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| Date Dec. 15, 2023 |
Report No. R47876 |
Title
Enhanced Prudential Regulation of Large Banks December 15, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47876 SUMMARY Enhanced Prudential Regulation of Large Banks The 2007-2009 financial crisis highlighted the problem of too big to fail financial institutions the concept that the failure of large financial firms could trigger financial instability, which in several cases ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2023 |
Report No. R46664 |
Title
Return of Nominations to the President Under Senate Rule XXXI Updated December 15, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46664 SUMMARY Return of Nominations to the President Under Senate Rule XXXI Nominations that have been neither confirmed nor rejected by the Senate at the time the Senate adjourns sine die or for a period of more than 30 days are returned to the ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IF12551 |
Title
December 15, 2023 Accrual and Reinvestor Small Business Investment Companies (SBICs) The Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several programs to increase access to capital for small businesses. Among those is the Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) program. Under the SBIC program, the SBA provides capital at favorable terms to SBA-certified venture capital funds who agree to ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IN12280 |
Title
INSIGHTi Federal Guidelines, Testing, and Certification for Electronic Poll Books (E-Poll Books) Updated December 15, 2023 The U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) oversees a program to test and certify voting systems to a set of voluntary federal guidelines known as the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG). No similar federal guidelines, testing, or certification have been available for ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IF11159 |
Title
Updated December 15, 2023 The Retirement Savings Contribution Credit and the Saver s Match The Retirement Savings Contribution Credit (Internal Revenue Code [I.R.C.] 25B) commonly referred to as the Saver s Credit is a tax expenditure meant to encourage low- and moderate-income taxpayers to save for retirement. The SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022 ( SECURE 2.0 ; Division T of P.L. 117-328) included a ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11083 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Impeachment Investigations, Part II: Access Updated December 15, 2023 On December 13, 2023, the House directed a trio of House committees to continue their ongoing investigations into whether sufficient grounds exist to impeach President Joe Biden. The inquiry, which is being led by the Committee on Oversight and Accountability in coordination with the Judiciary Committee and the ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IN12288 |
Title
INSIGHTi Is Climate Change Influencing Wildfires? Climate Change Effects on Wildfires in the United States December 15, 2023 According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), climate change-driven increases in temperature, drought, and atmospheric drying have led to an increase in wildfire risk and wildfire burned area in the western United States. It is the assessment of ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2023 |
Report No. IN12289 |
Title
INSIGHTi Law Enforcement Use of Artificial Intelligence and Directives in the 2023 Executive Order December 15, 2023 The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has expanded in a variety of arenas, including by law enforcement. AI has been broadly conceptualized as computerized systems operating in ways often thought to require human intelligence. It is defined in the U.S. Code (15 U.S.C. 9401(3)) as ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2023 |
Report No. R47875 |
Title
Military Tuition Assistance Program: Background and Issues December 14, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47875 SUMMARY Military Tuition Assistance Program: Background and Considerations for Congress Congress has provided authority to the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) to fund off-duty voluntary education for Active and Reserve Component servicemembers. ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2023 |
Report No. IF12017 |
Title
Updated December 14, 2023 Farm Bill Primer: Horticulture Title and Related Provisions Beginning in 2008, enacted farm bill legislation has included a horticulture title covering specialty crops and certified organic products. Over the years, this title has included provisions supporting locally sourced products (not limited to crops) and hemp cultivation. Upon enactment of the Agriculture ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2023 |
Report No. IF10231 |
Title
Updated December 14, 2023 Tracking Federal Awards in States and Congressional Districts Using USAspending.gov Overview USAspending.gov, available to the public at http://www.USAspending.gov, is a government source for data on federal awards by state, congressional district (CD), zip code, city, and county. The awards data in USAspending.gov is provided by federal agencies and represents grants, ...
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| Date Dec. 13, 2023 |
Report No. R45517 |
Title
CRS Seminars on Disruptive Technologies: Videos Updated December 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45517 CRS Seminars on Disruptive Technologies: Videos Contents Advanced Battery Energy Storage .................................................................................................. 1 Artificial Intelligence ...
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| Date Dec. 13, 2023 |
Report No. R40424 |
Title
Senate Committee Funding Requests and Authorizations, 106th-118th Congresses Updated December 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40424 SUMMARY Senate Committee Funding Requests and Authorizations, 106th-118th Congresses In the Senate, a biennial funding process applies to all Senate committees except Appropriations and Ethics, which have permanent ...
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| Date Dec. 13, 2023 |
Report No. TE10090 |
Title
Statement of Justin C. Chung Legislative Attorney Before Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on Growth of the Tax-Exempt Sector and the Impact on the American Political Landscape December 13, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10090 Congressional Research Service 1 Executive Summary Chairman Schweikert, ...
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| Date Dec. 13, 2023 |
Report No. IF12548 |
Title
December 13, 2023 How the Credit Card Competition Act of 2023 Could Affect Consumers, Merchants, and Banks When a consumer makes a payment with a credit card, a small portion of the transaction is used to compensate the merchant s bank, the payment processors, the payment network, and the consumer s bank each of which play a role in facilitating the transaction. (More on transaction fees, or swipe ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2023 |
Report No. R47874 |
Title
Cohort Default Rates and HEA Title IV Eligibility: Background and Analysis December 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47874 SUMMARY Cohort Default Rates and HEA Title IV Eligibility: Background and Analysis Most institutions of higher education (IHEs) that participate in the federal Pell Grant and Direct Loan programs the primary federal financial aid ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2023 |
Report No. RS21212 |
Title
Agricultural Disaster Assistance Updated December 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21212 SUMMARY Agricultural Disaster Assistance The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers programs to help farmers recover financially from natural disasters, including drought and floods. Most programs have permanent authorization, and one requires a federal disaster ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2023 |
Report No. IF11267 |
Title
Updated December 12, 2023 Coup-Related Restrictions in U.S. Foreign Aid Appropriations Events in Africa and Burma have brought attention to a provision in annual State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriations legislation that restricts U.S. foreign assistance following a coup d tat. What Is Section 7008? In its current form (P.L. 117-328, Division K, carried into FY2024 via ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2023 |
Report No. 98-972 |
Title
Federal Employees Retirement System: Summary of Recent Trends Updated December 12, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-972 Federal Employees Retirement System: Summary of Recent Trends Summary This report describes recent trends in the characteristics of annuitants and current employees covered by the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) and the Federal ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2023 |
Report No. IN12286 |
Title
INSIGHTi The AI Executive Order and Its Potential Implications for DOD December 12, 2023 On October 20, 2023, President Biden issued an Executive Order (E.O.) on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence (E.O. 14110). The order provides guidance on standards for artificial intelligence (AI) safety and security. It supplements a number of related U.S. ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2023 |
Report No. R45033 |
Title
Nuclear Negotiations with North Korea Updated December 11, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45033 Nuclear Negotiations with North Korea Summary Since the late 1980s, when U.S. officials became aware that North Korea was actively pursuing nuclear weapons capabilities, U.S. administrations have used a combination of pressure, deterrence, and diplomacy to try to ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11089 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (December 4 December 10, 2023) December 11, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11088 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Arellano v. McDonough: Veterans Disability Benefits and Equitable Tolling December 11, 2023 On January 23, 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Arellano v. McDonough. The case involved a U.S. Navy veteran, Adolfo Arellano, with a service-connected psychiatric disability resulting from an incident that occurred on board an aircraft carrier in 1980. Mr. Arellano was honorably ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IN12287 |
Title
INSIGHTi National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report on Ligado Networks and the Interference Debate December 11, 2023 On April 19, 2020, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved an application by Ligado Networks, a U.S. telecommunications company, to deploy a terrestrial network within the United States using segments of L-Band spectrum spectrum typically used for ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IF12547 |
Title
December 11, 2023 The Public Housing Program The low-rent public housing program authorized by Section 9 of the U.S. Housing Act of 1937 is the nation s oldest federal rental assistance program. It offers low-cost apartments for low-income households. While it is arguably the most well-known federal housing program, it is not the largest. The number of units in the program has been declining as ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IF12544 |
Title
December 11, 2023 Department of Agriculture s Emergency Relief Program (ERP) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers a suite of programs that assists farmers and ranchers with recovering from a natural disaster. Many of these programs are permanently authorized and receive funding from mandatory sources. Since 2018, Congress has provided more than $19 billion in supplemental ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IN12023 |
Title
INSIGHTi National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report on Ligado Networks and the Interference Debate Updated December 11, 2023 On April 19, 2020, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved an application by Ligado Networks, a U.S. telecommunications company, to deploy a terrestrial network within the United States using segments of L-Band spectrum spectrum typically ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IF12543 |
Title
December 11, 2023 Has the Federal Reserve Achieved a Soft Landing in 2023? Since the Federal Reserve (Fed) began raising rates in response to high inflation in March 2022, it has been trying to achieve a soft landing a return to low inflation while maintaining moderate economic growth. By contrast, a majority of private sector economists had, until recently, predicted that the Fed s actions would ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IF12545 |
Title
December 11, 2023 The Section 8 Project-Based Rental Assistance Program The Section 8 Project-Based Rental Assistance (PBRA) program subsidizes the rents of low-income individuals and families through rental assistance contracts between the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and private property owners. Named for Section 8 of the Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f), it was created ...
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| Date Dec. 11, 2023 |
Report No. IF12546 |
Title
December 11, 2023 The Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program The Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program is the nation s largest rental assistance program. Authorized under Section 8 of the Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)), it subsidizes the rents of more than 2.3 million households (5 million people), and its funding accounts for more than half the budget of the Department of ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2023 |
Report No. R47872 |
Title
Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Under the Inflation Reduction Act: Industry Responses and Potential Effects December 8, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47872 SUMMARY Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Under the Inflation Reduction Act: Industry Responses and Potential Effects The 2022 budget reconciliation legislation commonly known as the Inflation Reduction Act ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2023 |
Report No. IF12541 |
Title
December 8, 2023 Iran and Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) The October 7, 2023, attack by Hamas (a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization) on Israel and the ensuing conflict have increased U.S. government scrutiny on Iran, a longtime backer of Hamas. The United States maintains broad economic sanctions against Iran and, following the attacks on Israel, some Members have taken renewed interest ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2023 |
Report No. IN12284 |
Title
INSIGHTi COP28 and Global Health December 8, 2023 In 1995, delegates from Parties and observer States to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change met in Berlin, Germany, for the first Conference of the Parties (COP) to identify and assess climate measures under the agreement. Subsequent COP meetings have reassessed progress and priorities annually. At the 28th COP, which ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2023 |
Report No. LSB10972 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Montana s TikTok Ban, an Injunction, and Pending Legal Actions Updated December 8, 2023 On November 30, 2023, a U.S. district judge issued a preliminary injunction preventing Montana from enforcing a ban on TikTok s operations in the state. According to media reporting, while a number of states have some type of proscription of TikTok platform usage, Montana s law (SB 419) ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2023 |
Report No. IN12285 |
Title
INSIGHTi Implementation Status of HOTMA Income and Rent Changes December 8, 2023 Between January 1, 2024, and January 1, 2025, the way that incomes and rents are calculated for the roughly 5 million households that participate in federal rental assistance programs will change, as the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) finalizes implementation of the Housing Opportunity Through ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11087 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Title VI and Peer-to-Peer Racial Harassment at School: Federal Appellate Decisions December 8, 2023 Section 601 of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin in federally funded programs. While that mandate applies broadly to federally funded programs of various types, one significant area that Title VI covers is ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2023 |
Report No. R47379 |
Title
Resources for Financial Market Data Updated December 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47379 SUMMARY Resources for Financial Market Data The U.S. financial system contains large and active markets for stocks, bonds, and commodities, as well as digital assets (e.g., cryptocurrencies) and other financial instruments. This report describes authoritative, open- ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2023 |
Report No. R47869 |
Title
FY2023 National Defense Authorization Act: Overview of Funding Authorizations December 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47869 SUMMARY FY2023 National Defense Authorization Act: Overview of Funding Authorizations The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) is policy legislation typically introduced and reported each year by the House and Senate Committees on ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2023 |
Report No. R47863 |
Title
The Privacy Act of 1974: Overview and Issues for Congress December 7, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47863 SUMMARY The Privacy Act of 1974: Overview and Issues for Congress The Privacy Act of 1974 (Privacy Act; 5 U.S.C. 552a) prescribes how federal agency records with individually identifying information are to be stored, who may access such information, and ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2023 |
Report No. R47382 |
Title
Congressional Control over the Supreme Court Updated December 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47382 SUMMARY Congressional Control over the Supreme Court The Constitution s Framers structured the Constitution to promote the separation of powers and protect the federal courts from undue influence by Congress and the executive branch. Among the federal courts, ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2023 |
Report No. R46013 |
Title
Impeachment and the Constitution Updated December 6, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46013 SUMMARY Impeachment and the Constitution The Constitution grants Congress authority to impeach and remove the President, Vice President, and other federal civil officers for Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. Impeachment is one of the various checks ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2023 |
Report No. IN12283 |
Title
INSIGHTi Commercial Real Estate Markets and Potential Macroeconomic Stress December 6, 2023 The commercial real estate (CRE) industry comprises different real estate sectors, including office, industrial, and retail space, as well as multifamily housing (e.g., apartments). Recent economic trends have some economists concerned about conditions in CRE markets, although economic conditions affect ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2023 |
Report No. IN12173 |
Title
INSIGHTi Expired and Expiring National Institutes of Health (NIH) Provisions Updated December 6, 2023 The National Institutes of Health (NIH), based in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), is the primary federal agency responsible for medical and health research. NIH is made up of 27 Institutes and Centers and the Office of the Director (OD). In addition, Congress established a new ...
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| Date Dec. 6, 2023 |
Report No. IF10814 |
Title
Updated December 6, 2023 Belarus: An Overview Belarus, located in eastern Europe, is a close ally of Russia. Alexander Lukashenko, an authoritarian leader, has served as president of Belarus for almost 30 years. Lukashenko has increased Belarus s dependency on Russia since 2020, when the Belarusian government launched a crackdown on political opposition and civil society that human rights monitors ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2023 |
Report No. IF10622 |
Title
Updated December 5, 2023 USDA s Organic Livestock and Poultry Standards Regulations In November 2023, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) finalized its Organic Livestock and Poultry Standards (OLPS) rulemaking (88 Federal Register 75394). The final rule updates regulations under USDA s National Organic Program (NOP) to promote animal welfare and encourage consistent livestock production ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11086 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Displacement of the State Secrets Privilege and Article II December 5, 2023 Supreme Court cases addressing the state secrets privilege are few and far between. Before the 2021 term, when the applicability of the privilege was at issue in two cases, the Court had addressed it in only four cases, the last one decided a decade earlier. One of the cases of the 2021 term ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2023 |
Report No. IF12178 |
Title
Updated December 5, 2023 India: Climate Change Issues Global climate change presents multiple challenges to India. The country is faced with meeting its energy and economic development needs, reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and addressing the potential impacts of climate change. India is among the world s top emitters of GHGs, including carbon dioxide (CO2), along with China, the ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2023 |
Report No. IG10042 |
Title
Federal Tax Lien Enforcement December 5, 2023 Author Information Justin C. Chung Legislative Attorney Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied ...
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| Date Dec. 4, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11085 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (November 27 December 3, 2023) December 4, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Dec. 4, 2023 |
Report No. R47862 |
Title
Electricity Transmission: What Is the Role of the Federal Government? December 4, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47862 SUMMARY Electricity Transmission: What Is the Role of the Federal Government? Electricity transmission is central to the operation of the electricity system, and so has been of longstanding interest to Congress. Interest in electricity ...
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