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| Date Jan. 17, 2023 |
Report No. IF12066 |
Title
Updated January 17, 2023 Russia s Trade and Investment Role in the Global Economy The invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation (Russia) in February 2022 and the expansion of U.S. and international sanctions that followed has heightened congressional interest in understanding Russia s economy, including the composition, direction, and value of its trade and investment flows. Members of ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2023 |
Report No. IN11998 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2023 NDAA: Military Child Care Programs Updated January 17, 2023 The Department of Defense (DOD) operates the largest employer-sponsored child care program in the United States, serving approximately 200,000 children of servicemembers and DOD civilians. It employs about 20,000 child care workers, at an annual cost of over $1 billion. Several child care-related provisions were considered ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2023 |
Report No. IF12238 |
Title
Updated January 17, 2023 Interagency Working Group (IWG) on Coal and Power Plant Communities and Economic Revitalization Congress has provided funding for communities to respond to regional economic challenges associated with changes in energy markets (e.g., power plant closures, declines in coal mining and supply chain business activity). The Biden Administration established the Interagency ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10902 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Transgender Students and School Bathroom Policies: Equal Protection Challenges Divide Appellate Courts January 17, 2023 The Fourteenth Amendment s Equal Protection Clause prohibits states from denying individuals the equal protection of the laws. Transgender students have brought a number of challenges under the Equal Protection Clause against public school boards policies that ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2023 |
Report No. R47387 |
Title
Federal Economic Development Resources for Food Businesses and Systems: In Brief January 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47387 Federal Economic Development Resources for Food Businesses and Systems: In Brief Contents Introduction ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2023 |
Report No. R45160 |
Title
Federal Election Commission: Membership and Policymaking Quorum, In Brief Updated January 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45160 SUMMARY Federal Election Commission: Membership and Policymaking Quorum, In Brief The Federal Election Commission (FEC) is the nation s civil campaign finance regulator. The agency ensures that campaign fundraising and spending is ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2023 |
Report No. R47386 |
Title
Earthquakes Induced by Underground Fluid Injection and the Federal Role in Mitigation January 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47386 SUMMARY Earthquakes Induced by Underground Fluid Injection and the Federal Role in Mitigation Human activities, including underground fluid injection activities, may cause earthquakes (known as induced earthquakes). Underground ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10900 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Nineteenth Amendment and Women s Suffrage Part 5: Supreme Court Interpretations January 13, 2023 This Legal Sidebar is the fifth in a six-part series that discusses the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which recognized women s voting rights. Shortly before Election Day 2022, a group of people gathered in Rochester, New York, to honor the late social reformer and women s ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2023 |
Report No. RS22954 |
Title
The Unemployment Trust Fund (UTF): State Insolvency and Federal Loans to States Updated January 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22954 The Unemployment Trust Fund (UTF): State Insolvency and Federal Loans to States Summary States have a great deal of autonomy in how they establish and run their unemployment insurance programs. However, federal law requires ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2023 |
Report No. IF12309 |
Title
January 13, 2023 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Infrastructure Programs and FY2023 Appropriations Many policymakers and stakeholders have raised concerns about the condition of the nation s local drinking water and wastewater infrastructure and the financial challenges that communities may confront in maintaining, repairing, or replacing aging infrastructure. In 2016, the U.S. ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10901 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Nineteenth Amendment and Women s Suffrage Part 6: Impacts Beyond the Supreme Court January 13, 2023 This Legal Sidebar is the last in a six-part series that discusses the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which recognized women s voting rights. Shortly before Election Day 2022, a group of people gathered in Rochester, New York, to honor the late social reformer and women ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10897 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Nineteenth Amendment and Women s Suffrage Part 2: The Founding Era and the Civil War January 13, 2023 This Legal Sidebar is the second in a six-part series that discusses the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which recognized women s voting rights. Shortly before Election Day 2022, a group of people gathered in Rochester, New York, to honor the late social reformer and ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10896 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Nineteenth Amendment and Women s Suffrage Part 1: Introduction January 13, 2023 This Legal Sidebar is the first in a six-part series that discusses the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which recognized women s voting rights. Shortly before Election Day 2022, a group of people gathered in Rochester, NY, to honor the late social reformer and women s rights activist, Susan ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10898 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Nineteenth Amendment and Women s Suffrage Part 3: The Reconstruction Era January 13, 2023 This Legal Sidebar is the third in a six-part series that discusses the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which recognized women s voting rights. Shortly before Election Day 2022, a group of people gathered in Rochester, New York, to honor the late social reformer and women s rights ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10899 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Nineteenth Amendment and Women s Suffrage Part 4: The Progressive Era and Ratification January 13, 2023 This Legal Sidebar is the fourth in a six-part series that discusses the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which recognized women s voting rights. Shortly before Election Day 2022, a group of people gathered in Rochester, New York, to honor the late social reformer and ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2023 |
Report No. R47385 |
Title
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trends and Projections from the Inflation Reduction Act January 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47385 SUMMARY U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trends and Projections from the Inflation Reduction Act R47385 January 12, 2023 Jonathan L. Ramseur Pursuant to international climate change treaty obligations, the United States submitted ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2023 |
Report No. IF11308 |
Title
Updated January 12, 2023 USMCA: Labor Provisions The U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) entered into force on July 1, 2020, replacing the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). USMCA establishes new and updated provisions on the protection of worker rights and enforcement of labor commitments. Congress approved implementing legislation for USMCA (H.R. 5430) on December 19, 2019. ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2023 |
Report No. R47384 |
Title
Changes to House Rules Affecting the Congressional Budget Process Included in H.Res. 5 (118th Congress) January 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47384 Changes to House Rules Affecting the Congressional Budget Process (118th Congress) Contents Rules Changes Related to the Consideration of Tax Legislation..................................................... 1 ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2023 |
Report No. IN11973 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2023 NDAA: Selective Service and Draft Registration Updated January 12, 2023 Background Several provisions in the Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC)-reported National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (NDAA; S. 4543) would have amended the Military Selective Service Act (MSSA; 50 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.). The MSSA provides statutory authority for the federal government to ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2023 |
Report No. IF11869 |
Title
Updated January 12, 2023 An Introduction to Oversight of Offices of Inspector General Who watches the watchers? is a frequently posed question when people consider the role of oversight bodies, including offices of inspector general (OIGs). However, the organization of OIGs may pose unique challenges that make it more difficult to conduct oversight of their activities. In particular, the level of ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2023 |
Report No. IN11991 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2023 NDAA: TRICARE for Reservists Updated January 12, 2023 Background Since September 11, 2001, Congress has enacted a number of new or modified benefits tailored for certain Selected Reserve members (i.e., drilling reservists) and their dependent family members. These benefits include expanded eligibility for health care benefits offered through the TRICARE program. Most drilling ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2023 |
Report No. IF10290 |
Title
Updated January 12, 2023 Tajikistan Overview Tajikistan is a landlocked Central Asian country that borders four other states, including China and Afghanistan, and maintains close ties with Russia. Formerly a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became independent in 1991. The country s long border with Afghanistan and the specter of spreading regional instability draw interest in ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2023 |
Report No. IF10303 |
Title
Updated January 12, 2023 Turkmenistan Overview Turkmenistan is an authoritarian Central Asian country rich in hydrocarbons that borders the Caspian Sea and four other countries, including Afghanistan and Iran. Since becoming independent with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Turkmenistan s government has kept the country largely isolated from the outside world and maintained tight ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2023 |
Report No. R47383 |
Title
Federal Assistance for Nonfederal Dam Safety January 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47383 SUMMARY Federal Assistance for Nonfederal Dam Safety Nonfederal entities (e.g., state or local governments, public utilities, private entities) own most dams in the United States: 97% of the more than 91,000 dams in the National Inventory of Dams (NID). Although these ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IN12076 |
Title
INSIGHTi Recent Trends in Wages and Productivity January 11, 2023 Productivity growth is an important determinant in long-term wage growth. In 2022, labor productivity growth and real wage growth have been negative, a concern for many policymakers. This CRS Insight discusses the theoretical relationship between productivity and wages and the historical and recent trends of the two. For more ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IF11658 |
Title
Updated January 11, 2023 The Good Neighbor Authority on Federal Lands The Good Neighbor Authority allows the Forest Service (FS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to authorize states, counties, and federally recognized Indian tribes to conduct certain projects on federal lands in pursuit of specified land management goals (16 U.S.C. 2113a). The authority allows FS and BLM to collaborate with ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IN12075 |
Title
INSIGHTi Is the United States Experiencing a Wage-Price Spiral? January 11, 2023 Recent high inflation and nominal wage growth has sparked a debate about whether the United States is currently in a wage-price spiral. A wage-price spiral is said to occur when expectations of inflation become embedded in decisionmaking on the part of workers, who demand higher wages to compensate themselves for ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IN12077 |
Title
INSIGHTi Southwest Airlines Disruptions and Airline Consumer Protection Rules January 11, 2023 Southwest Airlines extensive flight cancellations and significant delays over the December 2022 holiday period disrupted holiday travel and stranded numerous passengers, many of whom had to find alternative ways to reach their destinations. On December 29, 2022, Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2023 |
Report No. R47380 |
Title
Average Wage Growth and Related Economic Trends in 2022 January 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47380 SUMMARY Average Wage Growth and Related Economic Trends in 2022 The economy in 2022 has been marked by high inflation and a tight labor market. While yearover-year average hourly earnings growth has reached some of the highest levels seen in decades in ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10895 |
Title
Legal Sidebari New FCC Rules Ban Authorizations for Equipment Posing National Security Risks January 11, 2023 On November 25, 2022, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) released new rules restricting equipment that poses national security risks from being imported to or sold in the United States. Under the new rules, the FCC will not issue new authorizations for telecommunications equipment ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2023 |
Report No. R47381 |
Title
A Comparison of Selected Official Wage Measures January 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47381 SUMMARY A Comparison of Selected Official Wage Measures The U.S government produces several different wage and wage-related measures, each with its own source data, methodology, and uses. Wages can be a catchall term for several different concepts, including actual ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IF10251 |
Title
Updated January 11, 2023 Kazakhstan Overview Kazakhstan, a U.S. partner in areas such as counterterrorism, regional security, and nuclear nonproliferation, is a strategically situated country with significant hydrocarbon and mineral resources. It shares borders with Russia to the north and China to the east (see Figure 1). Although sparsely populated, Kazakhstan is the world s ninth-largest ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10635 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The FTC s Competition Rulemaking Authority Updated January 11, 2023 On January 5, 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed a rule that would prohibit noncompete clauses in employment contracts. The proposal relies on the FTC s putative authority to issue rules defining unfair methods of competition (UMC) under Sections 5 and 6(g) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC Act ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2023 |
Report No. R46240 |
Title
Introduction to the Federal Budget Process Updated January 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46240 SUMMARY Introduction to the Federal Budget Process R46240 January 10, 2023 Under the U.S. Constitution, Congress exercises the power of the purse. This power is expressed through the application of several provisions. The power to lay and collect James V. ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2023 |
Report No. R47243 |
Title
U.S. Government Procurement and International Trade Updated January 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47243 SUMMARY U.S. Government Procurement and International Trade The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the global supply chain issues it brought to light revealed that the U.S. government relies heavily on foreign manufacturers and suppliers ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2023 |
Report No. R46468 |
Title
A Brief Overview of the Congressional Budget Process Updated January 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46468 SUMMARY A Brief Overview of the Congressional Budget Process R46468 January 10, 2023 James V. Saturno Specialist on Congress and Under the U.S. Constitution, Congress exercises the power of the purse. This power is the Legislative Process expressed ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2023 |
Report No. R47220 |
Title
Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2023: In Brief Updated January 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47220 Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2023: In Brief Contents The FY2023 DHS Appropriations Process...................................................................................... 1 Annual Appropriations ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2023 |
Report No. R46688 |
Title
Pandemic Relief: The Emergency Rental Assistance Program Updated January 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46688 SUMMARY Pandemic Relief: The Emergency Rental Assistance Program In response to concerns about the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on renters and their landlords, Congress created a $25 billion Emergency Rental Assistance (ERA) program in ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2023 |
Report No. IF11945 |
Title
Updated January 10, 2023 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Supplemental Appropriations The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is a Department of Defense agency with civil works responsibilities, consisting largely of projects to maintain navigable channels, reduce flood and storm damage, and restore aquatic ecosystems. USACE also has a role in responding to natural disasters, especially floods. This ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2023 |
Report No. 97-139 |
Title
Crime and Forfeiture Updated January 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 97-139 Crime and Forfeiture Summary Modern forfeiture is a creature of statute that calls for the confiscation of certain property related to a criminal offense. Forfeiture has long been a law enforcement tool in the United States. Congress and state legislatures have authorized its use for ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2023 |
Report No. IF12308 |
Title
January 10, 2023 Free Speech: When and Why Content-Based Laws Are Presumptively Unconstitutional The First Amendment s Free Speech Clause prohibits the government from suppressing or requiring adherence to particular ideas or messages. U.S. CONST. amend. I. The Supreme Court has recognized that laws restricting or compelling speech based on its content have the potential to expel certain ideas or ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2023 |
Report No. RS22005 |
Title
Crime and Forfeiture: In Short Updated January 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22005 Crime and Forfeiture: In Short Summary Modern forfeiture is a creature of statute that calls for the confiscation of certain property related to a criminal offense. Forfeiture has long been a tool of law enforcement in the United States. Congress and state legislatures ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2023 |
Report No. R44736 |
Title
The Holman Rule (House Rule XXI, Clause 2(b)) Updated January 10, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44736 The Holman Rule (House Rule XXI, Clause 2(b)) Summary Although congressional rules establish a general division of responsibility under which questions of policy are kept separate from questions of funding, House rules provide for exceptions in certain ...
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| Date Jan. 10, 2023 |
Report No. IF10302 |
Title
Updated January 10, 2023 Uzbekistan Overview Uzbekistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia that became independent with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Because it has the largest population in the region and is the only country that borders all four other Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan), many analysts see Uzbekistan as a ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2023 |
Report No. R47027 |
Title
Education Stabilization Fund Programs Funded by the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA: Background and Analysis Updated January 9, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47027 SUMMARY Education Stabilization Fund Programs Funded by the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA: Background and Analysis From March 2020 through March 2021, the enactment of three laws provided increasing ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2023 |
Report No. R41368 |
Title
Turkey (T rkiye): Background and U.S. Relations Updated January 9, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41368 SUMMARY Turkey (T rkiye): Background and U.S. Relations R41368 January 9, 2023 Jim Zanotti U.S. relations with Turkey (T rkiye) take place within a complicated geopolitical environment Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs and with Turkey in economic ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2023 |
Report No. R45242 |
Title
Private Flood Insurance and the National Flood Insurance Program Updated January 9, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45242 Private Flood Insurance and the National Flood Insurance Program Summary The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is the main source of primary flood insurance coverage in the United States, collecting over $4.6 billion in premiums, fees, ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2023 |
Report No. RL31943 |
Title
Budget Enforcement Procedures: The Senate Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule Updated January 9, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL31943 SUMMARY Budget Enforcement Procedures: The Senate Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule The Senate pay-as-you-go, or PAYGO, rule prohibits consideration of legislation that is projected to increase on-budget deficits in any of the following four ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2023 |
Report No. IF12301 |
Title
January 9, 2023 Congress and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA, 5 U.S.C. 552) is often referred to as the embodiment of the people s right to know about the activities and operations of government. It established a statutory presumption of public access to information held by executive branch agencies. Enacted in 1966, FOIA generally allows any person ...
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| Date Jan. 9, 2023 |
Report No. IN12071 |
Title
INSIGHTi Israel: Netanyahu s Return to Power and New Coalition Partners January 9, 2023 On December 29, 2022, Israel s Knesset voted to reinstall Likud party leader Benjamin Netanyahu for a third stint as prime minister (his previous terms were 1996-1999 and 2009-2021). He heads a coalition government that includes ultra-nationalist and ultra-Orthodox parties (see Figure 1). Figure 1. November ...
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