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| Date July 26, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11012 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Louisiana Court Rules on Government Communications with Social Media Companies July 26, 2023 On July 4, 2023, a Louisiana federal district court entered a preliminary injunction in Missouri v. Biden, preventing a number of executive branch agencies and employees from communicating with social media companies in certain ways. The court cited free speech concerns with prior government ...
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| Date July 26, 2023 |
Report No. IN11989 |
Title
INSIGHTi Legislative Changes to the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program Updated July 26, 2023 The EB-5 immigrant investor program provides lawful permanent resident (LPR) status to foreign investors (and their spouses and unmarried children under age 21) who invest a specified amount of capital in a new commercial enterprise (NCE) in the United States that creates at least 10 jobs. The program is ...
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| Date July 26, 2023 |
Report No. IF12461 |
Title
July 26, 2023 Casino Gambling and Economic Development In recent decades, some officials and policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels have argued that gambling in particular, casino gambling, but also online and sports betting can help facilitate economic development. Starting in the 1990s and continuing through the 2010s, a number of states legalized and expanded commercial (non- ...
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| Date July 26, 2023 |
Report No. IF12457 |
Title
July 26, 2023 Federal Employee Travel: Per Diem Reimbursement Rates Background In the course of their duties, federal employees may engage in official travel within the continental United States (CONUS), outside of the continental United States (OCONUS), and to foreign locations. When engaging in approved official travel, federal employees may make use of per diem reimbursements. Per diem is one ...
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| Date July 25, 2023 |
Report No. R47633 |
Title
The Role of Earmarks in CWSRF and DWSRF Appropriations in the 117th Congress July 25, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47633 SUMMARY The Role of Earmarks in CWSRF and DWSRF Appropriations in the 117th Congress R47633 July 25, 2023 Elena H. Humphreys Analyst in Environmental National attention to municipal water infrastructure has stemmed from, among other things ...
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| Date July 25, 2023 |
Report No. RL30631 |
Title
Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress Updated July 25, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30631 Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress Summary Prior to 1984, neither federal civil service employees nor Members of Congress paid Social Security taxes, nor were they eligible for Social Security benefits. Members of Congress and other federal employees ...
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| Date July 25, 2023 |
Report No. IN11570 |
Title
INSIGHTi The U.S. Capitol Police: Brief Background Updated July 25, 2023 U.S. Capitol Police (USCP) The U.S. Capitol Police is a department within the legislative branch with security, protection, and administrative responsibilities. The USCP is responsible for law enforcement and security within the Capitol Complex, including the U.S. Capitol building, the Capitol Visitor Center, Capitol grounds, ...
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| Date July 24, 2023 |
Report No. IN11663 |
Title
INSIGHTi Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program: Frequently Asked Questions Updated July 24, 2023 What Is the Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program? On March 12, 2020, the Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019 (P.L. 116-124) (Secure Networks Act) became law. The act addresses congressional concerns with telecommunications ...
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| Date July 24, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11011 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 17, 2023 July 23, 2023) July 24, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date July 24, 2023 |
Report No. IN12207 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Reserve Launches FedNow July 24, 2023 On July 20, 2023, the Federal Reserve (Fed) launched FedNow, which provides interbank clearing and settlement that enables funds to be transferred from the account of a sender to the account of a receiver in near real-time and at any time, any day of the year, to enable instant or real time payments (RTPs). It is available to all banks, who ...
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| Date July 24, 2023 |
Report No. IF10567 |
Title
Updated July 24, 2023 The Arms Trade Treaty On December 9, 2016, President Barack Obama transmitted the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) to the Senate. The United States signed the ATT, which is a multilateral treaty of unlimited duration, on September 25, 2013. The treaty s objectives are to [e]stablish the highest possible common international standards for regulating or improving the regulation of the ...
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| Date July 24, 2023 |
Report No. IF12456 |
Title
July 24, 2023 An Introduction to Trademark Law in the United States Trademarks are a form of intellectual property that serve to identify the sources of goods. Trademarks have attracted renewed attention since the U.S. Supreme Court decided two cases regarding the main federal trademark law, the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq., in June 2023 and agreed to hear a third such case in its 2023 2024 ...
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| Date July 21, 2023 |
Report No. R45428 |
Title
Sub-Saharan Africa: Overview and U.S. Engagement Updated July 21, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45428 SUMMARY Sub-Saharan Africa: Overview and U.S. Engagement Congress regularly addresses issues pertaining to sub-Saharan Africa ( Africa ) in the exercise of its legislative and oversight functions. Legislation, hearings, and Member statements in the 118th ...
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| Date July 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF12455 |
Title
July 21, 2023 Race Discrimination at School: Title VI and the Department of Education s Office for Civil Rights Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin in programs that receive federal financial assistance. While that bar applies broadly to federally funded programs of various types, historically, Title VI s application to public ...
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| Date July 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF10733 |
Title
Updated July 21, 2023 U.S.-South Korea (KORUS) FTA and Bilateral Trade Relations The U.S.-South Korea free trade agreement (KORUS FTA) entered into force in March 2012. The agreement has reduced and, in most cases, eliminated tariff and non-tariff barriers between the two parties on manufactured goods, agricultural products, and services. It also provides rules and disciplines on investment, ...
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| Date July 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF12454 |
Title
July 21, 2023 Bank Failures and Congressional Oversight The failures of three large banks in spring 2023 Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), Signature, and First Republic has resulted in congressional attention on how the federal banking agencies the Federal Reserve (the Fed), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) supervise, resolve, and provide ...
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| Date July 21, 2023 |
Report No. R47632 |
Title
Lesser Prairie Chicken Listing Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) July 21, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47632 SUMMARY Lesser Prairie Chicken Listing Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) On November 25, 2022, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) listed two populations of the lesser prairie chicken (LPC) pursuant to the Endangered Species Act (ESA; ...
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| Date July 21, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10730 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The PREP Act and COVID-19, Part 2: The PREP Act Declaration for COVID-19 Countermeasures Updated July 21, 2023 To encourage the expeditious development and deployment of medical countermeasures during a public health emergency, the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (PREP Act) authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to limit legal liability for ...
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| Date July 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF12439 |
Title
Updated July 21, 2023 Energy Tax Credits and the Global Minimum Tax The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) (often referred to simply as the tax code) contains a number of credits to encourage certain investments. These include energy credits, some of which were enacted in P.L. 117-169 (commonly referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, IRA) and intended to encourage investment in certain ...
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| Date July 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF12453 |
Title
July 21, 2023 H.R. 4563, the American Confidence in Elections Act (ACE Act): Legal Background On July 11, 2023, H.R. 4563, the American Confidence in Elections Act (ACE Act), was introduced in the 118 th Congress. The ACE Act proposes to amend federal election law primarily in the areas of election administration and campaign finance. On July 13, 2023, the Committee on House Administration, one of ...
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| Date July 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF11614 |
Title
Updated July 21, 2023 Long-Term Care Insurance: Overview What Is Long-Term Care Insurance? Long-term care insurance (LTCI) is a type of insurance policy designed to cover the future costs of care associated with a chronic condition or disability that requires extended or long-term care. Long-term care, often referred to as longterm services and supports (LTSS), provides hands-on assistance or ...
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| Date July 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF10710 |
Title
Updated July 21, 2023 State Department Country Reports on Terrorism: 2001 2021 Overview By April 30 of each year, 22 U.S.C 2656f requires the Secretary of State to provide Congress an annual country report on terrorism. The report must contain detailed assessments with respect to each foreign country in which acts of international terrorism occurred, which were, in the opinion of the Secretary, of ...
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| Date July 20, 2023 |
Report No. IN12192 |
Title
INSIGHTi NATO s 2023 Vilnius Summit Updated July 20, 2023 Leaders from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization s (NATO s) 31 member states (see Figure 1) met in Vilnius, Lithuania, on July 11-12, 2023. The allies addressed numerous issues of interest to Congress, including efforts to deter and respond to a possible Russian attack, NATO s relations with Ukraine, allied defense spending, security ...
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| Date July 20, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11009 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Legal Challenges to the Terrorist Screening Database July 20, 2023 On September 11, 2001, agents of the al Qaeda terrorist organization hijacked commercial airplanes and attacked the World Trade Center in New York City and the national headquarters of the Department of Defense in Arlington, Virginia. . . . Nearly 3,000 civilians were killed, the Supreme Court observed. In its report ...
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| Date July 19, 2023 |
Report No. R47200 |
Title
Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers: Background and Current Status Updated July 19, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47200 Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers: Background and Current Status Contents Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Program ...
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| Date July 19, 2023 |
Report No. R47630 |
Title
The Child Support Enforcement Program: Summary of Laws Enacted Since 1950 July 19, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47630 SUMMARY The Child Support Enforcement Program: Summary of Laws Enacted Since 1950 R47630 July 19, 2023 Jessica Tollestrup Specialist in Social Policy The Child Support Enforcement (CSE) program was enacted in 1975 as a federal-state program ( ...
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| Date July 19, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11007 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Narrows Access to Habeas Corpus Relief for Federal Inmates July 19, 2023 In Jones v. Hendrix, decided on June 22, 2023, the Supreme Court resolved a circuit split over a provision of 28 U.S.C. 2255, the statutory habeas corpus alternative permitting federal prisoners to raise postconviction challenges to their convictions or sentences. Successive motions are not ...
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| Date July 19, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10958 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Fourth Circuit Says Public Charter Schools Are State Actors, Supreme Court Declines to Weigh In Updated July 19, 2023 On June 14, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (Fourth Circuit) held in Peltier v. Charter Day Schools that a public charter school s dress code policy discriminated against female students on the basis of sex. The court reached this conclusion by ...
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| Date July 19, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11008 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Environmental Justice and the National Environmental Policy Act July 19, 2023 In spring 2023, Congress amended the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) as part of the Fiscal Responsibility Act (P.L. 118-5). Weeks earlier, President Biden issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14096. Both actions affect how the federal government considers the impacts of federal actions, which may include ...
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| Date July 19, 2023 |
Report No. IF12451 |
Title
July 19, 2023 H.R. 4563, the American Confidence in Elections (ACE) Act H.R. 4563, the American Confidence in Elections (ACE) Act, proposes substantial changes to federal election administration and campaign finance law. The Committee on House Administration (CHA) ordered the bill to be reported, as amended, on July 13, 2023. CHA and its Subcommittee on Elections held a series of hearings in the ...
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| Date July 19, 2023 |
Report No. IN12172 |
Title
INSIGHTi Changes to IRS Funding in the Debt Limit Deal Updated July 19, 2023 President Joseph Biden and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy brokered a deal that would reduce federal spending in FY2024 and FY2025 and raise the statutory debt limit through January 2025. P.L. 118-5, the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, enacts many of the components of the deal between the President and the Speaker. ...
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| Date July 19, 2023 |
Report No. R42100 |
Title
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: Federal Aggravated Identity Theft Updated July 19, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42100 SUMMARY Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: Federal Aggravated Identity Theft R42100 July 19, 2023 Charles Doyle Senior Specialist in Aggravated identity theft is punishable by a mandatory minimum sentence of imprisonment for American Public Law two ...
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| Date July 18, 2023 |
Report No. TE10084 |
Title
Statement of Ronald O'Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs Before House Homeland Security Committee Subcommittee on Transportation and Maritime Security Hearing on Strategic Competition in the Arctic July 18, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10084 Congressional Research Service 1 Introduction Chairman Gim nez, Ranking Member Thanedar, distinguished members of the ...
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| Date July 17, 2023 |
Report No. R47631 |
Title
Federal Disaster Assistance for Businesses: Summaries and Policy Options July 17, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47631 Federal Disaster Assistance for Businesses: Summaries and Policy Options Federal Disaster Assistance for Businesses: Summaries and Policy Options Following natural disasters and other emergencies, businesses often face damage to property, ...
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| Date July 17, 2023 |
Report No. IN12123 |
Title
INSIGHTi The National Cybersecurity Strategy Going Where No Strategy Has Gone Before Updated July 17, 2023 On March 2, 2023, the Biden Administration released their National Cybersecurity Strategy (Strategy). This Strategy follows in a long line of national cybersecurity strategies including those of the George W. Bush, Obama, and Trump Administrations. Like its predecessors, the Strategy seeks to ...
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| Date July 17, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11006 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 10, 2023 July 16, 2023) July 17, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date July 17, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10295 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Department of Homeland Security s Metering Policy: Legal Issues Updated July 17, 2023 Generally, an alien who arrives in the United States without valid documentation is subject to a streamlined, expedited removal process, but may pursue asylum and related protections if, during processing, the alien demonstrates a credible fear of persecution in his or her country of origin. ...
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| Date July 14, 2023 |
Report No. R47629 |
Title
Department of Defense Community Support Programs July 14, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47629 SUMMARY Department of Defense Community Support Programs R47629 July 14, 2023 Andrew Tilghman Analyst in U.S. Defense For decades the Department of Defense has provided financial support for local Infrastructure Policy communities near military installations that ...
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| Date July 14, 2023 |
Report No. IN12199 |
Title
INSIGHTi Chemical Security: Regulatory Implications of Terrorism Risk Assessment Methodology July 14, 2023 The Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) program imposes security requirements on certain facilities that manufacture, process, or store chemicals of interest i.e., chemicals that bad actors might steal, divert, or exploit for nefarious purposes, including terrorism. Some ...
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| Date July 14, 2023 |
Report No. R47626 |
Title
Gun Control, Veterans Benefits, and Mental Incompetency Determinations July 14, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47626 SUMMARY Gun Control, Veterans Benefits, and Mental Incompetency Determinations R47626 July 14, 2023 Scott D. Szymendera Analyst in Disability Policy The federal Gun Control Act of 1968, as amended, prohibits certain classes of persons from ...
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| Date July 14, 2023 |
Report No. IF12283 |
Title
Updated July 14, 2023 The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement (High Seas Treaty) On June 19, 2023, the United Nations (U.N.) adopted an international legally binding instrument to address marine biodiversity on the high seas (international waters). This agreement is the first single international instrument to address biodiversity on the high seas as a whole. The instrument is ...
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| Date July 13, 2023 |
Report No. R47625 |
Title
The House Consensus Calendar: Principal Features and Practice in the 117th Congress (2021-2022) July 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47625 SUMMARY The House Consensus Calendar: Principal Features and Practice in the 117th Congress (2021-2022) R47625 July 13, 2023 Jane A. Hudiburg Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process First established in the 116th ...
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| Date July 13, 2023 |
Report No. RL32528 |
Title
International Law and Agreements: Their Effect upon U.S. Law Updated July 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32528 International Law and Agreements: Their Effect upon U.S. Law International Law and Agreements: Their Effect upon U.S. Law RL32528 July 13, 2023 Stephen P. Mulligan Legislative Attorney International law is derived primarily from two sources: ...
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| Date July 13, 2023 |
Report No. IN12200 |
Title
INSIGHT Holds on Nominations July 13, 2023 In the Senate, a hold on a nomination is a communication to the majority or minority leader that a Senator would object to approving the nomination by unanimous consent. When Senators inform their leader that they would object to approving a category of nominations by unanimous consent, such as all nominations to a particular government agency, they are ...
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| Date July 13, 2023 |
Report No. IF12204 |
Title
Updated July 13, 2023 Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2023 Three entities in the Department of the Interior (DOI) share responsibility for managing the nation s ocean energy resources on almost 2.5 billion acres of the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) administers offshore energy leasing and mineral development; the Bureau of Safety and ...
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| Date July 12, 2023 |
Report No. IF12450 |
Title
July 12, 2023 Stablecoin Policy Issues for the 118th Congress Stablecoins are digital financial instruments that use technology underpinning cryptocurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin and Ether) but attempt to eliminate volatility by pegging their value to a stable asset (e.g., one U.S. dollar). For more information, see CRS In Focus IF11968, Stablecoins: Background and Policy Issues. Stablecoins have ...
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| Date July 11, 2023 |
Report No. R47620 |
Title
Canada: Background and U.S. Relations July 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47620 SUMMARY Canada: Background and U.S. Relations The United States and Canada are close partners, bound together by a 5,525-mile border as well as by shared history and values. The countries maintain long-standing mutual security commitments under NATO and the North American ...
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| Date July 11, 2023 |
Report No. R47623 |
Title
Frequently Asked Questions: Mapping of U.S. Ocean and Coastal Waters July 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47623 SUMMARY Frequently Asked Questions: Mapping of U.S. Ocean and Coastal Waters Ocean and coastal mapping involves activities that collect data and information about the underwater terrain (i.e., seafloor or lakebed). These data and information may ...
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| Date July 11, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11005 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Holds That Federal Labor Relations Authority Has Jurisdiction to Regulate State National Guards July 11, 2023 On May 18, 2023, the Supreme Court decided Ohio Adjutant General s Department v. Federal Labor Relations Authority, a case on the Federal Labor Relations Authority s (FLRA s) power to regulate the labor practices of state National Guards. The dispute arose from ...
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| Date July 11, 2023 |
Report No. R47619 |
Title
The Equal Rights Amendment: Background and Recent Legal Developments July 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47619 SUMMARY The Equal Rights Amendment: Background and Recent Legal Developments In 1972, Congress approved a constitutional amendment to guarantee that [e]quality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any ...
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