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| Date Sept. 29, 2023 |
Report No. IN12260 |
Title
INSIGHTi Offices of Inspector General and Government Shutdowns September 29, 2023 Like other entities across the federal government, many Offices of Inspector General (OIGs) receive at least a portion of their operating funds via the annual appropriations process and, therefore, may be subject to shutdowns caused by lapses in those appropriations. This Insight provides a broad overview, with ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2023 |
Report No. IN12261 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Appointment of Hispanic U.S. Circuit and District Court Judges: Historical Overview and Analysis September 29, 2023 This Insight provides historical and statistical information related to the appointment of Hispanic U.S. circuit and district court judges. For the purposes of this Insight, the term Hispanic refers to individuals of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11002 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Allen v. Milligan: Supreme Court Holds That Alabama Redistricting Map Likely Violated Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act Updated September 29, 2023 On June 8, 2023, the Supreme Court in Allen v. Milligan affirmed two federal district court rulings that preliminarily enjoined the State of Alabama from holding elections under its congressional redistricting map because the map likely ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11048 |
Title
Legal Sidebari International Agreements (Part I): Overview and Agreement-Making Process September 29, 2023 This Legal Sidebar is the first in a three-part series on international agreements and their relationship with the U.S. legal system. The Constitution vests the power to make treaties with the President acting by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, but the United States does not ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11050 |
Title
Legal Sidebari International Agreements (Part III): Transparency Measures September 29, 2023 This Legal Sidebar discusses legislative measures to increase transparency into the United States international commitments. It is the third installment in a three-part series on international agreements in the U.S. legal system. Part I introduces the primary forms of international instruments and the ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2023 |
Report No. R43590 |
Title
Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and OMB Updated September 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43590 Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and OMB Summary This report describes online tools, reports, and data compilations created by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) that contain statistics about ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11049 |
Title
Legal Sidebari International Agreements (Part II): Examining Tools for Congressional Influence Over International Instruments September 29, 2023 This Legal Sidebar examines options for Congress to influence international instruments. It is the second in a three-part series on international agreements in the U.S. legal system. Part I introduces the primary of forms of international instruments and ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10922 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Generative Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Law Updated September 29, 2023 Innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) are raising new questions about how copyright law principles such as authorship, infringement, and fair use will apply to content created or used by AI. So-called generative AI computer programs such as Open AI s DALL-E and ChatGPT programs, Stability AI s ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11051 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Legal Issues in Impeachment Investigations, Part I: Authorization September 29, 2023 Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy announced on September 12, 2023, that he was directing various House committees to open a formal impeachment inquiry into President Joe Biden. The Speaker s statement did not address precisely how the House will proceed, but it appears that the inquiry will be led ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2023 |
Report No. IF12504 |
Title
September 29, 2023 The Cancer Moonshot: Overview and Issues Cancer was the second-leading cause of death in the United States in 2021. For decades, Congress has maintained a sustained interest in reducing cancer mortality, particularly by funding cancer research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In 2016, the 21st Century Cures Act (Cures Act; P.L. 114-255) authorized appropriations for ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2023 |
Report No. R47558 |
Title
Semiconductors and the CHIPS Act: The Global Context Updated September 28, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47558 SUMMARY Semiconductors and the CHIPS Act: The Global Context In 2021, Congress enacted legislation in response to its concerns that the United States lacked critical domestic semiconductor production capabilities and, more broadly, was losing its ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10940 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Restricting TikTok (Part I): Legal History and Background Updated September 28, 2023 The video-sharing platform TikTok has experienced a dramatic rise in users in the United States in recent years, while at the same time some Members of Congress and Biden Administration officials have described the application (app) as a national security threat. During the Trump Administration, ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF12503 |
Title
Updated September 28, 2023 Taiwan: The Origins of the U.S. One-China Policy On January 1, 1979, the U.S. government recognized the government of the People s Republic of China (PRC or China) as the sole legal Government of China, and severed official diplomatic relations with the Taiwan-based Republic of China (ROC), which the United States had previously recognized as the sole legal government of ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF12074 |
Title
Updated September 28, 2023 Areas of Economic Distress for EDA Activities and Programs Congress has used program criteria to direct federal assistance to areas that are economically distressed or comparatively disadvantaged. Place-based measures frequently associated with economic distress include indicators such as poverty, unemployment rates, and income levels. The term economically distressed ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF10434 |
Title
Updated September 28, 2023 Burkina Faso: Conflict and Military Rule Burkina Faso experienced two military coups in 2022, part of a wave of military seizures of power in Africa. Successive governments have been unable to contain the spread of violence by insurgents affiliated with Al Qaeda and the Islamic State (IS). Abuses by state security forces and militias appear to have fueled insurgent ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF11727 |
Title
Updated September 28, 2023 House Sergeant at Arms: A Primer The Sergeant at Arms (SAA) is an elected officer of the House of Representatives and is the chamber s primary law enforcement official and protocol officer, responsible for maintaining security on the House floor and the House side of the U.S. Capitol complex. Initially established during the First Congress, when the House elected Joseph ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. R47723 |
Title
Bureau of Indian Affairs: Overview of Budget Issues and Options for Congress September 27, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47723 SUMMARY Bureau of Indian Affairs: Overview of Budget Issues and Options for Congress R47723 September 27, 2023 Mariel J. Murray Specialist in Natural The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), an agency within the Department of the Interior ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. R46016 |
Title
Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Compilation of Selected Indices Updated September 27, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46016 SUMMARY Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Compilation of Selected Indices R46016 September 27, 2023 Carla Y. Davis-Castro Senior Research Librarian This report provides a regional snapshot of the state of ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. R47732 |
Title
Estimated ESEA Title I-A FY2023 and FY2024 State Grants Under the House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee-Approved Bill September 27, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47732 SUMMARY Estimated ESEA Title I-A FY2023 and FY2024 State Grants Under the House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee-Approved Bill Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IN12259 |
Title
INSIGHTi Government Shutdowns and Legislative Branch Operations: Frequently Asked Questions September 27, 2023 This Insight provides brief answers to selected questions related to legislative branch operations during a lapse in appropriations. For a general explanation of the Antideficiency Act, including Title 31, Sections 1341-1342 and 15111519, of the U.S. Code, including excepted activities, ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. R47722 |
Title
Overview of the General Services Administration: Acquisition Services and Real Property Management September 27, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47722 SUMMARY Overview of the General Services Administration: Acquisition Services and Real Property Management The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (Property Act; P.L. 81-152) established the ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11047 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Legal Standards for Government Dismissal of Qui Tam Cases Under the False Claims Act September 27, 2023 The False Claims Act (FCA) subjects a person to civil penalties and triple damages if he or she submits a false or fraudulent claim seeking payment from the federal government. The Attorney General may pursue these remedies by bringing a civil action in federal court against the ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IN12258 |
Title
INSIGHTi Employment Eligibility for Migrants Released from DHS Custody at the Southwest Border September 27, 2023 In the past three years, the United States has experienced record-high levels of migration across the U.S.Mexico border. Generally, migrants who lack authorization to enter the country and present themselves at a port of entry (POE) or who enter the United States between POEs are ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IN12255 |
Title
INSIGHTi Campaign Finance Policy and a Lapse in Federal Appropriations: Frequently Asked Questions September 27, 2023 Current appropriations for the federal government expire on September 30, 2023. If federal funds are not appropriated for FY2024 before October 1, only certain functions may continue at federal agencies, and many employees would be furloughed. This CRS Insight provides brief ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IN12256 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 NDAA: Security Cooperation September 27, 2023 Background The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) broadly defines security cooperation (also known as SC) as department interactions with foreign security establishments to build security relationships that promote specific U.S. security interests, develop allied and partner nation military and security capabilities for self-defense and ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IF12502 |
Title
September 27, 2023 The Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit P.L. 117-169, commonly known as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), created the clean fuel production credit (CFPC) for qualifying transportation fuel produced after 2024 and sold on or before December 31, 2027. Some also refer to the CPFC as the 45Z credit after its applicable Internal Revenue Code (IRC) section. The CFPC, in effect, ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IN12244 |
Title
INSIGHTi Armed Forces Compensation During a Lapse in Appropriations Updated September 27, 2023 Compensation for members of the Armed Forces (i.e., Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Space Force, and Coast Guard) is funded through annual appropriations to personnel-related line items in accounts of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). These ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IN12257 |
Title
INSIGHTi Converting Office Space to Residential Housing September 27, 2023 Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, telework has increased on average estimates vary, but several sources show a significant increase leaving some office space unused or underutilized. According to the National Association of Realtors, the vacancy rate for offices increased by 3% between 2019 and 2022. At the same time, ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2023 |
Report No. IN12253 |
Title
INSIGHTi Recent Caseload Statistics for U.S. District Courts: Criminal Defendants Charged with Immigration-Related Offenses September 26, 2023 This Insight provides an overview and analysis of criminal defendants charged with immigration-related offenses in U.S. district courts. Specifically, this Insight provides information related to (1) the percentage of defendants charged with immigration- ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2023 |
Report No. IF11719 |
Title
Updated September 26, 2023 China Primer: The People s Liberation Army (PLA) Overview The People s Liberation Army (PLA) is the military arm of the Communist Party of China, the ruling party of the People s Republic of China (PRC or China). Since 2021, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has referred to China as the pacing challenge for the U.S. military. DOD reported in November 2022 that China s ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2023 |
Report No. R47400 |
Title
The Strategic National Stockpile: Overview and Issues for Congress Updated September 26, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47400 SUMMARY The Strategic National Stockpile: Overview and Issues for Congress The Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) consists of drugs, vaccines, medical products, and ancillary supplies that can be deployed at the request of state, local, ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2023 |
Report No. IN12252 |
Title
INSIGHTi Recent Caseload Statistics for U.S. District Courts: Criminal Defendants Charged by Type of Offense September 26, 2023 The Administrative Office of U.S. Courts regularly compiles data related to the workload of the federal courts. This Insight provides an overview and analysis of data related to one measure of workload the number and percentage of criminal defendants charged with various ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2023 |
Report No. IF12501 |
Title
September 26, 2023 Private Funding for Election Administration State and local election offices sometimes receive private donations of money, goods, or services to help them carry out their work. Following the onset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the 2020 election cycle, private individuals funded grant programs for state and local election administration that were ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2023 |
Report No. R47656 |
Title
Copyright in Standards Incorporated by Reference into Law and the Pro Codes Act Updated September 26, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47656 SUMMARY Copyright in Standards Incorporated by Reference into Law and the Pro Codes Act This report explains the current law and litigation concerning copyright protection for technical standards developed by private ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2023 |
Report No. IN12251 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Employee Pay in the Context of a Government Shutdown September 26, 2023 As Congress debates a continuing appropriations measure to avoid a lapse in appropriations and government shutdown at the beginning of the new fiscal year, Members and staff may seek to understand how a shutdown would affect federal employee pay. The Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019 (P.L. 116-1) ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2023 |
Report No. R44835 |
Title
Paid Family and Medical Leave in the United States Updated September 25, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44835 SUMMARY Paid Family and Medical Leave in the United States Paid family and medical leave (PFML) refers to partially or fully compensated time away from work for specific and generally significant family caregiving needs, such as the arrival of a new ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2023 |
Report No. IN12249 |
Title
INSIGHTi An Overview of H.R. 4766, Clarity for Payment Stablecoins Act September 25, 2023 The House Committee on Financial Services on July 27, 2023, ordered to be reported an amendment in the nature of a substitute of the Clarity for Payment Stablecoins Act (H.R. 4766), sponsored by Chair Patrick McHenry, which would change how stablecoins are regulated. Currently, there is no comprehensive ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2023 |
Report No. IF10975 |
Title
Updated September 25, 2023 Major Functions of the U.S. Department of Labor Creation of the Department of Labor The Department of Labor (DOL) was created in 1913 by An Act to create a Department of Labor (P.L. 62-426). Its purpose was to foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, to improve their working conditions, and to advance their opportunities for ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11046 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (September 18, 2023 September 24, 2023) September 25, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2023 |
Report No. IN12250 |
Title
Climate Change and Extreme Heat September 25, 2023 The United States experienced a series of record-breaking heat waves during the summer of 2023. The heat waves brought extreme temperatures to various U.S. regions, including Puerto Rico, the southern Plains, and the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states, with life threatening conditions in some areas. These heat waves are part of a trend of rising ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2023 |
Report No. IF12500 |
Title
September 25, 2023 Federal Management of Sea Lampreys in the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), sometimes known as the vampire fish (Figure 1), is a parasitic fish species native to the northern Atlantic Ocean and the waters of eastern United States and western Europe. By the early 1900s, sea lampreys had spread throughout the Great Lakes, where they harm ...
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| Date Sept. 22, 2023 |
Report No. R47174 |
Title
The Pillar 2 Global Minimum Tax: Implications for U.S. Tax Policy Updated September 22, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47174 SUMMARY The Pillar 2 Global Minimum Tax: Implications for U.S. Tax Policy In response to concerns about multinational corporations shifting profits to low-tax countries, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ...
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| Date Sept. 22, 2023 |
Report No. IN12247 |
Title
INSIGHTi Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2024 Appropriations Bill: CFPB s Funding and Structure Provisions September 22, 2023 On July 17, 2023, the House Committee on Appropriations reported its FY2024 Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill (H.R. 4664). The reported bill would change the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) s funding and ...
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| Date Sept. 22, 2023 |
Report No. IN12248 |
Title
INSIGHTi Economic Effects of Government Shutdowns September 22, 2023 If Congress allows appropriations to lapse on October 1, a federal government shutdown would begin. Government shutdowns have direct and indirect impacts on the economy, the severity of which depend largely on the shutdown s length and scope. This Insight discusses the economic effects of shutdowns, including effects on output, ...
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| Date Sept. 22, 2023 |
Report No. IF10281 |
Title
Updated September 22, 2023 China Primer: Uyghurs Uyghurs (also spelled Uighurs ) are a Muslim ethnic minority group living primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in the far northwest of the People s Republic of China (PRC or China). They have garnered the attention of U.S. policymakers, particularly since 2018 following reports of the mass internment of Uyghurs in reeducation ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2023 |
Report No. IN12246 |
Title
INSIGHTi IRS Processing and Examination of COVID Employee Retention Credit Claims September 21, 2023 The Employee Retention Credit (ERC) is a temporary tax credit that was available to employers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The ERC could be claimed by certain employers who experienced specific adverse effects from COVID. For most employers, the ERC expired on September 30, 2021. However, the IRS ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11044 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Biden Administration s Final Rule on Arriving Aliens Seeking Asylum (Part One) September 21, 2023 The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of Justice (DOJ) issued a final rule in May 2023 that would, for at least a two-year period, make some aliens ineligible for asylum if they arrive at the southwest land border or adjacent coastal borders without valid entry ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2023 |
Report No. R47705 |
Title
Congressional Rules Pertaining to Changes in Mandatory Program Spending in Appropriations Bills (CHIMPs) September 21, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47705 SUMMARY Congressional Rules Pertaining to Changes in Mandatory Program Spending in Appropriations Bills (CHIMPs) When Congress considers legislation, it takes into account the proposal s potential budgetary ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11045 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Biden Administration s Final Rule on Arriving Aliens Seeking Asylum (Part Two) September 21, 2023 In May 2023, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of Justice (DOJ) issued a final rule that would, for at least a two-year period, make some aliens ineligible for asylum if they arrive at the southwest land border or adjacent coastal borders without valid entry ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2023 |
Report No. TE10085 |
Title
Statement of Victoria L. Killion Legislative Attorney Before Committee on Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on A Bar Too High: Concerns with CEQ s Proposed Regulatory Hurdle for Federal Contracting September 20, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10085 Congressional Research Service 1 ...
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