Agricultural Research: Background and Issues (CRS Report for Congress)
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| Release Date |
Revised Nov. 22, 2022 |
| Report Number |
R40819 |
| Report Type |
Report |
| Authors |
Dennis A. Shields, Specialist in Agricultural Policy |
| Source Agency |
Congressional Research Service |
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Summary:
The U.S. Department of Agriculture\'s (USDA\'s) Research, Education, and Economics (REE)\r mission area has the primary federal responsibility of advancing scientific knowledge for\r agriculture through research, education, and extension. USDA REE responsibilities are carried\r out by four agencies: the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), the National Institute of Food and\r Agriculture (NIFA), the Economic Research Service (ERS), and the National Agricultural\r Statistics Service (NASS). USDA administers extramural federal appropriations to states and\r local partners primarily through formula funds and competitive grants.\r Discretionary funding for the REE mission area totaled $2.40 billion in FY2013 (including\r sequestration cuts), down 5.2% from FY2012. Under a constrained budget environment, funding\r has declined each year since FY2010.\r The enacted 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246) directed USDA to reorganize the REE mission area.\r The farm bill created a new entity called the National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA),\r which assumed all programs and authorities from the Cooperative State Research, Education, and\r Extension Service (CSREES). A new competitive grants program for basic and applied research,\r called the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI), was also established by the 2008\r farm bill and is administered by NIFA. The five-year 2008 farm bill also extended and expanded\r mandatory and discretionary funding for specialty and organic crops research, bioenergy\r programs, and pollinator protection programs, among others.\r Bills: H.R. 2642, S. 954
