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| Date Sept. 20, 2023 |
Report No. R47699 |
Title
U.S. Retirement Assets: Data in Brief September 20, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47699 SUMMARY U.S. Retirement Assets: Data in Brief The Federal Reserve s Financial Accounts of the United States provides data on the amount of retirement assets in the United States. Retirement assets are held in pension plans sponsored by employers and in Individual ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2023 |
Report No. TE10086 |
Title
Statement of Sean M. Stiff Legislative Attorney Before Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action, and Federal Rights U.S. Senate Hearing on Breaking the Logjam Part 3: Restoring Transparency and Accountability in the Accommodation Process September 20, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10086 Congressional Research ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10625 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Legality of DACA: Recent Litigation Developments Updated September 20, 2023 On September 13, 2023, a federal district court held that a 2022 Department of Homeland Security (DHS) rule that seeks to preserve and fortify the agency s long-standing Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy was unlawful. Since 2012, certain unlawfully present non-U.S. nationals (aliens, ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2023 |
Report No. IN12243 |
Title
INSIGHTi What Is the Child Care Funding Cliff? September 20, 2023 Recently, the possibility of a child care funding cliff has received considerable attention from Congress, stakeholder groups, and the media. At issue is whether the child care market (and the families who rely on it) will be negatively affected by expiring one-time COVID-19-related investments in child care. Background The main ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2023 |
Report No. IF10343 |
Title
Updated September 19, 2023 Who Pays for Long-Term Services and Supports? Long-term services and supports (LTSS) encompass a wide range of health and social services, as well as other types of assistance (e.g., medical devices and technology), that are needed by individuals over an extended period of time. The need for LTSS affects persons of all ages and is generally measured by limitations in an ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2023 |
Report No. R47702 |
Title
ESEA Title I-A Formulas: A Primer September 19, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47702 SUMMARY ESEA Title I-A Formulas: A Primer Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) authorizes aid to local educational agencies (LEAs) for the education of disadvantaged children. Title I-A grants provide supplementary educational and related services to ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2023 |
Report No. IF11902 |
Title
Updated September 19, 2023 International Financial Institutions: FY2024 Budget Request For FY2024, the Biden Administration is requesting $4.04 billion for the international financial institutions (IFIs). These include the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the multilateral development banks (MDBs), and associated multilateral trust funds focused on climate change and food security. The FY2024 ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2023 |
Report No. IF12417 |
Title
Updated September 19, 2023 Environmental Reviews and the 118th Congress Overview of the Review Process Under the National Environmental Policy Act The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) mandates environmental review of many agency actions. NEPA requires that federal agencies consider potential impacts of their actions that may affect the human environment. If a major ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2023 |
Report No. R47697 |
Title
Cell-Cultivated Meat: An Overview September 19, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47697 SUMMARY Cell-Cultivated Meat: An Overview Cell-cultivated meat is developed in a lab, grown from a sample of animal cells that does not require the slaughter of animals. Developing cell-cultivated meat involves five steps: (1) taking a biopsy of animal cells, (2) cell banking, ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2023 |
Report No. IF10876 |
Title
Updated September 19, 2023 Military Suicide Prevention and Response Background When a servicemember dies by suicide, those close to the member often experience shock, anger, guilt, and sorrow. As such, a servicemember s suicide may adversely impact the wellbeing of his or her family and friends. Further, it may affect the morale and readiness of his or her unit. The military s response to suicidal ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2023 |
Report No. IF11355 |
Title
Updated September 19, 2023 The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) in Social Security: Proposals for a New Proportional Formula Background The Proportional Formula Social Security is a work-based federal insurance program that provides monthly cash benefits to workers and their eligible family members in the event of a worker s retirement, disability, or death. Although participation in Social ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11042 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (September 11, 2023 September 17, 2023) September 18, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2023 |
Report No. IN12241 |
Title
INSIGHTi Changes in Pay for Selected House Member Staff Positions, 2021-2022 September 18, 2023 The FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-103) provided $774.0 million, an increase of 21.0%, for the Member Representational Allowance (MRA), which funds expenditures for House Member offices, including staff salaries. Questions have arisen regarding how the MRA increase, the largest in more ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2023 |
Report No. IF12498 |
Title
September 18, 2023 Foreign Investment in Real Property Act (FIRPTA) In general, a foreign person or corporation is not taxed on U.S.-source capital gains income unless it is associated with operating a trade or business. However, under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act (FIRPTA), gain on the sale of U.S. real property is taxed at the same rates that apply to U.S. sellers. To ensure ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2023 |
Report No. R44191 |
Title
National Hispanic Heritage Month: Fact Sheet Updated September 18, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44191 National Hispanic Heritage Month: Fact Sheet Introduction This fact sheet is designed to assist congressional offices with work related to National Hispanic Heritage Month, which is observed from September 15 to October 15. It contains links to census and ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11043 |
Title
Legal Sidebari D.C. Circuit Finds Mandatory Copyright Deposit Requirement an Unconstitutional Taking September 18, 2023 U.S. copyright law has long required copyright owners to send the U.S. Copyright Office one or two copies of their works, which may be used to build the collections of the Library of Congress. (Both the Copyright Office and Congressional Research Service are part of the Library ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2023 |
Report No. IN12245 |
Title
INSIGHTi SBA s 8(a) Business Development Program Responds to District Court Ruling September 18, 2023 In a July 2023 district court case, Ultima Servs. Corp. v. U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee enjoined SBA from continuing to operate its 8(a) Business Development Program as it had been doing. SBA s 8(a) program offers federal contracting ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2023 |
Report No. IF12497 |
Title
September 18, 2023 Semiconductors and Artificial Intelligence The increasing popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) has drawn congressional attention, and many Members are considering proposals to regulate the quickly evolving landscape. Technical progress in AI has been enabled in large part by advances in the underlying computational hardware also known as semiconductors, integrated circuits ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IF10292 |
Title
Updated September 15, 2023 The Debt Limit Overview The debt limit places a statutory constraint on the amount of money that Treasury may borrow to fund federal operations. The statutory debt limit is currently suspended through January 1, 2025. Congress may debate the merits of various debt limit modifications in advance of the debt limit s reinstatement. This In Focus provides background ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IF10033 |
Title
Updated September 15, 2023 Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and International Trade Intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and enforcement are key components of U.S. trade policy, and the United States plays a leading role in global IPR trade (Figure 1). Congress has a constitutional responsibility to legislate and oversee IPR matters in U.S. trade policy. Since 1988, Congress has ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IF10317 |
Title
Updated September 15, 2023 Policy Issues Involving Food Loss and Waste The 118th Congress has continued to introduce legislation addressing food loss and waste, building on enacted provisions in the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334, 2018 farm bill). The 2018 farm bill created authorities supporting composting initiatives and expanded coordination among federal, state, and local ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IF10398 |
Title
Updated September 15, 2023 Uniform Date Labeling of Food May Address Food Waste In the United States, 30%-40% of the food that is produced is unsold and uneaten, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Confusion regarding how consumers interpret food date labels is believed to result in food being thrown away that may have been safely consumed or donated. Waste due to date labeling ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IF12493 |
Title
September 15, 2023 Liberia U.S.-Liberia relations are close, based on a unique shared history: the country was established in the 19th century by Black Americans who resettled in Africa, and the United States has historically been Liberia s top development and diplomatic partner. Liberia has been a leading recipient of U.S. aid in Africa over the past two decades with influxes of funding to help ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2023 |
Report No. R44475 |
Title
EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program Updated September 15, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44475 SUMMARY EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program Under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), there are five categories of employment-based (EB) visas in the permanent immigration system. Congress created the fifth category (EB-5), the immigrant investor visa, in 1990 ( ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2023 |
Report No. R47695 |
Title
U.S. Oversight of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity: Current Policies, Recommended Reforms, and Options for Congress September 15, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47695 U.S. Oversight of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity Contents Introduction ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IF12492 |
Title
September 15, 2023 Conflict of Interest in Investment Advice Within Retirement Plans: An Overview Introduction A pension is a voluntary benefit offered by employers to assist employees in preparing for retirement. Pension plans can be classified along several dimensions, such as whether the plan is a defined benefit (DB) plan (sometimes called a traditional pension) or a defined contribution (DC) ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IF12494 |
Title
September 15, 2023 Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs) Since the 1960s, when Congress authorized the first federal grants to establish outpatient mental health clinics, the federal government has supported states provision of community-based behavioral health services. In 2014, Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs) were developed to improve community behavioral ...
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| Date Sept. 14, 2023 |
Report No. R47068 |
Title
Russia s War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects Updated September 14, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47068 SUMMARY Russia s War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects Russia s renewed invasion of neighboring Ukraine in February 2022 marked the start of Europe s deadliest armed conflict in decades. After a steady buildup of military forces ...
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| Date Sept. 14, 2023 |
Report No. R47694 |
Title
SBA as a Vehicle for Crisis Relief: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic September 14, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47694 SUMMARY SBA as a Vehicle for Crisis Relief: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated responses caused significant financial damage to many small businesses. To help address this, ...
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| Date Sept. 14, 2023 |
Report No. R47692 |
Title
Corporate Acquisitions and Divisions: Tax Issues September 14, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47692 SUMMARY Corporate Acquisitions and Divisions: Tax Issues Corporate reorganizations (mergers and divisions) are eligible in some cases for nonrecognition of gains for tax purposes both at the corporate level and the shareholder level. The purpose of these ...
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| Date Sept. 14, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11041 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Does Losing a Motion to Suppress Bar a Sentencing Reduction for Admitting Guilt? Federal Courts Are Split September 14, 2023 The U.S. Sentencing Commission may soon address an issue that has divided the federal courts of appeals impacting the lengths of sentences for some criminal defendants who plead guilty after challenging the evidence against them. If a defendant charged with a ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2023 |
Report No. R46970 |
Title
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Overview and Issues for the 118th Congress Updated September 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46970 SUMMARY U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Overview and Issues for the 118th Congress R46970 September 13, 2023 Laura B. Comay Specialist in Natural Offshore wind continues to be of interest as a potentially ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2023 |
Report No. IN12240 |
Title
INSIGHTi Department of Health and Human Services Recommendation to Reschedule Marijuana: Implications for Federal Policy September 13, 2023 On August 29, 2023, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recommended to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) that marijuana be rescheduled from Schedule I to Schedule III under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). This recommendation is based ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2023 |
Report No. R41170 |
Title
Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress Updated September 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41170 Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress Summary Multilateral development banks (MDBs) provide financial assistance to developing countries in order to promote economic and social development. The United States is ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2023 |
Report No. IF12100 |
Title
Updated September 13, 2023 China-Russia Relations The People s Republic of China (PRC or China) and the Russian Federation (Russia) maintain a strategic and multifaceted relationship with extensive military, diplomatic, and economic connections. Although the contemporary China-Russia relationship began with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the two countries share a longer history that ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2023 |
Report No. IF11878 |
Title
Updated September 13, 2023 Climate and Security in the Middle East and North Africa The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is among the world s most water-stressed and vulnerable to climate change impacts. Policymakers concerns about a changing MENA climate include not only physical and economic impacts but also the potential implications for political stability and security in a volatile ...
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| Date Sept. 13, 2023 |
Report No. IF12496 |
Title
September 13, 2023 NIST Update on Champlain Towers Collapse Investigation Overview On June 24, 2021, part of the Champlain Towers South, a 12-story residential building, collapsed in Surfside, FL, killing 98 people. On June 25, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Construction Safety Team (NCST) sent investigators to the site to identify factors contributing to the ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2023 |
Report No. R41542 |
Title
The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress Updated September 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41542 SUMMARY The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress R41542 September 12, 2023 R. Sam Garrett Specialist in American Major changes have occurred in campaign finance policy since 2002, ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2023 |
Report No. R47689 |
Title
Supreme Court Term October 2022: A Review of Selected Major Rulings September 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47689 SUMMARY Supreme Court Term October 2022: A Review of Selected Major Rulings The Supreme Court issued a number of opinions of interest to Congress in the term that began on October 3, 2022. Over the course of the term, the Court decided cases ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2023 |
Report No. R47578 |
Title
The Federal Communications Commission s Spectrum Auction Authority: History and Options for Reinstatement Updated September 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47578 SUMMARY The Federal Communications Commission s Spectrum Auction Authority: History and Options for Reinstatement Radio spectrum ( spectrum ) is the continuum of frequencies used to provide ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2023 |
Report No. IF11388 |
Title
Updated September 12, 2023 U.S.-South Korea Alliance: Issues for Congress Background South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea, or ROK) is one of the United States most important military and economic partners in Asia. The U.S.-ROK Mutual Defense Treaty, signed in 1953 at the end of the Korean War, commits the United States to help South Korea defend itself, particularly from North Korea ( ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11040 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Preventive Services Access on the Docket in Braidwood v. Becerra September 12, 2023 Preventive care benefits for millions of privately insured individuals may be impacted by Braidwood Management Inc. et al. v. Becerra (Braidwood), an ongoing legal challenge to a federal requirement for coverage of clinical preventive services. Established by the Patient Protection and Affordable ...
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| Date Sept. 12, 2023 |
Report No. IF12491 |
Title
September 12, 2023 Vessel Construction for Offshore Wind Power Generation Introduction The Biden Administration s goal of having 30 gigawatts of offshore wind power generation installed by 2030 will require construction of at least 2,100 wind turbines, according to the Department of Energy (DOE). Seven turbines are currently operating in state and federal waters. Construction of two additional ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11039 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (September 5, 2023 September 10, 2023) September 11, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2023 |
Report No. R47311 |
Title
Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations Updated September 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47311 Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations R47311 September 11, 2023 The United States was a party to the 1991 Paris Peace Agreement that formally ended the 1979-1991 civil war in Cambodia, and has long had an interest in ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11038 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Third Circuit Decision Highlights Significance of Whether Tax Filing Deadlines In Tax Litigation Are Jurisdictional September 11, 2023 On July 19, the Third Circuit held in Culp v. Commissioner that the filing deadline in 26 U.S.C. 6213(a) is nonjurisdictional and can be extended under certain circumstances. Section 6213(a) gives most taxpayers 90 days from the date the Internal ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IF12490 |
Title
September 11, 2023 Naloxone for Opioid Overdose: Considerations for Congress Opioids, such as heroin, fentanyl, and some prescription pain medications (including morphine and oxycodone), are substances that act on receptors in the body important in regulating pain and emotion. As opioid agonists, these substances attach to and activate opioid receptors that can relieve pain, induce euphoria, or ...
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| Date Sept. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IN12239 |
Title
INSIGHTi Economic Development and Recovery in Maui September 11, 2023 In addition to the loss of human life (which, as of late August, officially stood at 115), the wildfires that struck the Hawaiian islands of Maui and Hawaii in August of 2023 are likely to have significant economic effects. The wildfires which caused the most damage in the West Maui city of Lahaina occurred just as Hawaii and ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2023 |
Report No. IF12489 |
Title
September 8, 2023 Election Administration: Overview of FY2024 Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) Appropriations States and localities have primary responsibility for administering elections in the United States, but the federal government supports and shapes their efforts. One way it does so is through appropriations measures, by providing federal funding for elections-related grants ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2023 |
Report No. R47684 |
Title
Export Controls International Coordination: Issues for Congress September 8, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47684 SUMMARY Export Controls International Coordination: Issues for Congress Since the 1940s, the United States has maintained a regime of peacetime controls on exports for national security, foreign policy, and economic purposes. During that time, ...
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