environmental, social, and governance (ESG) fund and ESG investment adviser strategies, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) voted 3-1 to issue amendments to regulations implementing the ...
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| Date Oct. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IF12229 |
Title
October 12, 2022 The Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act The Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act (PittmanRobertson; 16 U.S.C. 669 et seq.), initially enacted in 1937 as the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917), provides funding for states and territories to support wildlife restoration, conservation, and hunter education and safety programs. Funding for ...
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| Date Oct. 12, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10839 |
Title
Legal Sidebari FTC Considers Adopting Commercial Surveillance and Data Security Rules October 12, 2022 On August 11, 2022, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) announcing that the agency is considering enacting new regulations on commercial surveillance and data security. The ANPRM is significant because it initiates a process that may result ...
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| Date Oct. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IF11207 |
Title
Updated October 12, 2022 Data Protection and Privacy Law: An Introduction Recent controversy surrounding how third parties protect the privacy of individuals in the digital age has raised national concerns over legal protections of Americans electronic data. The current legislative paradigms governing cybersecurity and data privacy are complex and technical and lack uniformity at the federal ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2022 |
Report No. R47276 |
Title
Supreme Court Term October 2021: A Review of Selected Major Rulings October 11, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47276 SUMMARY Supreme Court Term October 2021: A Review of Selected Major Rulings During the Supreme Court term that began on October 4, 2021, the Court issued a number of decisions concerning high-profile issues such as abortion, firearms regulation, ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10836 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 3 Oct. 9, 2022) October 11, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2022 |
Report No. R46801 |
Title
Air Force F-15EX Eagle II Fighter Program Updated October 11, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46801 SUMMARY Air Force F-15EX Eagle II Fighter Program On March 11, 2021, the U.S. Air Force took delivery of its first F-15EX Eagle II fighter. The original Eagle II program was intended to deliver 144 aircraft to replace aging F-15Cs, most of which are in the Air ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10835 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Courts Clarify Federal Railroad Safety Act Employee Protection for Good Faith Safety Reports October 11, 2022 The Federal Railroad Safety Act (FRSA) contains several provisions that prohibit railroads from punishing an employee for engaging in certain protected activities, including reporting safety hazards, cooperating with federal safety investigations, and refusing to violate ...
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| Date Oct. 11, 2022 |
Report No. IF12227 |
Title
October 11, 2022 The Americans with Disabilities Act: A Brief Overview The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq., prohibits disability discrimination in many areas of life, from work to public services to commercial business. With some exceptions, the ADA covers every type of disability, including those that are physical, psychological, and emotional. Covered entities must ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2022 |
Report No. R47232 |
Title
COVID-19 Supplemental Appropriations for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), 2022: In Brief Updated October 7, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47232 COVID-19 Supplemental Appropriations for HHS Contents President s March 2022 Request, Subsequent Proposals, and Related Developments ................... 1 March Request ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2022 |
Report No. R47279 |
Title
The Department of Energy s Appliance and Equipment Standards Program: Prioritization Options for Addressing the Rulemaking Backlog October 7, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47279 SUMMARY The Department of Energy s Appliance and Equipment Standards Program: Prioritization Options for Addressing the Rulemaking Backlog R47279 October 7, 2022 Martin C. Offutt ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2022 |
Report No. IN12029 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2023 Intelligence Authorization Act: Whistleblower Provisions October 7, 2022 Several provisions in the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence-reported Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (S. 4503) would make changes to laws governing whistleblower protections and procedures in the 18 federal agencies and organizations authorized to conduct intelligence and intelligence ...
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| Date Oct. 7, 2022 |
Report No. IN11204 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Schedule I Status of Marijuana Updated October 7, 2022 The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) places various substances in one of five schedules based on their medical use, potential for abuse, and safety or risk for dependence. The five schedules are progressively ordered with Schedule V substances regarded as the least dangerous and addictive and Schedule I substances considered the ...
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| Date Oct. 6, 2022 |
Report No. R47273 |
Title
Inflation in the U.S. Economy: Causes and Policy Options October 6, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47273 SUMMARY Inflation in the U.S. Economy: Causes and Policy Options The Federal Reserve (Fed) defines stable prices to be inflation (the general rise in the price of goods and services) of 2% annually. After decades of low inflation, inflation has been above ...
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| Date Oct. 6, 2022 |
Report No. IF11404 |
Title
Updated October 6, 2022 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks in U.S. Agriculture Agriculture and land-use activities continue to play a central role in the broader debate about energy and climate policy options in the United States and abroad. Such activities offer opportunities to remove greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the atmosphere, potentially reducing the nation s net emissions: the metric of ...
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| Date Oct. 6, 2022 |
Report No. IF12226 |
Title
October 6, 2022 Environmental, Social, and Governance Funds: SEC Proposed Names Rule Reform On May 25, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) commissioners voted 3-1 to officially propose amendments to its Names Rule governing certain investment fund names. The proposed rulemaking is in response to concerns that the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) funds ...
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| Date Oct. 5, 2022 |
Report No. R44902 |
Title
Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) in the United States Updated October 5, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44902 SUMMARY Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) in the United States Carbon capture and storage (or sequestration) known as CCS is a process intended to capture man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) at its source and store it permanently underground. As ...
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| Date Oct. 5, 2022 |
Report No. IN12027 |
Title
INSIGHTi 2020 Census Delays, Apportionment, and Congressional Redistricting October 5, 2022 Every decade, the apportionment (or reapportionment) process determines the distribution of U.S. House seats across states. The Constitution requires a U.S. population count every 10 years (the federal decennial census) in order to distribute House seats based on each state s population. Once the census and ...
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| Date Oct. 5, 2022 |
Report No. R47274 |
Title
White House Initiative to Advance the Bioeconomy, E.O. 14081: In Brief October 5, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47274 White House Initiative to Advance the Bioeconomy, E.O. 14081: In Brief Introduction1 The bioeconomy is the portion of the economy based on products, services, and processes derived from biological resources (e.g., plants and microorganisms). ...
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| Date Oct. 5, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10706 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Medication Abortion: A Changing Legal Landscape Updated October 5, 2022 Following the Supreme Court s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health Organization, questions have been raised about continued access to medication abortion, a pregnancy termination method involving the use of prescription drugs. Recent attention has centered on the availability of these drugs, as their ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2022 |
Report No. R47240 |
Title
Navigating the Appropriations Status Table Updated October 3, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47240 SUMMARY Navigating the Appropriations Status Table The CRS Appropriations Status Table is an online tool for tracking legislation that provides annual funding for federal programs, projects, and activities. It displays the status of regular appropriations bills, ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2022 |
Report No. R47263 |
Title
Ecosystem Restoration in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act: Overview and Issues for Congress October 3, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47263 SUMMARY Ecosystem Restoration in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act: Overview and Issues for Congress Congressional interest in ecosystem restoration focuses on federal activities for specific geographic ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2022 |
Report No. R47267 |
Title
Patents and Innovation Policy October 3, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47267 SUMMARY Patents and Innovation Policy Encouraging scientific and technological innovation and U.S. economic competitiveness has been a long-standing interest of Congress and other federal policymakers. Motivated by the widely held view that scientific and technological advances drive ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2022 |
Report No. R46703 |
Title
Manufacturing USA: Advanced Manufacturing Institutes and Network Updated October 3, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46703 SUMMARY Manufacturing USA: Advanced Manufacturing Institutes and Network Congress maintains a strong interest in the health of U.S. manufacturing due to its central role in the U.S. economy and national defense. Manufacturing USA is a ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2022 |
Report No. IN12025 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations Confirmed During Lame Duck Sessions of Congress (1940-2021) October 3, 2022 This Insight provides information and analysis related to the number of U.S. circuit and district court nominees confirmed by the Senate during lame duck sessions of Congress from 1940 to 2021. For the purpose of this Insight, a lame duck session is defined as the period ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10834 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Sept. 26 Oct. 2, 2022) October 3, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2022 |
Report No. IN12026 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2023 NDAA: Organic Industrial Base October 3, 2022 The Department of Defense (DOD) oversees a network of government-owned industrial facilities collectively referred to as the organic industrial base (OIB). These facilities produce, store, and dispose of many of the conventional munitions used by the U.S. armed services; they also maintain, overhaul, and repair weapon systems and ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2022 |
Report No. IF12225 |
Title
October 3, 2022 Single-Family Market Rents and Institutional Investors Rent increases for single-family (SF) detached residential property units accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The market demand and supply trends contributing to rising rents and particularly the role and impact of institutional investors in SF rental markets have become topical due to affordability concerns. Increased ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2022 |
Report No. IF11781 |
Title
Updated October 3, 2022 Firearm Background Checks Under H.R. 8 and H.R. 1446 On March 11, 2021, the House has passed two bills (H.R. 8 and H.R. 1446) that would amend the background check provisions of the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA; 18 U.S.C. 921-934). The House also passed nearly identical bills in the 116th Congress (H.R. 8 and H.R. 1112). The Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021 (H.R. 8) ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2022 |
Report No. IN12024 |
Title
INSIGHTi Hurricane Ian Recovery: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources Updated September 30, 2022 Introduction On September 28, 2022 Hurricane Ian made landfall as a Category 4 major hurricane near Cayo Costa, Florida. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the storm has caused an extremely dangerous storm surge, winds, and flooding across the Florida Peninsula, ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2022 |
Report No. IF12223 |
Title
September 30, 2022 National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center The National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center (NCBC), originally established by Congress in 2005 as the National Counter Proliferation Center (NCPC), is one of three mission centers within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), along with the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) and the ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2022 |
Report No. RL31562 |
Title
An Analysis of the Tax Treatment of Capital Losses Updated September 30, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL31562 SUMMARY An Analysis of the Tax Treatment of Capital Losses RL31562 September 30, 2022 Jane G. Gravelle One reason for increasing the net capital loss limit against ordinary income is to restore the value Senior Specialist in Economic Policy of the ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2022 |
Report No. R47265 |
Title
Synthetic/Engineering Biology: Issues for Congress September 30, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47265 SUMMARY Synthetic/Engineering Biology: Issues for Congress Synthetic biology, sometimes referred to as engineering biology, is the application of engineering principles and the use of systematic design tools to enable the reprogramming of cellular systems at ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2022 |
Report No. IF12224 |
Title
September 30, 2022 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2023 Appropriations Introduction The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), an agency within the Department of the Interior (DOI), has a mission to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and plants and their habitats. Congress funds FWS through discretionary and mandatory appropriations. FWS discretionary appropriations typically are ...
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| Date Sept. 30, 2022 |
Report No. R47259 |
Title
Batson v. Kentucky and Federal Peremptory Challenge Law September 30, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47259 SUMMARY Batson v. Kentucky and Federal Peremptory Challenge Law R47259 September 30, 2022 Peter G. Berris Parties in federal court whether in civil or criminal trials have two options to challenge Legislative Attorney potential jurors during jury ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2022 |
Report No. R47256 |
Title
Enhanced Geothermal Systems: Introduction and Issues for Congress September 29, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47256 SUMMARY Enhanced Geothermal Systems: Introduction and Issues for Congress Geothermal power is a type of energy generation technology the United States can use to help meet its future energy needs. U.S. energy use is growing, end uses are ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2022 |
Report No. IF10960 |
Title
Updated September 29, 2022 Medicare Graduate Medical Education Payments: An Overview Medicare makes a significant investment in medical residency training (or graduate medical education, GME). It paid an estimated $16.2 billion in FY2020, primarily to hospitals. The Government Accountability Office found that Medicare is the largest federal source of GME funding, which also includes Medicaid, the ...
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