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Date Report No. Title
Date Oct. 16, 2023 Report No. IF12509 Title

Church Tax Benefits

October 16, 2023 Church Tax Benefits Under the federal tax system, organizations that qualify as churches under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 170(b)(1)(A)(i) receive more favorable tax treatment than other tax-exempt organizations. For example, the IRC generally subjects churches to fewer filing obligations than other tax-exempt organizations, restricts the government s ability to conduct ...

Date Oct. 13, 2023 Report No. R44918 Title

Who Regulates Whom? An Overview of the U.S. Financial Regulatory Framework

Who Regulates Whom? An Overview of the U.S. Financial Regulatory Framework Updated October 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44918 SUMMARY Who Regulates Whom? An Overview of the U.S. Financial Regulatory Framework R44918 October 13, 2023 Marc Labonte Specialist in The financial regulatory system has been described as fragmented, with multiple overlapping ...

Date Oct. 13, 2023 Report No. LSB11056 Title

Legal Authority for Sending Seized Ammunition to Ukraine

Legal Sidebari Legal Authority for Sending Seized Ammunition to Ukraine October 13, 2023 On October 4, 2023, the Administration announced that it had sent to Ukraine over one million rounds of ammunition, seized from a flagless vessel on its way from Iran to Yemen. The announcement did not specifically identify the legal authority for the transfer, but the announcement and a court document filed ...

Date Oct. 12, 2023 Report No. R47752 Title

Mass Timber: Overview and Issues for Congress

Mass Timber: Overview and Issues for Congress October 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47752 SUMMARY Mass Timber: Overview and Issues for Congress R47752 October 12, 2023 Anne A. Riddle Analyst in Natural Mass timber is a class of engineered wood products made into structural pieces of much larger Resources Policy sizes and more diverse shapes than can be ...

Date Oct. 12, 2023 Report No. R47753 Title

Liability for Algorithmic Recommendations

Liability for Algorithmic Recommendations October 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47753 SUMMARY Liability for Algorithmic Recommendations R47753 October 12, 2023 A key feature of many websites and online services is the use of algorithm-based systems to select content that may be of interest to the website s users (recommendation systems or Eric N. Holmes ...

Date Oct. 12, 2023 Report No. IF12070 Title

China Primer: Hong Kong

Updated October 12, 2023 China Primer: Hong Kong Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the People s Republic of China (PRC, or China). The United Kingdom (UK) established Hong Kong as colony in 1841, and administered it until 1997 when the UK transferred it to the PRC. The PRC agreed that after the handover, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong, or HKSAR) would retain a ...

Date Oct. 11, 2023 Report No. R47749 Title

Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2024 (Division A of P.L. 118-15)

Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2024 (Division A of P.L. 118-15) October 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47749 SUMMARY Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2024 (Division A of P.L. 118-15) On September 30, 2023, the President signed H.R. 5860 into law as P.L. 118-15. Division A of the act provides continuing appropriations for all 12 of ...

Date Oct. 11, 2023 Report No. IF10901 Title

Child Soldiers Prevention Act: Security Assistance Restrictions

Updated October 11, 2023 Child Soldiers Prevention Act: Security Assistance Restrictions The recruitment and use of children in armed conflict is broadly viewed as a human rights problem, a form of trafficking in persons, among the worst forms of child labor, and a war crime. The United Nations (U.N.) has identified the recruitment and use of child soldiers as among six grave violations affecting ...

Date Oct. 11, 2023 Report No. IF11544 Title

Overview of Assisted Living Facilities

Updated October 11, 2023 Overview of Assisted Living Facilities Assisted living is a term often applied to community-based residential settings that provide housing and meals (i.e., room and board), as well as various long-term services and supports (LTSS), to older adults and individuals with disabilities. LTSS can include personal care, medication assistance, and housekeeping, as well as social ...

Date Oct. 10, 2023 Report No. LSB11055 Title

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (October 2, 2023-October 9, 2023)

Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (October 2, 2023 October 9, 2023) October 10, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of ...

Date Oct. 10, 2023 Report No. IN12262 Title

Israel and Hamas: Major Conflict After Surprise Attacks

INSIGHTi Israel and Hamas: Major Conflict After Surprise Attacks October 10, 2023 Overview On October 7, 2023, Gaza Strip-based militants led by the Palestinian Sunni Islamist group Hamas (a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization, or FTO) engaged in a series of surprise attacks by land, sea, and air against Israel (see Figure 1). The assault targeted Israeli military bases and civilian ...

Date Oct. 10, 2023 Report No. IF11531 Title

Defense Primer: National Security Space Launch

Updated October 10, 2023 Defense Primer: National Security Space Launch Introduction The U.S. Department of Defense s (DOD s) Launch Enterprise consists of two programs: National Security Space Launch (NSSL), which acquires launch services for heavy and medium lift class national security satellites and other assets, and the Rocket System Launch Program, which provides procurement of small launch ...

Date Oct. 10, 2023 Report No. IF12507 Title

Snakes on a Plane, in an Apartment, or at the Supermarket? Assistance Animals Under Three Federal Statutes

October 10, 2023 Snakes on a Plane, in an Apartment, or at the Supermarket? Assistance Animals Under Three Federal Statutes People with disabilities commonly request permission to be accompanied by an assistance animal at a range of locations, from airplanes to supermarkets to apartment buildings. The legal requirements that apply to these requests can vary by animal species, disability, and ...

Date Oct. 6, 2023 Report No. R43767 Title

The Defense Production Act of 1950: History, Authorities, and Considerations for Congress

The Defense Production Act of 1950: History, Authorities, and Considerations for Congress Updated October 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43767 SUMMARY The Defense Production Act of 1950: History, Authorities, and Considerations for Congress The Defense Production Act (DPA) of 1950 (P.L. 81-774, 50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.), as amended, confers upon the President ...

Date Oct. 6, 2023 Report No. IF10151 Title

Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act: Overview and Issues

Updated October 6, 2023 Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act: Overview and Issues Overview The Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (FLREA; 16 U.S.C. 6801-6814) authorizes five agencies to charge and collect recreation fees on federal recreational lands and waters. The agencies are the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), ...

Date Oct. 5, 2023 Report No. R43216 Title

Security Clearance Process: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions

Security Clearance Process: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Updated October 5, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43216 Security Clearance Process: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Summary This report provides a primer on some of the fundamental aspects of the security clearance process using a Frequently Asked Questions format. A security clearance is ...

Date Oct. 5, 2023 Report No. IF10222 Title

Medicaid's Institution for Mental Diseases (IMD) Exclusion

Updated October 5, 2023 Medicaid s Institution for Mental Diseases (IMD) Exclusion Medicaid is a joint federal-state program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services, as well as long-term services and supports, for a diverse low-income population, including children, pregnant women, adults, individuals with disabilities, and people aged 65 and older. Medicaid s IMD ...

Date Oct. 4, 2023 Report No. IN12159 Title

Post-Title 42: U.S. Foreign Policy Initiatives to Manage Regional Migration

INSIGHTi Post-Title 42: U.S. Foreign Policy Initiatives to Manage Regional Migration Updated October 4, 2023 In FY2023, U.S. Customs and Border Protection apprehensions at the Southwest border exceeded 2.2 million through August 2023, with the majority of an increasingly diverse pool of migrants originating from Latin America and the Caribbean. Polls indicate that the desire to migrate among ...

Date Oct. 4, 2023 Report No. IF10926 Title

Mongolia

Updated October 4, 2023 Mongolia Overview Mongolia is a landlocked country that shares borders with two powerful neighbors, Russia and China. With a population of about 3.3 million and a land area slightly smaller than Alaska, Mongolia is the most sparsely inhabited country in the world. About half of the country s population lives in the capital, Ulaanbaatar. While Mongolians were traditionally ...

Date Oct. 3, 2023 Report No. IF10859 Title

The Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA)

Updated October 3, 2023 The Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA) In 1982, Congress passed the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA; P.L. 97-348; 16 U.S.C. 3501-3510), which established the Coastal Barrier Resources System (System). It declared the purpose of CBRA to be to minimize the loss of human life, wasteful expenditure of Federal revenues, and the damage to fish, wildlife, and other natural ...

Date Oct. 3, 2023 Report No. LSB11054 Title

Recent Developments in the Federal Multipronged Approach to Solar and Wind Energy

Legal Sidebari Recent Developments in the Federal Multipronged Approach to Solar and Wind Energy October 3, 2023 In the opening days of the Biden Administration, the President issued Executive Order 14008, directing the Administration to focus on actions to address climate change. In the wake of this directive, the federal government has taken actions to encourage the deployment of renewable ...

Date Oct. 2, 2023 Report No. RL33533 Title

Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations

Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations Updated October 2, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33533 SUMMARY Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations The kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ruled by the Al Saud family since its founding in 1932, wields global influence through its administration of the birthplace of the Islamic faith and by virtue of its large oil ...

Date Oct. 2, 2023 Report No. RL32207 Title

Commonly Used Motions and Requests in the House of Representatives

Commonly Used Motions and Requests in the House of Representatives Updated October 2, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32207 Commonly Used Motions and Requests in the House of Representatives Summary This report identifies the most commonly used motions and requests available to Members during proceedings in the House of Representatives. It does not identify ...

Date Oct. 2, 2023 Report No. LSB11053 Title

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (September 25, 2023–October 1, 2023)

Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (September 25, 2023 October 1, 2023) October 2, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of ...

Date Oct. 2, 2023 Report No. 98-411 Title

Questions of Privilege in the House

Questions of Privilege in the House Updated October 2, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-411 Questions of Privilege in the House Contents Questions of the Privileges of the House .................................................................................. 1 Questions of Personal Privilege ...

Date Oct. 2, 2023 Report No. IF12506 Title

The UAW-Automakers Labor Dispute and Taft-Hartley's National Emergency Provisions

October 2, 2023 The UAW-Automakers Labor Dispute and Taft-Hartley s National Emergency Provisions Introduction On September 22, 2023, union workers at 38 General Motors and Stellantis parts warehouses in 20 states walked off their jobs and joined an ongoing strike against the two automakers and Ford Motor Company. One week earlier, workers at three factories began to strike after the International ...

Date Oct. 2, 2023 Report No. IF10427 Title

Overview of Long-Term Services and Supports

Updated October 2, 2023 Overview of Long-Term Services and Supports What Are Long-Term Services and Supports? Long-term services and supports (LTSS) refers to a broad range of health and health-related services and supports needed by individuals who lack the capacity for self-care due to a physical, cognitive, or mental disability or condition. Often an individual s disability or condition results ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. R47217 Title

Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs): Overview and Selected Issues

Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs): Overview and Selected Issues Updated September 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47217 SUMMARY Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs): Overview and Selected Issues R47217 September 29, 2023 Darryl E. Getter Specialist in Financial The Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. R47745 Title

Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2023 Appropriations: Independent Agencies and General Provisions

Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2023 Appropriations: Independent Agencies and General Provisions September 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47745 SUMMARY Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2023 Appropriations: Independent Agencies and General Provisions R47745 September 29, 2023 Baird Webel, Coordinator Acting Section ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. R47170 Title

Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2023 Appropriations: Overview

Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2023 Appropriations: Overview Updated September 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47170 SUMMARY Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2023 Appropriations: Overview The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Treasury, the ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. R47728 Title

Military Housing

Military Housing September 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47728 SUMMARY Military Housing R47728 September 25, 2023 The Department of Defense (DOD) provides housing to active-duty servicemembers as a component of service agreements and compensation packages. DOD considers housing to be an Andrew Tilghman important quality-of-life factor, in part because it ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. IN12260 Title

Offices of Inspector General and Government Shutdowns

INSIGHTi Offices of Inspector General and Government Shutdowns September 29, 2023 Like other entities across the federal government, many Offices of Inspector General (OIGs) receive at least a portion of their operating funds via the annual appropriations process and, therefore, may be subject to shutdowns caused by lapses in those appropriations. This Insight provides a broad overview, with ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. IN12261 Title

The Appointment of Hispanic U.S. Circuit and District Court Judges: Historical Overview and Analysis

INSIGHTi The Appointment of Hispanic U.S. Circuit and District Court Judges: Historical Overview and Analysis September 29, 2023 This Insight provides historical and statistical information related to the appointment of Hispanic U.S. circuit and district court judges. For the purposes of this Insight, the term Hispanic refers to individuals of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. LSB11002 Title

Allen v. Milligan: Supreme Court Holds That Alabama Redistricting Map Likely Violated Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act

Legal Sidebari Allen v. Milligan: Supreme Court Holds That Alabama Redistricting Map Likely Violated Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act Updated September 29, 2023 On June 8, 2023, the Supreme Court in Allen v. Milligan affirmed two federal district court rulings that preliminarily enjoined the State of Alabama from holding elections under its congressional redistricting map because the map likely ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. LSB11048 Title

International Agreements (Part I): Overview and Agreement-Making Process

Legal Sidebari International Agreements (Part I): Overview and Agreement-Making Process September 29, 2023 This Legal Sidebar is the first in a three-part series on international agreements and their relationship with the U.S. legal system. The Constitution vests the power to make treaties with the President acting by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, but the United States does not ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. LSB11050 Title

International Agreements (Part III): Transparency Measures

Legal Sidebari International Agreements (Part III): Transparency Measures September 29, 2023 This Legal Sidebar discusses legislative measures to increase transparency into the United States international commitments. It is the third installment in a three-part series on international agreements in the U.S. legal system. Part I introduces the primary forms of international instruments and the ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. R43590 Title

Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and OMB

Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and OMB Updated September 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43590 Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and OMB Summary This report describes online tools, reports, and data compilations created by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) that contain statistics about ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. LSB11049 Title

International Agreements (Part II): Examining Tools for Congressional Influence Over International Instruments

Legal Sidebari International Agreements (Part II): Examining Tools for Congressional Influence Over International Instruments September 29, 2023 This Legal Sidebar examines options for Congress to influence international instruments. It is the second in a three-part series on international agreements in the U.S. legal system. Part I introduces the primary of forms of international instruments and ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. LSB10922 Title

Generative Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Law

Legal Sidebari Generative Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Law Updated September 29, 2023 Innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) are raising new questions about how copyright law principles such as authorship, infringement, and fair use will apply to content created or used by AI. So-called generative AI computer programs such as Open AI s DALL-E and ChatGPT programs, Stability AI s ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. LSB11051 Title

Legal Issues in Impeachment Investigations, Part I: Authorization

Legal Sidebari Legal Issues in Impeachment Investigations, Part I: Authorization September 29, 2023 Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy announced on September 12, 2023, that he was directing various House committees to open a formal impeachment inquiry into President Joe Biden. The Speaker s statement did not address precisely how the House will proceed, but it appears that the inquiry will be led ...

Date Sept. 29, 2023 Report No. IF12504 Title

The Cancer Moonshot: Overview and Issues

September 29, 2023 The Cancer Moonshot: Overview and Issues Cancer was the second-leading cause of death in the United States in 2021. For decades, Congress has maintained a sustained interest in reducing cancer mortality, particularly by funding cancer research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In 2016, the 21st Century Cures Act (Cures Act; P.L. 114-255) authorized appropriations for ...

Date Sept. 28, 2023 Report No. R47558 Title

Semiconductors and the CHIPS Act: The Global Context

Semiconductors and the CHIPS Act: The Global Context Updated September 28, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47558 SUMMARY Semiconductors and the CHIPS Act: The Global Context In 2021, Congress enacted legislation in response to its concerns that the United States lacked critical domestic semiconductor production capabilities and, more broadly, was losing its ...

Date Sept. 28, 2023 Report No. LSB10940 Title

Restricting TikTok (Part I): Legal History and Background

Legal Sidebari Restricting TikTok (Part I): Legal History and Background Updated September 28, 2023 The video-sharing platform TikTok has experienced a dramatic rise in users in the United States in recent years, while at the same time some Members of Congress and Biden Administration officials have described the application (app) as a national security threat. During the Trump Administration, ...

Date Sept. 28, 2023 Report No. IF12503 Title

Taiwan: The Origins of the U.S. One-China Policy

Updated September 28, 2023 Taiwan: The Origins of the U.S. One-China Policy On January 1, 1979, the U.S. government recognized the government of the People s Republic of China (PRC or China) as the sole legal Government of China, and severed official diplomatic relations with the Taiwan-based Republic of China (ROC), which the United States had previously recognized as the sole legal government of ...

Date Sept. 28, 2023 Report No. IF12074 Title

Areas of Economic Distress for EDA Activities and Programs

Updated September 28, 2023 Areas of Economic Distress for EDA Activities and Programs Congress has used program criteria to direct federal assistance to areas that are economically distressed or comparatively disadvantaged. Place-based measures frequently associated with economic distress include indicators such as poverty, unemployment rates, and income levels. The term economically distressed ...

Date Sept. 28, 2023 Report No. IF10434 Title

Burkina Faso: Conflict and Military Rule

Updated September 28, 2023 Burkina Faso: Conflict and Military Rule Burkina Faso experienced two military coups in 2022, part of a wave of military seizures of power in Africa. Successive governments have been unable to contain the spread of violence by insurgents affiliated with Al Qaeda and the Islamic State (IS). Abuses by state security forces and militias appear to have fueled insurgent ...

Date Sept. 28, 2023 Report No. IF11727 Title

House Sergeant at Arms: A Primer

Updated September 28, 2023 House Sergeant at Arms: A Primer The Sergeant at Arms (SAA) is an elected officer of the House of Representatives and is the chamber s primary law enforcement official and protocol officer, responsible for maintaining security on the House floor and the House side of the U.S. Capitol complex. Initially established during the First Congress, when the House elected Joseph ...

Date Sept. 27, 2023 Report No. R47723 Title

Bureau of Indian Affairs: Overview of Budget Issues and Options for Congress

Bureau of Indian Affairs: Overview of Budget Issues and Options for Congress September 27, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47723 SUMMARY Bureau of Indian Affairs: Overview of Budget Issues and Options for Congress R47723 September 27, 2023 Mariel J. Murray Specialist in Natural The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), an agency within the Department of the Interior ...

Date Sept. 27, 2023 Report No. R46016 Title

Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Compilation of Selected Indices

Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Compilation of Selected Indices Updated September 27, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46016 SUMMARY Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Compilation of Selected Indices R46016 September 27, 2023 Carla Y. Davis-Castro Senior Research Librarian This report provides a regional snapshot of the state of ...

Date Sept. 27, 2023 Report No. R47732 Title

Estimated ESEA Title I-A FY2023 and FY2024 State Grants Under the House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee-Approved Bill

Estimated ESEA Title I-A FY2023 and FY2024 State Grants Under the House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee-Approved Bill September 27, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47732 SUMMARY Estimated ESEA Title I-A FY2023 and FY2024 State Grants Under the House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee-Approved Bill Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act ...