|
Date ↓
|
Report No.
|
Title |
| Date Dec. 6, 2022 |
Report No. R47325 |
Title
Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act: Data Integration and Individual Rights December 6, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47325 SUMMARY Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act: Data Integration and Individual Rights Computers and information technologies have increased the amount of data that can be collected, stored, and processed. Computers make ...
|
| Date Dec. 6, 2022 |
Report No. R44841 |
Title
Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations Updated December 6, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44841 SUMMARY Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations Venezuela remains in a deep economic and humanitarian crisis under the authoritarian rule of Nicol s Maduro, who has consolidated power since his reelection in a 2018 presidential vote widely deemed fraudulent. ...
|
| Date Dec. 6, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10859 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Recent Developments in Marijuana Law Updated December 6, 2022 Marijuana and other products derived from the cannabis plant are regulated under both federal and state law. In recent years, a significant divide has developed between federal and state regulation. Under the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA), marijuana is strictly regulated and may not legally be used for medical ...
|
| Date Dec. 6, 2022 |
Report No. IF12266 |
Title
December 6, 2022 2022 Nuclear Posture Review On October 27, 2022, the Department of Defense (DOD) published the unclassified 2022 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR). (Unless otherwise noted, all quotations and statements of U.S. positions are from the NPR text). DOD published this review, the first since 2018, in the same document as the 2022 National Defense Strategy and the 2022 Missile Defense ...
|
| Date Dec. 6, 2022 |
Report No. IF11581 |
Title
Updated December 6, 2022 Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19 Beginning in 2020, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic had widespread economic, social, and political effects on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). From the start of the pandemic through early December 2022, the region recorded 1.74 million deaths (over 26% of deaths worldwide). Brazil, Mexico, Peru, ...
|
| Date Dec. 5, 2022 |
Report No. IF11028 |
Title
Updated December 5, 2022 Administration of the House of Representatives: Actions Taken During a New Congress and Following a Majority Change As seen in Table 1, majority party control in the House of Representatives has switched 11 times since 1910, most recently in 2019 (beginning of the 116th Congress). The results of the November 2022 elections have created another anticipated switch in the ...
|
| Date Dec. 5, 2022 |
Report No. R47322 |
Title
Bureau of Land Management Wilderness Study Areas: In Brief December 5, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47322 SUMMARY Bureau of Land Management Wilderness Study Areas: In Brief R47322 December 5, 2022 Anne A. Riddle Congress enacted the Wilderness Act (P.L. 88-577, 16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.) in 1964, creating Analyst in Natural Resources Policy the National ...
|
| Date Dec. 5, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10872 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 28 Dec. 4, 2022) December 5, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
|
| Date Dec. 5, 2022 |
Report No. IN12058 |
Title
INSIGHTi Campaign Finance Estimates and the 2022 Elections December 5, 2022 How campaign finance activity is defined, and how reliable estimates are, varies by source, time period, and methodology. This CRS Insight reviews some recent Federal Election Commission (FEC) data and secondary estimates, and provides links to related CRS products on campaign finance policy and law. Several campaign ...
|
| Date Dec. 5, 2022 |
Report No. IF12264 |
Title
December 5, 2022 Student Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, elementary and secondary schools across the nation closed their doors and pivoted to alternative methods of providing instruction and other services, such as school meals. According to Education Week, by the end of March 2020, all U.S. public school buildings had closed. By May 2020, 48 states ( ...
|
| Date Dec. 2, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10868 |
Title
Legal Sidebari SCOTUS Considers Standards for Government Dismissal of Qui Tam Cases Under the False Claims Act December 2, 2022 On December 6, 2022, the Supreme Court is scheduled to hear oral arguments in a case concerning whether, and under what legal standard, the United States can dismiss a qui tam action brought in its name under the False Claims Act (FCA) after initially declining to take ...
|
| Date Dec. 2, 2022 |
Report No. R47228 |
Title
The American Innovation and Choice Online Act Updated December 2, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47228 SUMMARY The American Innovation and Choice Online Act The competitive practices of large technology companies have attracted considerable congressional attention in recent years. In October 2020, a House subcommittee concluded a 16-month investigation into ...
|
| Date Dec. 2, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10869 |
Title
Legal Sidebari If You Do the Space Crime, You May Do the Space Time December 2, 2022 In recent years, a number of high-profile commercial space flights some of which included celebrity passengers garnered widespread media attention. Moving forward, one company aims to provide hundreds of passenger space flights per year. Another venture promises a civilian lunar orbital mission in 2023. One CEO ...
|
| Date Dec. 2, 2022 |
Report No. IF12262 |
Title
December 2, 2022 F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Engine Options The Department of Defense (DOD) is considering whether to upgrade the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter s (JSF s) existing F135 engine the Engine Enhancement Package (EEP) or to develop and procure a new engine for the aircraft the Adaptive Engine Technology Program (AETP). Congress has long expressed interest in issues relating to the F-35 s ...
|
| Date Dec. 2, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10870 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Ponders Bankruptcy Code s Good-Faith Purchaser Exception December 2, 2022 In MOAC Mall Holdings LLC v. Transform Holdco LLC (MOAC), the Supreme Court will determine whether Section 363(m) of the Bankruptcy Code limits appellate courts jurisdiction to reverse a sale to an entity that purchased property in good faith during a bankruptcy. MOAC also implicates Section 363( ...
|
| Date Dec. 2, 2022 |
Report No. IF10158 |
Title
Updated December 2, 2022 A Snapshot of Federal Student Loan Debt After years of increasing, growth in counts of federal student loan borrowers, average annual amounts borrowed, and average cumulative debt owed appears to be moderating somewhat. Overall, though, more student loan dollars continue to be disbursed than are repaid, resulting in an expanding federal student loan portfolio. Nearly 43 ...
|
| Date Dec. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IN12056 |
Title
INSIGHTi The 118th Congress and the Congressional Review Act Lookback Mechanism December 1, 2022 With a change in party majority taking place in the House of Representatives in the 118th Congress (20232024), there has been renewed interest by some lawmakers in a provision of the Congressional Review Act (CRA, 5 U.S.C. 801-808) commonly known as the CRA lookback mechanism. This provision of the act ...
|
| Date Dec. 1, 2022 |
Report No. R45918 |
Title
Patent-Eligible Subject Matter Reform: Background and Issues for Congress Updated December 1, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45918 SUMMARY Patent-Eligible Subject Matter Reform: Background and Issues for Congress The statutory definition of patent-eligible subject matter under Section 101 of the Patent Act has remained essentially unchanged for more than two ...
|
| Date Dec. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IN12057 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Support for Financially Distressed Hospitals December 1, 2022 Recent reports of hospitals closing or reducing services in urban areas (such as in Atlanta and Cleveland) and ongoing issues of rural hospital closures have raised concerns about access to care. In addition, some hospitals report experiencing financial strain and are reducing services (particularly labor and delivery ...
|
| Date Dec. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IF12260 |
Title
December 1, 2022 The Opioid Crisis in the United States: A Brief History Opioids act on receptors in the brain that are important in regulating pain and emotion. For centuries, opioids have been used as medicines to manage or treat pain. Natural opioids (sometimes referred to as opiates), such as morphine, are derived from the opium poppy plant, while synthetic opioids like methadone and fentanyl ...
|
| Date Dec. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IN11966 |
Title
INSIGHTi Legislation to Avert Railroad Strike Advances Updated December 1, 2022 On November 30, 2022, the House passed two bills intended to resolve a labor dispute affecting over 100,000 employees of six major freight railroads and many smaller ones. This dispute could result in widespread work stoppages as early as December 9. The first bill, H.J.Res. 100, would avert a stoppage by imposing the ...
|
| Date Dec. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IF12230 |
Title
Updated December 1, 2022 National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System (NASAMS) Background As part of past U.S. arms and equipment transfers to Ukraine, the only dedicated air defense system provided has been the FIM-92 Stinger man-portable, disposable, shortrange air defense system. The Biden Administration has announced plans to provide the National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System ( ...
|
| Date Dec. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IF10340 |
Title
Updated December 1, 2022 Commercial Filming and Photography on Federal Lands Commercial filmmakers, videographers, and photographers often seek to use federal lands as locations for their works. Historically, federal land management agencies did not share a consistent approach to regulating commercial filming and photography on their lands. In 2000, P.L. 106206 (codified at 16 U.S.C. 460l-6d and ...
|
| Date Dec. 1, 2022 |
Report No. IF11032 |
Title
Updated December 1, 2022 Budgetary Decisionmaking in Congress Understanding the Congressional Budget Process The Constitution grants Congress enormous power and freedom to engage in what is now referred to as budgeting. First, the Constitution grants Congress the power of the purse but does not prescribe or require specific budgetary legislation or budgetary outcomes. Further, the Constitution ...
|
| Date Nov. 30, 2022 |
Report No. IF12259 |
Title
November 30, 2022 Equity in Innovation: Trends in U.S. Patenting and Inventor Diversity Scholars, policymakers, and administrators have expressed interest in who participates in America s innovation ecosystem the constellation of people, institutions, and enterprises engaged in research and the development of new products and services. They argue that barriers for different groups to participate ...
|
| Date Nov. 29, 2022 |
Report No. R47318 |
Title
Unauthorized Immigrants Eligibility for Federal and State Benefits: Overview and Resources November 29, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47318 Unauthorized Immigrants Eligibility for Federal and State Benefits Contents Title IV of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) ...
|
| Date Nov. 29, 2022 |
Report No. R47290 |
Title
Ukrainian Eligibility for Selected Benefits Based on Immigration Status: In Brief Updated November 29, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47290 Ukrainian Eligibility for Selected Benefits Based on Immigration Status: In Brief ollowing Russia s invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022,1 there has been congressional interest in the types of U.S. immigration statuses ...
|
| Date Nov. 29, 2022 |
Report No. R45175 |
Title
Covert Action and Clandestine Activities of the Intelligence Community: Selected Definitions Updated November 29, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45175 SUMMARY Covert Action and Clandestine Activities of the Intelligence Community: Selected Definitions Congress has defined in statute several definitions of covert action and clandestine activities carried out by ...
|
| Date Nov. 29, 2022 |
Report No. IN12053 |
Title
INSIGHTi TRICARE s 5th Generation Pharmacy Contract: TPharm5 November 29, 2022 The Department of Defense (DOD) administers a Military Health System (MHS) that provides health entitlements authorized in Title 10 of the U.S. Code (Chapters 55 and 56), organized under a program called TRICARE. The TRICARE program offers health care benefits to approximately 9.6 million beneficiaries (servicemembers, ...
|
| Date Nov. 29, 2022 |
Report No. IN12047 |
Title
INSIGHTi What Happened at FTX and What Does It Mean for Crypto? Updated November 29, 2022 On Friday, November 11, FTX Trading Ltd. (FTX) one of the world s largest and most well-known cryptocurrency exchanges announced that it had commenced voluntary proceedings under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in Delaware. Included in the proceedings were FTX US and Alameda Research, a crypto ...
|
| Date Nov. 29, 2022 |
Report No. IN12052 |
Title
INSIGHT SEC Jurisdiction and Perceived Crypto-Asset Regulatory Gap: An FTX Case Study November 29, 2022 FTX Trading, a crypto company once valued at $32 billion, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings in November 2022. Some of FTX s largest investors immediately wrote their FTX investments down to $0. More than a million creditors (including individuals and institutions) are caught up in this ...
|
| Date Nov. 29, 2022 |
Report No. IN12054 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Tax Deduction for Conservation Easement Contributions November 29, 2022 Taxpayers may be able to claim a charitable deduction for donating real property, or certain interests in real property that restrict how land or buildings can be used. These types of donations are referred to as qualified conservation contributions, and include conservation easements, which effectively provide ...
|
| Date Nov. 28, 2022 |
Report No. R47316 |
Title
Federal Hiring of Persons with Disabilities November 28, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47316 SUMMARY Federal Hiring of Persons with Disabilities Congress and various presidential Administrations have recognized a need to increase and improve federal agencies efforts to recruit, hire, and retain persons with disabilities. Impacting the ability to meet this ...
|
| Date Nov. 28, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10867 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 21 Nov. 27, 2022) November 28, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
|
| Date Nov. 28, 2022 |
Report No. IF10551 |
Title
Updated November 28, 2022 A Summary of Federal Education Laws Administered by the U.S. Department of Education Federal Support for Education In the United States, primary responsibility for establishing policy and providing funding for elementary and secondary education rests with the states and instrumentalities therein. Federal financial support typically supplements state and local funding. ...
|
| Date Nov. 23, 2022 |
Report No. IF12256 |
Title
November 23, 2022 Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF): Frequently Asked Questions What Is the Land and Water Conservation Fund? The Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (LWCF Act; 54 U.S.C. 200301 et seq.) was enacted to help preserve, develop, and ensure access to outdoor recreation resources. The law created the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) in the Department of the ...
|
| Date Nov. 23, 2022 |
Report No. R47317 |
Title
Natural Gas Markets Going Global: Changes in Consumption November 23, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47317 Natural Gas Markets Going Global: Changes in Consumption Natural Gas Markets Going Global: Changes in Consumption R47317 November 23, 2022 Michael Ratner The future of natural gas as a fuel for the global economy depends on many factors, including ...
|
| Date Nov. 23, 2022 |
Report No. IN11882 |
Title
INSIGHTi Humanitarian and Refugee Crisis in Ukraine Updated November 23, 2022 Russia s war against Ukraine has triggered a humanitarian crisis and resulted in massive refugee flows to neighboring countries. It has also exacerbated global food insecurity. Congress passed two emergency supplemental appropriations bills in FY2022 (P.L. 117-103, Division N, and P.L. 117-128) that included a combined ...
|
| Date Nov. 22, 2022 |
Report No. R40819 |
Title
Agricultural Research: Background and Issues Updated November 22, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40819 SUMMARY Agricultural Research: Background and Issues R40819 November 22, 2022 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Research, Education, and Economics (REE) mission area funds billions of dollars annually for biological, physical, and social Lisa S. ...
|
| Date Nov. 22, 2022 |
Report No. R47315 |
Title
Small Water Systems: Selected Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Provisions November 22, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47315 SUMMARY Small Water Systems: Selected Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Provisions The nation s public water systems face a range of challenges, including disruptions of safe and reliable water supplies due to cyberattacks or natural hazards, ...
|
| Date Nov. 22, 2022 |
Report No. IF10503 |
Title
Updated November 22, 2022 Constituent Services: Overview and Resources Introduction The priorities and activities of Member offices are varied. In addition to working on legislation and oversight, offices are commonly expected to provide constituent services as part of their representational duties. This expectation began in the earliest Congresses. Following requests for assistance with ...
|
| Date Nov. 22, 2022 |
Report No. IN12030 |
Title
INSIGHTi Political Reforms in Kazakhstan Updated November 22, 2022 Kazakhstan, a U.S. partner in areas such as counterterrorism and regional security, is implementing political reforms as it faces a range of domestic and international challenges. Following unprecedented unrest in January 2022, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has moved to consolidate power while his country confronts difficult ...
|
| Date Nov. 22, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10866 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Survey of State Marriage Laws Related to Same-Sex Marriage November 22, 2022 In 2015, the Supreme Court held in Obergefell v. Hodges that same-sex couples may exercise the fundamental right to marry in all states and that states must accordingly recognize marriages validly performed out-of-state. Many states still have unenforceable constitutional amendments or state statutes that ...
|
| Date Nov. 21, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10863 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 14 Nov. 20, 2022) November 21, 2022 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
|
| Date Nov. 21, 2022 |
Report No. IF12021 |
Title
Updated November 21, 2022 Global Pandemics: Gain-of-Function Research of Concern Introduction Gain-of-Function (GOF) research is a broad area of scientific inquiry where an organism gains a new property or an existing property is altered. The terms gain of function and loss of function refer to any genetic mutation in an organism that either confers a new or enhanced ability or causes the loss of ...
|
| Date Nov. 21, 2022 |
Report No. IN12051 |
Title
INSIGHTi Residential Energy Tax Credits: Changes in 2023 November 21, 2022 P.L. 117-169, commonly referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA), expanded and extended two nonrefundable tax credits meant to encourage individuals to invest in energy efficiency improvements or clean energy in their homes: 1. the energy efficient home improvement credit (previously known as the tax credit ...
|
| Date Nov. 21, 2022 |
Report No. IN12022 |
Title
INSIGHTi Brazil s October 2022 Presidential Election Updated November 21, 2022 Brazil, the world s 7th most populous country and 12th largest economy, held a presidential runoff election on October 30, 2022. Former President Luiz In cio Lula da Silva (Lula, 2003-2010) of the center-left Workers Party (PT) defeated incumbent President Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2022) of the center-right Liberal Party, ...
|
| Date Nov. 21, 2022 |
Report No. LSB10862 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Saving Habeas: Section 2255 s Safety Valve November 21, 2022 Federal inmates looking to challenge their convictions and/or sentences after the conclusion of the trial and direct appeals process usually must file a motion to vacate under 28 U.S.C. 2255. That statute s saving clause, 28 U.S.C. 2255(e), creates a safety valve that allows movants to challenge their convictions and/or ...
|
| Date Nov. 18, 2022 |
Report No. R46752 |
Title
Expiration of the Discretionary Spending Limits: Frequently Asked Questions Updated November 18, 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46752 SUMMARY Expiration of the Discretionary Spending Limits: Frequently Asked Questions In 2011, during a period in which many Members of Congress expressed concern over rising budget deficits, the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA, ...
|
| Date Nov. 18, 2022 |
Report No. IF12255 |
Title
November 18, 2022 Farm Bill Primer: SNAP and Nutrition Title Programs The Nutrition title of the farm bill typically reauthorizes a number of nutrition or domestic food assistance programs, including the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly the Food Stamp Program). These programs were last reauthorized by the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (2018 farm bill; P.L. 115-334). ...
|
