Federal Civil Aviation Programs: In Brief (CRS Report for Congress)
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| Release Date |
Revised June 23, 2022 |
| Report Number |
R42781 |
| Report Type |
Report |
| Authors |
Bart Elias, Specialist in Aviation Policy |
| Source Agency |
Congressional Research Service |
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Summary:
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) programs and activities are funded under four broad
budget accounts: operations and maintenance (such as air traffic control and aviation safety
fu
nctions); facilities and equipment (such as control towers and navigation beacons); grants for
airport improvements under the
A
irport
I
mprovement
P
rogram
(AIP)
; and civil aviation research
and development conducted or sponsored by FAA. Additionally,
certai
n
aviation programs
are
administered by the Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of the Secretary, including the
Essential Air Service
(EAS) p
rogram, which
subsidizes airline service to certain small
or
isolated
communities. These programs are funded
primarily through a special trust fund, the
A
irport and
A
irways
T
rust
F
und (AATF)
,
and, in part, through general fund contributions.
Other federal entities also play significant roles in civil aviation. These include the National
Aeronautics and Space
Administration, which conducts extensive research on civil aeronautics;
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which provides research and operational
support to FAA regarding aviation weather forecasting; the Transportation Security
Administ
ration in the Department of Homeland Security, which has authority over civil aviation
security; and the National Transportation Safety Board, which investigates aviation accidents and
makes safety recommendations to FAA. These programs are not considered
in this report. This
report focuses on FAA and DOT civil avi
ation programs addressed in the
FAA
Extension, Safety,
and Security Act of 2016
(
P.L. 114
-
190
), enacted on July
15, 2016
, which authorizes AATF taxes
and revenue collections and civil aviation pro
gram expenditures through FY2017
.
A subsequent
six
-
month extension (
P.L. 115
-
63
) is set t
o expire at the end of March 2018.
