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| Date Dec. 8, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10972 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Montana s TikTok Ban, an Injunction, and Pending Legal Actions Updated December 8, 2023 On November 30, 2023, a U.S. district judge issued a preliminary injunction preventing Montana from enforcing a ban on TikTok s operations in the state. According to media reporting, while a number of states have some type of proscription of TikTok platform usage, Montana s law (SB 419) ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2023 |
Report No. IN12285 |
Title
INSIGHTi Implementation Status of HOTMA Income and Rent Changes December 8, 2023 Between January 1, 2024, and January 1, 2025, the way that incomes and rents are calculated for the roughly 5 million households that participate in federal rental assistance programs will change, as the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) finalizes implementation of the Housing Opportunity Through ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11087 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Title VI and Peer-to-Peer Racial Harassment at School: Federal Appellate Decisions December 8, 2023 Section 601 of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin in federally funded programs. While that mandate applies broadly to federally funded programs of various types, one significant area that Title VI covers is ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2023 |
Report No. R47379 |
Title
Resources for Financial Market Data Updated December 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47379 SUMMARY Resources for Financial Market Data The U.S. financial system contains large and active markets for stocks, bonds, and commodities, as well as digital assets (e.g., cryptocurrencies) and other financial instruments. This report describes authoritative, open- ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2023 |
Report No. R47869 |
Title
FY2023 National Defense Authorization Act: Overview of Funding Authorizations December 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47869 SUMMARY FY2023 National Defense Authorization Act: Overview of Funding Authorizations The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) is policy legislation typically introduced and reported each year by the House and Senate Committees on ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2023 |
Report No. R47863 |
Title
The Privacy Act of 1974: Overview and Issues for Congress December 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47863 SUMMARY The Privacy Act of 1974: Overview and Issues for Congress The Privacy Act of 1974 (Privacy Act; 5 U.S.C. 552a) prescribes how federal agency records with individually identifying information are to be stored, who may access such information, and ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2023 |
Report No. R47382 |
Title
Congressional Control over the Supreme Court Updated December 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47382 SUMMARY Congressional Control over the Supreme Court The Constitution s Framers structured the Constitution to promote the separation of powers and protect the federal courts from undue influence by Congress and the executive branch. Among the federal courts, ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2023 |
Report No. R46013 |
Title
Impeachment and the Constitution Updated December 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46013 SUMMARY Impeachment and the Constitution The Constitution grants Congress authority to impeach and remove the President, Vice President, and other federal civil officers for Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. Impeachment is one of the various checks ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2023 |
Report No. IN12283 |
Title
INSIGHTi Commercial Real Estate Markets and Potential Macroeconomic Stress December 6, 2023 The commercial real estate (CRE) industry comprises different real estate sectors, including office, industrial, and retail space, as well as multifamily housing (e.g., apartments). Recent economic trends have some economists concerned about conditions in CRE markets, although economic conditions affect ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2023 |
Report No. IN12173 |
Title
INSIGHTi Expired and Expiring National Institutes of Health (NIH) Provisions Updated December 6, 2023 The National Institutes of Health (NIH), based in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), is the primary federal agency responsible for medical and health research. NIH is made up of 27 Institutes and Centers and the Office of the Director (OD). In addition, Congress established a new ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2023 |
Report No. IF10814 |
Title
Updated December 6, 2023 Belarus: An Overview Belarus, located in eastern Europe, is a close ally of Russia. Alexander Lukashenko, an authoritarian leader, has served as president of Belarus for almost 30 years. Lukashenko has increased Belarus s dependency on Russia since 2020, when the Belarusian government launched a crackdown on political opposition and civil society that human rights monitors ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2023 |
Report No. R47020 |
Title
A Guide to Major Congressional and Presidential Awards Updated December 5, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47020 SUMMARY A Guide to Major Congressional and Presidential Awards This report is intended to help congressional offices obtain information about awards authorized by Congress and the President. It provides details about the establishment, criteria, ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2023 |
Report No. R47747 |
Title
Admission of States to the Union: A Historical Reference Guide Updated December 5, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47747 SUMMARY Admission of States to the Union: A Historical Reference Guide The Constitution allows Congress to admit New States ... into this Union. By ratifying the Constitution in 1787-1790, the 13 original states which declared independence ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2023 |
Report No. IF10532 |
Title
Updated December 5, 2023 Defense Primer: Regular Military Compensation Congress sets compensation levels for members of the Armed Forces through statutory authorizations and appropriations. When people talk about military pay, they are often only referring to basic pay. Although basic pay is normally the largest component of cash compensation that a servicemember receives, there are other types of ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2023 |
Report No. IF10622 |
Title
Updated December 5, 2023 USDA s Organic Livestock and Poultry Standards Regulations In November 2023, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) finalized its Organic Livestock and Poultry Standards (OLPS) rulemaking (88 Federal Register 75394). The final rule updates regulations under USDA s National Organic Program (NOP) to promote animal welfare and encourage consistent livestock production ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11086 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Displacement of the State Secrets Privilege and Article II December 5, 2023 Supreme Court cases addressing the state secrets privilege are few and far between. Before the 2021 term, when the applicability of the privilege was at issue in two cases, the Court had addressed it in only four cases, the last one decided a decade earlier. One of the cases of the 2021 term ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2023 |
Report No. IF12178 |
Title
Updated December 5, 2023 India: Climate Change Issues Global climate change presents multiple challenges to India. The country is faced with meeting its energy and economic development needs, reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and addressing the potential impacts of climate change. India is among the world s top emitters of GHGs, including carbon dioxide (CO2), along with China, the ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2023 |
Report No. IG10042 |
Title
Federal Tax Lien Enforcement December 5, 2023 Author Information Justin C. Chung Legislative Attorney Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied ...
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| Date Dec. 4, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11085 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (November 27 December 3, 2023) December 4, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Dec. 4, 2023 |
Report No. R47862 |
Title
Electricity Transmission: What Is the Role of the Federal Government? December 4, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47862 SUMMARY Electricity Transmission: What Is the Role of the Federal Government? Electricity transmission is central to the operation of the electricity system, and so has been of longstanding interest to Congress. Interest in electricity ...
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| Date Dec. 4, 2023 |
Report No. IN12094 |
Title
INSIGHTi Atmospheric Rivers: Background and Forecasting Updated December 4, 2023 An atmospheric river (AR) consists of a long band of water vapor moving through the atmosphere, typically resulting in heavy precipitation over land (Figure 1). Improved AR observations and understanding (especially for large ARs) may facilitate flood preparedness and response and water supply management. This is ...
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| Date Dec. 4, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11084 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Clear Statement Rules, Textualism, and the Administrative State December 4, 2023 A clear statement rule is a judicial presumption that courts should not interpret a statute a certain way unless Congress made a clear statement requiring that outcome. In the Supreme Court s October 2022 term, a number of opinions considered whether various judicial rules of statutory interpretation ...
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| Date Dec. 1, 2023 |
Report No. R47850 |
Title
The United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee: A Primer Updated December 1, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47850 SUMMARY The United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee: A Primer The organization now known as the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee (USOPC) has organized U.S. participation in the Olympic Games since the early 20th century and ...
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| Date Dec. 1, 2023 |
Report No. IF11934 |
Title
Updated December 1, 2023 Terrorist and Other Militant Groups in Pakistan U.S. officials have identified Pakistan as a base of operations and/or target for numerous armed, nonstate militant groups, some of which have existed since the 1980s. Notable terrorist and other groups operating in and/or launching attacks on Pakistan are of five broad, but not exclusive types: (1) globally oriented; (2) ...
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| Date Nov. 30, 2023 |
Report No. R47855 |
Title
Bank Capital Requirements: Basel III Endgame November 30, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47855 SUMMARY Bank Capital Requirements: Basel III Endgame Setting bank capital requirements is an iterative process. Requirements have repeatedly been tweaked over the decades as problems emerge or policy priorities change. For example, in 2013 U.S. regulators began ...
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| Date Nov. 30, 2023 |
Report No. R47856 |
Title
Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations November 30, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47856 SUMMARY Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations Honduras, a Central American nation of 9.8 million people, has had close ties with the United States for many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations designed to counter Soviet influence in Central America ...
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| Date Nov. 30, 2023 |
Report No. R47851 |
Title
Offices of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: An Overview November 30, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47851 SUMMARY Offices of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: An Overview In 1978, Congress passed P.L. 95-507, which among other actions, established an Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU) in each federal agency ...
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| Date Nov. 30, 2023 |
Report No. R47858 |
Title
The Federal Tax Gap: Overview, Analysis, and Policy Options November 30, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47858 SUMMARY The Federal Tax Gap: Overview, Analysis, and Policy Options The federal tax gap is a measurement of the amount of federal taxes that taxpayers legally owe but do not pay on time in a given year. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) estimates that ...
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| Date Nov. 30, 2023 |
Report No. IN12269 |
Title
INSIGHTi Siting Challenges for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pipelines Updated November 30, 2023 Carbon dioxide (CO2) pipelines are an essential part of carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems, promoted by the Biden Administration and some in Congress to reduce emissions of CO2 a greenhouse gas from power plants and industrial facilities. Approximately 5,000 miles of CO2 pipeline already operate in the ...
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| Date Nov. 30, 2023 |
Report No. R45121 |
Title
Presidential Funerals and Burials: Selected Resources Updated November 30, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45121 Presidential Funerals and Burials: Selected Resources Summary This fact sheet provides resources on presidential funerals and burials in the United States. It contains a brief overview of past practices and selected online resources related to ...
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| Date Nov. 29, 2023 |
Report No. IF12278 |
Title
Updated November 29, 2023 Farm Bill Primer: Selected Hemp Industry Issues Hemp is a variety or cultivar of Cannabis sativa the same plant as marijuana grown to produce nonpsychoactive food, beverage, consumer, and industrial products. The 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018; P.L. 115-334) legalized hemp by removing hemp (as defined, see text box) from the definition of marijuana in ...
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| Date Nov. 29, 2023 |
Report No. R47857 |
Title
U.S. Tourism: Economic Impacts and Pandemic Recovery November 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47857 SUMMARY U.S. Tourism: Economic Impacts and Pandemic Recovery Tourism and the U.S. tourism industry are issues of longstanding interest to Congress. As a source of millions of jobs and billions of dollars of spending in the United States, tourism both ...
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| Date Nov. 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF12115 |
Title
Updated November 28, 2023 Farm Bill Primer: Programs Without Baseline Beyond FY2024 The one-year farm bill extension during FY2024 (P.L. 11822, Division B, 102) provided $177 million of mandatory funding to 19 of the 21 programs without a budget baseline in the 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334; Figure 1). Programs that receive mandatory funding do not require ...
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| Date Nov. 28, 2023 |
Report No. R43947 |
Title
House of Representatives Staff Levels, 19772023 Updated November 28, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43947 SUMMARY House of Representatives Staff Levels, 19772023 This report provides staffing levels in House Member, committee, leadership, and other offices since 1977. Between 1977 and 2023, the number of House staff grew from 8,831 to 9,247, or 4.71%. R43947 ...
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| Date Nov. 28, 2023 |
Report No. IN12198 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Election Commission Administrative Fine Program Updated November 28, 2023 Statutory authorization for the Federal Election Commission (FEC) Administrative Fine Program (AFP, sometimes called the Administrative Fines Program) expires on December 31, 2023. The AFP provides expedited enforcement for late and nonfiled campaign finance disclosure reports. Congress first authorized the ...
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| Date Nov. 28, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11082 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Kratom Regulation: Federal Status and State Approaches November 28, 2023 Kratom, or Mitragyna speciosa, is a tree related to the coffee plant and is native to parts of Southeast Asia. Peoples indigenous to the tree s range have traditionally consumed the leaves of the tree for medicinal and other purposes. Users report both stimulant and sedative effects, believed to be caused by ...
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| Date Nov. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IF12096 |
Title
Updated November 27, 2023 Farm Bill Primer: Beginning and Underserved Producers U.S. food and agriculture policy provides support for farms and ranches operated by beginning, small and limited resource, and historically underserved farmers and ranchers. Although these producers generally are eligible for U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs, recent farm bills have provided targeted ...
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| Date Nov. 27, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11081 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (November 20 November 26, 2023) November 27, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Nov. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IF12275 |
Title
Updated November 27, 2023 Farm Bill Primer: USDA Support for Aquaculture Operations Aquaculture facilities that grow aquatic animal and plant species in controlled or selected environments (as defined as 7 U.S.C. 3103) are generally eligible for support from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) available to all U.S. farmers and ranchers and producers. In addition, the Agriculture Improvement ...
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| Date Nov. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IN12282 |
Title
INSIGHTi OMB Releases 21st Century Integrated Digital Experience Act Guidance November 27, 2023 On September 22, 2023, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) released Memorandum M-22-23, which contains guidance for agencies on implementation of the 21st Century Integrated Digital Experience Act (21st Century IDEA; P.L. 115-336). The law establishes agency requirements for website ...
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| Date Nov. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IF12537 |
Title
Updated November 27, 2023 Terrorist Financing: Hamas and Cryptocurrency Fundraising Policymakers, including some Members of Congress, are scrutinizing U.S. efforts to counter the role that cryptocurrency fundraising plays in the financing of terrorism. A key question for Congress is whether further regulation of the virtual asset sector and/or the introduction of additional countermeasures are ...
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| Date Nov. 22, 2023 |
Report No. R47665 |
Title
Building Codes, Standards, and Regulations: Frequently Asked Questions Updated November 22, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47665 SUMMARY Building Codes, Standards, and Regulations: Frequently Asked Questions A building code provides rules and standards for the design, construction, alteration, materials, maintenance, and performance of buildings. The main ...
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| Date Nov. 22, 2023 |
Report No. R47849 |
Title
Artificial Intelligence in the Biological Sciences: Uses, Safety, Security, and Oversight November 22, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47849 SUMMARY Artificial Intelligence in the Biological Sciences: Uses, Safety, Security, and Oversight R47849 November 22, 2023 Todd Kuiken Analyst in Science and Artificial intelligence (AI) is a term generally thought of as ...
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| Date Nov. 22, 2023 |
Report No. R47847 |
Title
The U.S. Census Bureau: An Overview November 22, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47847 SUMMARY The U.S. Census Bureau: An Overview The U.S. Census Bureau is a federal statistical agency housed within the Department of Commerce. It is tasked with producing statistics on demographic and economic characteristics across the United States through more than 130 ...
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| Date Nov. 22, 2023 |
Report No. RL33663 |
Title
Generalized System of Preferences (GSP): Overview and Issues for Congress Updated November 22, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33663 Generalized System of Preferences (GSP): Overview and Issues for Congress Summary The U.S. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) program provided nonreciprocal, duty-free tariff treatment to certain products imported to the ...
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| Date Nov. 22, 2023 |
Report No. IF12160 |
Title
Updated November 22, 2023 Farm Bill Primer: Support for Native Agricultural Producers The 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018; P.L. 115-334) expanded federal farm program support for Native agricultural producers and tribal communities. Congress further enhanced community and economic development for tribes in the Indian Community Economic Enhancement Act of 2020 (P.L. 116-261) and ...
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| Date Nov. 22, 2023 |
Report No. IF12538 |
Title
November 22, 2023 U.S. Efforts to Manage Western Hemisphere Migration Flows In FY2023, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) enforcement encounters at the Southwest border reached 2.5 million. CBP reports that those persons encountered were either placed into removal proceedings under Title 8 of the U.S. Code, where they could potentially seek asylum or related relief, or expelled from the ...
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| Date Nov. 22, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10949 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Financial Disclosure and the Supreme Court Updated November 22, 2023 The Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (EIGA) established financial disclosure reporting requirements for many high-level government officials and employees, including the Chief Justice of the United States and the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. Supreme Court Justices must file publicly available financial ...
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| Date Nov. 21, 2023 |
Report No. R47848 |
Title
Nonimmigrant Overstays: Overview and Policy Issues November 21, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47848 SUMMARY Nonimmigrant Overstays: Overview and Policy Issues Nonimmigrants are foreign nationals who are lawfully admitted to the United States for a temporary period and specific purpose (e.g., tourism, study, work). They are required to depart the United States ...
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| Date Nov. 21, 2023 |
Report No. R46875 |
Title
Antitrust Reform and Big Tech Firms Updated November 21, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46875 SUMMARY Antitrust Reform and Big Tech Firms Antitrust has become a hot topic. After decades as a mostly technocratic discipline, competition policy now commands the attention of lawmakers, academics, and the general public. One of the driving forces behind this trend ...
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