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| Date Sept. 14, 2022 |
Report No. IF12213 |
Title
September 14, 2022 The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and the Office of Special Masters In 1986, Congress passed the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (NCVIA; 42 U.S.C. 300aa-10 300aa-34), which created the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP). The VICP is a no-fault compensation program that allows individuals to file a petition (i.e., a claim for money damages) ...
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| Date Sept. 14, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10819 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Allows Health Plans to Limit Dialysis Benefits September 14, 2022 This past term, the Supreme Court issued a variety of impactful decisions in the health care arena, including some that affect coverage and reimbursement for health care services under federal programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. Among these decisions is Marietta Memorial Hospital Employee Benefit ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2022 |
Report No. R47029 |
Title
Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2022 Appropriations Updated September 13, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47029 SUMMARY Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2022 Appropriations This report offers an overview of actions taken by Congress and the President to provide FY2022 appropriations for accounts funded by the Departments of ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2022 |
Report No. R44307 |
Title
U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet Updated September 13, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44307 U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet esearch and development (R&D) in the United States is funded and performed by a number of sectors including the federal government, state governments, businesses, academia ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2022 |
Report No. R47237 |
Title
Undersea Telecommunication Cables: Technology Overview and Issues for Congress September 13, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47237 SUMMARY Undersea Telecommunication Cables: Technology Overview and Issues for Congress Undersea telecommunication cables enable consumers, businesses, and governments, including the military, to communicate with each other and to ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10818 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Statutory Basis for Biden Administration Student Loan Forgiveness September 13, 2022 On August 24, 2022, President Joe Biden announced a plan to cancel or reduce federal student loan balances for borrowers with annual income in 2020 or 2021 below $125,000 or household income below $250,000 (categorical cancellation). The program will generally offer cancellation of up to $10,000 per ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2022 |
Report No. IF12212 |
Title
September 13, 2022 U.S.-China Auditing Agreement and Issues for Congress On August 26, 2022, securities exchange officials from the United States and the People s Republic of China (PRC or China) announced an agreement on a preliminary auditing framework. This Statement of Protocol between the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and the PRC s China Securities Regulatory ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2022 |
Report No. RL30853 |
Title
Clean Air Act: A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements Updated September 13, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30853 Clean Air Act: A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements Summary This report summarizes the Clean Air Act and its major regulatory requirements. The principal statute addressing air quality concerns, the Clean Air Act was first ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. R44264 |
Title
Prescription Drug Discount Coupons and Patient Assistance Programs (PAPs) Updated September 12, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44264 SUMMARY Prescription Drug Discount Coupons and Patient Assistance Programs (PAPs) R44264 September 12, 2022 Suzanne M. Kirchhoff Analyst in Health Care U.S. pharmaceutical manufacturers fund a variety of programs to help ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10817 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Sept. 5 Sept. 11, 2022) September 12, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IN12009 |
Title
INSIGHTi Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): 1Bromopropane September 12, 2022 In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act (LCSA; P.L. 114-182) amended Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to systematically prioritize chemicals for ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IN12010 |
Title
INSIGHTi Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Asbestos September 12, 2022 In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act (LCSA; P.L. 114-182) amended Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to systematically prioritize chemicals for risk ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IN12011 |
Title
INSIGHTi Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Carbon Tetrachloride September 12, 2022 In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act (LCSA; P.L. 114-182) amended Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to systematically prioritize chemicals ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IN12012 |
Title
INSIGHTi Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): C.I. Pigment Violet 29 September 12, 2022 In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act (LCSA; P.L. 114-182) amended Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to systematically prioritize ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IN12013 |
Title
INSIGHTi Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Cyclic Aliphatic Bromide Cluster September 12, 2022 In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act (LCSA; P.L. 114-182) amended Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to systematically ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IN12014 |
Title
INSIGHTi Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Methylene Chloride September 12, 2022 In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act (LCSA; P.L. 114-182) amended Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to systematically prioritize chemicals ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IN12015 |
Title
INSIGHTi Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): NMethylpyrrolidone September 12, 2022 In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act (LCSA; P.L. 114-182) amended Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to systematically prioritize chemicals ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IN12016 |
Title
INSIGHTi Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Perchloroethylene September 12, 2022 In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act (LCSA; P.L. 114-182) amended Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to systematically prioritize chemicals for ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IN12017 |
Title
INSIGHTi Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Trichloroethylene September 12, 2022 In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act (LCSA; P.L. 114-182) amended Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to systematically prioritize chemicals for ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IF11680 |
Title
Updated September 12, 2022 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Toxicity Assessment of Chemicals The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program in 1985 to consolidate human health toxicity assessments that the agency had prepared in order to implement various pollution control statutes ( ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IF12022 |
Title
Updated September 12, 2022 State and Local Law Enforcement Officer Staffing Some policymakers have raised concerns about a perceived police staffing crisis and what this might mean for public safety. This In Focus provides an overview of state and local law enforcement officer (LEO) staffing levels, a discussion of some factors identified as potentially contributing to LEO attrition, what effect ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2022 |
Report No. IN12008 |
Title
INSIGHTi Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): 1,4Dioxane September 12, 2022 In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act (LCSA; P.L. 114-182) amended Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) to direct the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to systematically prioritize chemicals for risk ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2022 |
Report No. IF10899 |
Title
Updated September 9, 2022 Trends in Active-Duty Military Deaths From 2006 Through 2021 Summary of Deaths Congress has had a sustained interest in military deaths during peacetime and wartime. From 2006 through 2021, a total of 19,378 active-duty servicemembers have died while serving in the U.S. Armed Forces. Of those who died, 24% were killed while serving in in what the Department of Defense ( ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2022 |
Report No. IF12210 |
Title
September 9, 2022 Firearms Eligibility: Domestic Violence and Dating Partners On June 25, 2022, President Joe Biden signed into law the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA; P.L. 117-159). Section 12005 of this law amends the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA; 18 U.S.C. 921-934) to expand the misdemeanor crime of domestic violence (MCDV) firearm prohibition to include dating partners, in addition to ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2022 |
Report No. R46015 |
Title
The POWER Initiative: Energy Transition as Economic Development Updated September 8, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46015 SUMMARY The POWER Initiative: Energy Transition as Economic Development R46015 September 8, 2022 Julie M. Lawhorn Analyst in Economic With the decline of the U.S. coal industry, managing the economic effects of energy Development Policy ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2022 |
Report No. IF11240 |
Title
Updated September 8, 2022 China Primer: Human Rights Overview and U.S. Policy The U.S. Department of State describes the People s Republic of China (PRC) as an authoritarian state in which the Chinese Communist Party [CCP] is the paramount authority. Some analysts argue mainland China is heading in a totalitarian direction, as it is characterized by leadership that is dominated by one person, CCP ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2022 |
Report No. R47236 |
Title
Title 36 Charters: The History and Evolution of Congressional Practices September 8, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47236 SUMMARY Title 36 Charters: The History and Evolution of Congressional Practices Title 36 of the United States Code includes a codification of statutes of federal incorporation, or charters, for more than 90 private or quasi-governmental ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2022 |
Report No. R44711 |
Title
Department of Defense Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E): Appropriations Structure Updated September 7, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44711 Department of Defense Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) Department of Defense Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E): Appropriations Structure R44711 September 7, 2022 John ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2022 |
Report No. IF12208 |
Title
September 7, 2022 Reservations, Understandings, Declarations, and Other Conditions to Treaties Article II, Section 2, clause 2, of the U.S. Constitution (the Treaty Clause) permits the President by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur[.] The Senate, as part of its constitutional role in the treaty-making process, may ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10569 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Insurrection Bar to Office: Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment Updated September 7, 2022 In the aftermath of the events of January 6, 2021, in and around the U.S. Capitol, there have been calls for accountability for those who participated, as well as for those who may have helped instigate it. The breach of the Capitol resulted in numerous injuries, multiple deaths, and ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10815 |
Title
Legal Sidebari An Overview of the Statutory Bars to Asylum: Limitations on Applying for Asylum (Part One) September 7, 2022 Under Section 208 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), codified at 8 U.S.C. 1158, a non-U.S. national (alien as the term is used in the INA) who is physically present in the United States or who arrives in the United States (whether or not at a designated U.S. port ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10816 |
Title
Legal Sidebari An Overview of the Statutory Bars to Asylum: Limitations on Granting Asylum (Part Two) September 7, 2022 Under Section 208 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. 1158(a)(1), a non-U.S. national (alien as the term is used in the INA) who is physically present in the United States or who arrives in the United States (whether or not at a designated U.S. port of entry) ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2022 |
Report No. IN12006 |
Title
INSIGHTi Pipeline Cybersecurity Updated Directives September 7, 2022 The May 2021 ransomware attack against the Colonial Pipeline caused widespread repercussions, including regional gasoline shortages and significant lines at the pump. This was not the first domestic cyberattack to disrupt physical infrastructure, but it was one of the most consequential. Before the attack, the federal government ...
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| Date Sept. 7, 2022 |
Report No. IN12002 |
Title
INSIGHTi Abortion Training for Medical Students and Residents September 7, 2022 The U.S. Supreme Court s Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health Organization decision gives states greater discretion to restrict abortion, and a number of states have subsequently done so. This change has implications for medical training both for medical students attending medical school and for medical residents ...
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| Date Sept. 6, 2022 |
Report No. R47045 |
Title
Section 4 Capacity Building for Community Development and Affordable Housing Program Updated September 6, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47045 SUMMARY Section 4 Capacity Building for Community Development and Affordable Housing Program Multiple federal agencies administer a range of programs and resources designed to support community development activities, ...
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| Date Sept. 6, 2022 |
Report No. IN12001 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Distribution of IRS Enforcement Activity Funded by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 September 6, 2022 P.L. 117-169, commonly referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA 2022), provides $79.6 billion to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and related agencies through FY2031, which is intended to supplement normal annual appropriations. Of that amount, the law dedicates $ ...
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| Date Sept. 6, 2022 |
Report No. IN12003 |
Title
INSIGHTi Inflation Reduction Act of 2022: Incentives for Clean Transportation September 6, 2022 The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 On August 16, 2022, budget reconciliation legislation, commonly known as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA), was signed into law (P.L. 117-169). The IRA contains multiple provisions related to the adoption and deployment of clean transportation technologies, ...
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| Date Sept. 6, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10814 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (August 29 September 4, 2022) September 6, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Sept. 2, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10813 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Proposed HHS Rule Addressing Section 1557 of the ACA s Incorporation of Title IX September 2, 2022 The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recently issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) implementing Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Section 1557 sets out the ACA s antidiscrimination requirements applicable to certain health care-related entities. HHS ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2022 |
Report No. R46853 |
Title
Status of FY2022 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief Updated September 1, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46853 SUMMARY Status of FY2022 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief This report provides a brief summary of the status of FY2022 appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IF11343 |
Title
Updated September 1, 2022 The Law of Immigration Detention: A Brief Introduction The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) authorizes and in some cases requires the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to detain non-U.S. nationals (aliens) who are subject to removal from the United States. This detention scheme is multifaceted, with rules that turn on several factors, such as whether the alien is ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IF12206 |
Title
September 1, 2022 The Allied Democratic Forces, an Islamic State Affiliate in the Democratic Republic of Congo The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) is an armed group primarily active in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). ADF combatants primarily are from Uganda and DRC, with some reportedly from other countries in East Africa. The Islamic State (IS, aka ISIL/ISIS) recognized a pledge of ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IN11999 |
Title
INSIGHTi Law Enforcement Investigations of Extremist Calls to Action on Social Media September 1, 2022 In the wake of government actions that some have viewed as partisan or political such as the U.S. Supreme Court s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women s Health Organization and the Federal Bureau of Investigation s (FBI s) search of former President Trump s residence at Mar-a-Lago there have been ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10554 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Are Temporary Protected Status Recipients Eligible to Adjust Status? Updated September 1, 2022 Certain non-U.S. nationals (aliens, as the term is used in the Immigration and Nationality Act [INA]) who lack a permanent foothold in the United States may pursue adjustment of status and become lawful permanent residents (LPRs). To qualify, an alien must satisfy certain requirements, ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10812 |
Title
Legal Sidebari FBI v. Fazaga: Supreme Court Unanimously Holds That FISA Does Not Displace the State Secrets Privilege September 1, 2022 On March 4, 2022, the Supreme Court unanimously decided that the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) Section 106(f) does not displace the state secrets privilege in Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) v. Fazaga. This Legal Sidebar (1) describes ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2022 |
Report No. R47229 |
Title
Intelligence Coordination on Domestic Terrorism and Violent Extremism: Background and Issues for Congress September 1, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47229 SUMMARY Intelligence Coordination on Domestic Terrorism and Violent Extremism: Background and Issues for Congress This report provides an overview of the evolution of domestic intelligence activities by the ...
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| Date Sept. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IF12203 |
Title
September 1, 2022 Selected Health Provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act Overview On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law P.L. 117-169, a budget reconciliation measure known as the Inflation Reduction Act (the Act). The Act makes widereaching changes to Medicare prescription drug coverage and more targeted changes to Medicaid, the State Children s Health Insurance Coverage Program ( ...
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| Date Aug. 31, 2022 |
Report No. R47231 |
Title
World Trade Organization: TRIPS Waiver for COVID-19 Vaccines August 31, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47231 SUMMARY World Trade Organization: TRIPS Waiver for COVID-19 Vaccines The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spurred pharmaceutical companies to conduct research and development (R&D) to develop vaccines and other medical products in response. ...
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| Date Aug. 31, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10776 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Overview of the American Data Privacy and Protection Act, H.R. 8152 Updated August 31, 2022 On July 20, 2022, the House Energy and Commerce Committee voted 53-2 to advance the American Data Privacy and Protection Act (ADPPA), H.R. 8152, to the full House of Representatives. The ADPPA would create a comprehensive federal consumer privacy framework. Some commentators have noted the ...
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| Date Aug. 30, 2022 |
Report No. R47096 |
Title
U.S. Ground Forces in the Indo-Pacific: Background and Issues for Congress Updated August 30, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47096 SUMMARY U.S. Ground Forces in the Indo-Pacific: Background and Issues for Congress R47096 August 30, 2022 Andrew Feickert Since the end of the Second World War in 1945, the U.S. military has maintained a significant Specialist in ...
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