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| Date Nov. 2, 2022 |
Report No. IF12243 |
Title
November 2, 2022 Unemployment Insurance Program Integrity: Recent Developments Program integrity activities are designed to prevent fraud, waste, and abuse of government resources. The federalstate Unemployment Insurance (UI) system has faced longstanding program integrity challenges. The enhanced UI benefits created by Congress in response to the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated program integrity ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2022 |
Report No. IF12077 |
Title
Updated November 2, 2022 The Major Questions Doctrine Congress frequently delegates authority to agencies to regulate particular aspects of society, in general or broad terms. However, in a number of decisions, the Supreme Court has declared that if an agency seeks to decide an issue of major national significance, its action must be supported by clear congressional authorization. Courts and ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2022 |
Report No. IF11734 |
Title
Updated November 2, 2022 The Federal Contested Election Act: Overview and Recent Contests in the House of Representatives The Federal Contested Election Act (FCEA; 2 U.S.C. 381-396), enacted in 1969, rests at the intersection of federal election law and policy, legislative procedure, and constitutional provisions regarding congressional authority over House elections and membership. FCEA contests ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2022 |
Report No. R41217 |
Title
Presenting Measures to the President for Approval: Possible Delays Updated November 1, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41217 Presenting Measures to the President for Approval: Possible Delays Summary The Constitution requires Congress to present each measure it enacts to the President for approval. While the Constitution requires the President to act on ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IF10639 |
Title
Updated November 1, 2022 Farm Bill Primer: Energy Title Omnibus farm bills have been enacted periodically to address agricultural and food programs. The most recent farm bill the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334; 2018 farm bill) contains 12 titles, including Title IX Energy. The 2018 farm bill is the fourth farm bill to contain an energy title. In preparation for another farm bill ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10838 |
Title
Legal Sidebari State Legislatures, State Courts, and Federal Elections: U.S. Supreme Court to Consider Moore v. Harper Updated November 1, 2022 During the fall 2022 term, the U.S. Supreme Court is scheduled to hear arguments in a case that could significantly affect how states regulate federal elections. In Moore v. Harper, the Court is poised to consider the scope of a state court s authority ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10851 |
Title
Legal Sidebari EMTALA Emergency Abortion Care Litigation: Overview and Initial Observations (Part II of II) November 1, 2022 As discussed in Part I of this Legal Sidebar series, after the Supreme Court decided Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health Organization and state abortion restrictions began going into effect in some states, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) issued a July 2022 ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10850 |
Title
Legal Sidebari EMTALA Emergency Abortion Care Litigation: Overview and Initial Observations (Part I of II) November 1, 2022 After the Supreme Court decided Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health Organization, which overruled Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey in holding that the U.S. Constitution does not confer a right to an abortion, restrictions on abortion access ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2022 |
Report No. R47298 |
Title
Online Consumer Data Collection October 31, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47298 SUMMARY Online Consumer Data Collection Large amounts of consumer data can be collected, processed, and analyzed by operators of websites and mobile applications (apps) and third parties, which are entities other than the website or app primary operator (e.g., data brokers). ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10849 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 24 Oct. 30, 2022) October 31, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2022 |
Report No. IN12041 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2023 NDAA: National Defense Stockpile October 31, 2022 Congress is considering provisions in the House and Senate-committee versions of the Fiscal Year 2023 National Defense Authorization Act (FY2023 NDAA) that would make changes to the National Defense Stockpile (NDS), a department of Defense (DOD)-administered reserve of critical materials. The Housepassed (H.R. 7900) and Senate Armed ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2022 |
Report No. IF12211 |
Title
Updated October 28, 2022 Pakistan s 2022 Floods and Implications for U.S. Interests Overview The summer 2022 floods in Pakistan created a humanitarian crisis and raised environmental and governance issues with implications for U.S. interests. In mid-June, at the beginning of monsoon season, heavy rains flooded areas of Pakistan. Estimates range from double to several times the normal monsoon ...
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| Date Oct. 27, 2022 |
Report No. RL34074 |
Title
The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations Updated October 27, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34074 SUMMARY The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations The Palestinians are an Arab people whose origins are in present-day Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. Congress pays close attention through legislation and oversight to the ongoing conflict ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2022 |
Report No. IN12038 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Federal Role in Apportionment and Congressional Redistricting: CRS Resources October 26, 2022 This Insight is part of a series of podcast episodes and accompanying written products on elections and campaign finance policy. Congressional staff can access the podcast episode on this topic at this link. For other episodes in the series, seeCRS Insight IN12037, Elections and Campaign ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2022 |
Report No. R47294 |
Title
U.S. Aluminum Manufacturing: Industry Trends and Sustainability October 26, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47294 SUMMARY U.S. Aluminum Manufacturing: Industry Trends and Sustainability R47294 October 26, 2022 Christopher D. Watson Aluminum a lightweight, ductile, malleable, and corrosion-resistant metal is a major Analyst in Industrial component used in a wide ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2022 |
Report No. RL34402 |
Title
New Markets Tax Credit: An Introduction Updated October 26, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34402 New Markets Tax Credit: An Introduction Summary The New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) is a nonrefundable tax credit intended to encourage private capital investment in eligible, impoverished, low-income communities. NMTCs are allocated by the Community Development ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2022 |
Report No. IF12240 |
Title
October 26, 2022 Military Readiness: DOD Assessment and Reporting Requirements Military readiness plays an important role in congressional decision-making on a wide array of national security issues. To inform its law-making and oversight activities, Congress requires the Department of Defense (DOD) to regularly assess and report on the readiness of the armed services. Defining Readiness Although ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2022 |
Report No. IN12039 |
Title
INSIGHTi Digital Assets and Illicit Finance: E.O. 14067 and Recent Anti-Money-Laundering Developments October 26, 2022 As part of an effort to shape a whole-of-government approach to address the evolving digital assets policy landscape, President Biden issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14067, Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets, on March 9, 2022. Part of this approach is combating ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2022 |
Report No. R45688 |
Title
Timber Harvesting on Federal Lands Updated October 25, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45688 SUMMARY Timber Harvesting on Federal Lands Congress has granted some federal land management agencies the authority to sell timber from federal lands. Two agencies, the Forest Service (FS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), conduct timber sales as an authorized ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2022 |
Report No. IN12040 |
Title
INSIGHTi New Immigration Policies Related to Venezuelan Migrants October 25, 2022 In FY2022, the Department of Homeland Security s (DHS s) Customs and Border Protection (CBP) recorded 187,716 encounters of Venezuelan nationals at or between ports of entry along the U.S.-Mexico land border, with September marking the highest monthly total ever (33,804). On October 12, 2022, the Biden Administration ...
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| Date Oct. 24, 2022 |
Report No. R47291 |
Title
Potential Enforcement of State Abortion Laws on Federal Property October 24, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47291 SUMMARY Potential Enforcement of State Abortion Laws on Federal Property In the wake of the Supreme Court s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health Organization, a number of state laws now regulate pre-viability abortions. At the same time, ...
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| Date Oct. 24, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10846 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework: Background, Implementation, and Next Steps October 24, 2022 On October 7, 2022, President Biden signed and issued the Executive Order on Enhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activities (the Data Protection EO or the EO). The Data Protection EO is the latest U.S. action to implement the new European Union (EU)-U.S. Data ...
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| Date Oct. 24, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10847 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 17 Oct. 23, 2022) October 24, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date Oct. 24, 2022 |
Report No. IF12239 |
Title
October 24, 2022 FEMA s Role in Logistics Management for Disaster Response The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) plays a key role in responding to domestic emergencies and disasters. Part of FEMA s response role is logistics and supply chain management to ensure supplies such as food and water arrive at areas in need. To fulfill this role, FEMA manages vendor contracts, sources and tracks ...
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| Date Oct. 21, 2022 |
Report No. R47061 |
Title
Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 117th Congress Updated October 21, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47061 Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 117th Congress Introduction The 117th Congress has acted on bills focusing on a range of immigration issues. Much of this legislative activity has occurred in the House. For purposes of this report, bills ...
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| Date Oct. 21, 2022 |
Report No. R43695 |
Title
Small Business Research Programs: SBIR and STTR Updated October 21, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43695 SUMMARY Small Business Research Programs: SBIR and STTR R43695 October 21, 2022 Marcy E. Gallo The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program was established in 1982 by the Small Analyst in Science and Business Innovation Development Act (P.L. 97-219 ...
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| Date Oct. 21, 2022 |
Report No. IN11595 |
Title
INSIGHTi COVID-19 Vaccination: Selected U.S. Data Sources Updated October 21, 2022 The sources below can help congressional staff track the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign. This list reflects selected sources of frequently requested data. Methodologies differ between sources; readers can check websites notes and caveats for more information on how their data were ...
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| Date Oct. 21, 2022 |
Report No. IF12237 |
Title
October 21, 2022 Sanctions Legislation and the Bill of Attainder Clause Article I, Section 9, of the Constitution prohibits Congress from enacting bills of attainder. The Supreme Court has described a bill of attainder as a law that legislatively determines guilt and inflicts punishment upon an identifiable individual without provision of the protections of a judicial trial. Nixon v. Administrator ...
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| Date Oct. 20, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10845 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Americans with Disabilities Act in Cyberspace: Website Accessibility Standards October 20, 2022 Written in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) gives uncertain guidance about businesses and nonprofits responsibility to make their online offerings accessible to the disabled. As explained in a separate Sidebar, courts are divided on whether the parts of the ADA that ...
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| Date Oct. 20, 2022 |
Report No. IN11977 |
Title
INSIGHTi IRS-Related Funding in the Inflation Reduction Act Updated October 20, 2022 Part 3 of Title I, Subtitle A of P.L. 117-169, commonly referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), appropriated to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and related agencies a total of $79.6 billion to remain available through the end of FY2031 to bolster taxpayer services and enforcement of the tax code, ...
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| Date Oct. 20, 2022 |
Report No. IN12034 |
Title
INSIGHTi Transportation of Migrants Facilitated by States October 20, 2022 On September 15, 2022, two planes landed at the airport in Martha s Vineyard, MA, with approximately 50 non-U.S. nationals (aliens, as the term is used in the Immigration and Nationality Act [INA]) who had been released from Department of Homeland Security (DHS) custody. DHS placed the individuals into immigration removal ...
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| Date Oct. 20, 2022 |
Report No. IN12036 |
Title
INSIGHTi A Potential Sequester Under Statutory PAYGO at the End of the 117th Congress October 20, 2022 The most recent statutory PAYGO scorecards, posted by OMB in September 2022, show a potential PAYGO sequester at the end of the current session of Congress that would require across-the-board cuts to offset a debit of approximately $742 billion. This Insight provides a brief overview of statutory ...
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| Date Oct. 20, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10844 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Americans with Disabilities Act in Cyberspace: ADA Applicability to Websites October 20, 2022 In 1990, passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) required businesses nationwide to accommodate people with disabilities. Under the statute s terms, for example, a motion picture house or other place of exhibition or entertainment may not turn someone away because she uses a ...
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| Date Oct. 19, 2022 |
Report No. R47288 |
Title
Statutory Testimony Requirements: Background and Issues for Congress October 19, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47288 SUMMARY Statutory Testimony Requirements: Recent History and Issues for Congress Congress uses a number of tools and strategies to conduct oversight of the executive branch. Recent challenges in several high-profile investigations have caused ...
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| Date Oct. 19, 2022 |
Report No. R46315 |
Title
Congressional Oversight Provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) Updated October 19, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46315 SUMMARY Congressional Oversight Provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act ( ...
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| Date Oct. 19, 2022 |
Report No. R44828 |
Title
The National Security Council: Background and Issues for Congress Updated October 19, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44828 The National Security Council: Background and Issues for Congress Summary On February 4, 2021, President Joseph R. Biden signed National Security Memorandum (NSM)2, Renewing the National Security Council System. In it, the Biden ...
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| Date Oct. 19, 2022 |
Report No. R47287 |
Title
Community Development Block Grant Public Service Expenditure Cap: In Brief October 19, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47287 Community Development Block Grant Public Service Expenditure Cap: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2022 |
Report No. R47286 |
Title
Flooding: Selected Federal Assistance and Programs to Reduce Risk October 18, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47286 SUMMARY Flooding: Selected Federal Assistance and Programs to Reduce Risk Recent flood disasters and concerns about future flood risks have raised congressional and public interest in communities ability to adapt to, withstand, and recover rapidly ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2022 |
Report No. R47283 |
Title
Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2023 (Division A of P.L. 117-180) October 18, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47283 SUMMARY Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2023 (Division A of P.L. 117-180) This report provides an analysis of the continuing appropriations provisions included in the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2023 (Division A of P.L. ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2022 |
Report No. R46973 |
Title
Net Neutrality Law: An Overview Updated October 18, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46973 SUMMARY Net Neutrality Law: An Overview R46973 October 18, 2022 While there is general support for the basic concept of the open internet, net neutrality has been a perennially difficult subject for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission). Chris D. ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2022 |
Report No. IN12033 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2023 NDAA: Military Housing October 18, 2022 Congress may debate several military housing issues during consideration of the FY2023 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). Military housing involves a range of policies and appropriations that support on-base housing infrastructure and provide tax-free housing allowances for some servicemembers to rent or buy homes outside military ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2022 |
Report No. IN11217 |
Title
INSIGHTi Immigration: Public Charge 2022 Final Rule Updated October 18, 2022 Under federal immigration law, a noncitizen (alien) who is likely to become a public charge is deemed inadmissible, or ineligible to be admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent resident (LPR or green card holder). Public charge determinations are made based on the totality of the circumstances for each case. In ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2022 |
Report No. IF12234 |
Title
October 18, 2022 Interfaith Relations and Religious Freedom in Nigeria Nigeria is the world s sixth most populous country, with approximately 220 million people. Its population is highly diverse, encompassing hundreds of ethno-linguistic groups. There are no official data on religious affiliation in Nigeria, but its population is estimated to be fairly evenly split between Muslims and Christians; ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2022 |
Report No. R47284 |
Title
House Standing Committee Chairs and Ranking Members: 104th-117th Congresses October 18, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47284 SUMMARY House Standing Committee Chairs and Ranking Members: 104th-117th Congresses The rules of the House of Representatives (House Rule X) establish its standing committees as permanent legislative panels. Pursuant to this legislative ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2022 |
Report No. R46320 |
Title
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Annual Appropriations Process Updated October 17, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46320 SUMMARY U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Annual Appropriations Process The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is an agency within the Department of Defense with both military and civil works responsibilities. The agency s civil works activities ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2022 |
Report No. R47285 |
Title
Issues in Law Enforcement Reform: Responding to Mental Health Crises October 17, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47285 SUMMARY Issues in Law Enforcement Reform: Responding to Mental Health Crises The manner in which police have handled mental health-related encounters has come under increased scrutiny during the last few decades, especially regarding the use of ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2022 |
Report No. IF11891 |
Title
Updated October 17, 2022 Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a trade agreement, signed in late 2020 after eight years of talks, among the ten members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, and five ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2022 |
Report No. R47281 |
Title
LGBTQ Pride Month: Fact Sheet October 17, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47281 LGBTQ Pride Month: Fact Sheet Contents Background and History .................................................................................................................. 1 Legislation ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10843 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 10 Oct. 16, 2022) October 17, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2022 |
Report No. IF10236 |
Title
Updated October 17, 2022 Laos The Lao People s Democratic Republic (LPDR or Laos) has a population of 7.2 million in a land-locked area around the size of Utah. Laos has been ruled by a single party, the Lao People s Revolutionary Party (LPRP), for more than four decades. Since a 1986 economic opening, Laos has gradually implemented market-based economic reforms, and in 2013, became a member of ...
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