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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. LSB10889 |
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Legal Sidebari Regulating Big Tech: CRS Legal Products for the 118th Congress Updated January 29, 2024 In recent years, some Members of Congress have expressed interest in expanding regulation of the major technology companies, often referred to as Big Tech. Members have introduced a wide variety of proposals intended to achieve a number of distinct goals. Some proposals have focused on ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. R47837 |
Title
Service-Contingent Federal Student Loan Forgiveness and Loan Repayment Programs Updated January 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47837 SUMMARY Service-Contingent Federal Student Loan Forgiveness and Loan Repayment Programs Student loan forgiveness and loan repayment programs enable borrowers to have all or part of their student loan debt forgiven or repaid ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. R47910 |
Title
The Restoring Hope for Mental Health and Well-Being Act of 2022 (Division FF, Title I of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023): Section-by-Section Summary January 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47910 SUMMARY The Restoring Hope for Mental Health and Well-Being Act of 2022 (Division FF, Title I of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. R40767 |
Title
How Treasury Issues Debt Updated January 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40767 SUMMARY How Treasury Issues Debt The U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury), among other roles, manages the country s debt. The primary objective of Treasury s debt management strategy is to finance the government s borrowing needs at the lowest cost over time. To accomplish ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. R47083 |
Title
El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations Updated January 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47083 SUMMARY El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations Congress maintains interest in El Salvador, a small Central American nation, due to the history of U.S. involvement in the country and extensive cultural ties. A large percentage of El Salvador s population has ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11111 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (January 22 January 28, 2024) January 29, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. R47909 |
Title
Small Business Administration (SBA) Business Loan Program Rule Changes in the 118th Congress: Background and Summary January 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47909 SUMMARY Small Business Administration (SBA) Business Loan Program Rule Changes in the 118th Congress R47909 January 29, 2024 Anthony A. Cilluffo Analyst in Public Finance In April 2023, the Small ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11052 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Artificial Intelligence Prompts Renewed Consideration of a Federal Right of Publicity Updated January 29, 2024 Recent uses of artificial intelligence (AI) to create realistic images, videos, replicas, or voice simulations of real people have prompted some Members of Congress to call for federal legislation to protect the right of publicity (or ROP, for short). The ROP is often ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. R44770 |
Title
History, Evolution, and Practices of the President s State of the Union Address: Frequently Asked Questions Updated January 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44770 History, Evolution, and Practices of the President s State of the Union Address: FAQs Summary The State of the Union address is a communication from the President to Congress in which the chief ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. R47908 |
Title
The Department of the Interior s Tribal Probate Process: In Brief January 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47908 The Department of the Interior s Tribal Probate Process: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 DOI s Tribal Probate ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. IN12115 |
Title
DOE s Regulations on Gas Stoves Updated January 29, 2024 A U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) program regulates energy consumption of conventional cooking products, including gas stoves, using authority under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. 94-163), as amended. DOE issued a direct final rule (pre-publication version) in January 2024 that sets maximum annual energy consumption ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. IN12311 |
Title
INSIGHTi Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Cybersecurity Provisions January 29, 2024 The disruption of a safe and reliable water supply remains a concern related to the protection of public health. Several events have increased attention to water system security, including malicious cyber activities affecting devices used by some systems. Water systems are one type of critical infrastructure (CI) ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. IN12310 |
Title
INSIGHTi The 2024 National Defense Industrial Strategy: Issues for Congress January 29, 2024 The National Defense Industrial Strategy On January 11, 2024, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) publicly released its first-ever National Defense Industrial Strategy (NDIS). According to DOD s Assistant Secretary of Defense for Industrial Base Policy the official responsible for day-to-day oversight of ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12577 |
Title
January 29, 2024 Governing the District of Columbia: Overview and Timeline The U.S. Constitution provides for the creation of a district to serve as the permanent seat of the federal government. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17 also grants Congress plenary legislative authority over that district. Since the establishment of the District of Columbia, the appropriate form and method of local ...
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| Date Jan. 26, 2024 |
Report No. RS21372 |
Title
The European Union: Questions and Answers Updated January 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21372 SUMMARY The European Union: Questions and Answers The European Union (EU) is a political and economic partnership that represents a unique form of cooperation among sovereign countries. The EU is the latest stage in a process of integration begun after World War ...
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| Date Jan. 26, 2024 |
Report No. IN12299 |
Title
INSIGHTi Foreign Country Actions to Place the IsraelHamas Conflict Before International Courts Updated January 26, 2024 The escalation since October 7, 2023, in the Israel-Hamas conflict has reportedly resulted in significant civilian casualties; destruction of civilian residential areas and infrastructure, including hospitals and schools; and the displacement of approximately 85% of Gaza s ...
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| Date Jan. 26, 2024 |
Report No. IG10045 |
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Economic Development Administration (EDA) Disaster Recovery Funding January 26, 2024 Author Information Julie M. Lawhorn Analyst in Economic Development Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of ...
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| Date Jan. 25, 2024 |
Report No. R47313 |
Title
Next Farm Bill Primer Series Updated January 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47313 Next Farm Bill Primer Series Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Overview ...
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| Date Jan. 25, 2024 |
Report No. R45769 |
Title
The Impeachment Process in the House of Representatives Updated January 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45769 SUMMARY The Impeachment Process in the House of Representatives Under the U.S. Constitution, the House of Representatives has the power to formally charge a federal officer with wrongdoing, a process known as impeachment. The House impeaches an ...
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| Date Jan. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IN12147 |
Title
INSIGHTi Debt Limit Policy Questions: How Long Do Extraordinary Measures Last? Updated January 25, 2024 Extraordinary measures are operations undertaken by the Department of Treasury to prevent a binding debt limit. Federal debt subject to the statutory limit, codified at 31 U.S.C. 3101, cannot legally exceed that limit. This Insight examines the factors that influence how long extraordinary ...
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| Date Jan. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IN12308 |
Title
INSIGHTi The AI Executive Order and Considerations for Federal Privacy Policy January 25, 2024 On October 30, 2023, President Biden issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14110 on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. This E.O. advances a coordinated approach to the responsible development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) and directs agencies to mitigate ...
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| Date Jan. 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF10821 |
Title
Updated January 25, 2024 Price-Anderson Act: Nuclear Power Industry Liability Limits and Compensation to the Public After Radioactive Releases Since the establishment of the nuclear power industry in the 1950s, the issue of how to handle nuclear accident liability has been regularly debated in Congress. From the beginning, it was argued that commercialization of nuclear energy would require ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF12101 |
Title
Updated January 24, 2024 Farm Bill Primer: Disaster Assistance A number of federal programs help agricultural producers recover from the effects of natural disasters, including the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP), livestock and fruit tree disaster programs, and ad hoc assistance. With the exception of ad hoc assistance, all programs are permanently authorized and receive such ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2024 |
Report No. IN12307 |
Title
INSIGHTi September 12, 2023, Is Estimated to Be the Beginning of the Congressional Review Act Lookback Period January 24, 2024 The Congressional Review Act (CRA, 5 U.S.C. 801-808) is an oversight tool that Congress may use to consider a joint resolution overturning a rule issued by a federal agency. Under the act, when a rule is finalized and submitted to Congress, a finite time window begins ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11110 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Tester Lawsuits Under the Americans with Disabilities Act January 24, 2024 This term, the Supreme Court granted review in Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Laufer, a case asking whether testers (people who seek to identify legal violations but do not necessarily intend to patronize the business they are investigating) have standing to enforce a disability law regulation. On December 5, 2023, ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11107 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court to Consider Request to Stay EPA s Good Neighbor Interstate Air Pollution Rule Updated January 24, 2024 On February 21, 2024, the Supreme Court is scheduled to hear argument on applications to postpone implementation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) Good Neighbor Plan, a rule addressing interstate transport of ozone pollution. The Good Neighbor Plan ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2024 |
Report No. RL34498 |
Title
Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption: 1988 to 2024 Updated January 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34498 SUMMARY Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption: 1988 to 2024 RL34498 January 23, 2024 Gary Guenther Analyst in Public Finance This report tracks changes in federal ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IN12263 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 NDAA: Military Mental Health Strategy Development and Program Assessment Provisions Updated January 23, 2024 Background Congress authorizes, through the annual National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), Department of Defense (DOD) mental health programs and services that support servicemembers, military retirees, and their families. DOD administers mental health programs that offer ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11109 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (January 16 January 21, 2024) January 23, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2024 |
Report No. R46402 |
Title
The Section 199A Deduction: How It Works and Illustrative Examples Updated January 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46402 SUMMARY The Section 199A Deduction: How It Works and Illustrative Examples Congress made numerous changes to the taxation of individuals and corporate and noncorporate businesses as part of P.L. 115-97 (commonly known as the Tax Cuts and ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2024 |
Report No. R47422 |
Title
Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS): In Brief Updated January 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47422 SUMMARY Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS): In Brief Child Care Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) grants are provided to institutions of higher education (IHEs) by the federal government to support or establish campus ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IN12268 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 NDAA: Military Mental Health Workforce Provisions Updated January 23, 2024 Background Congress authorizes, through the annual National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), Department of Defense (DOD) mental health programs and services that support servicemembers, military retirees, and their families. DOD administers mental health programs that offer education; awareness; crisis ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IN12254 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 NDAA: Department of Defense Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation (CAPE) Updated January 23, 2024 The U.S. Department of Defense s (DOD) Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation (CAPE) provides independent analysis of the cost and performance of major weapons systems and plays a key role in developing the DOD budget. CAPE was established in 2009 pursuant to the ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2024 |
Report No. R47898 |
Title
Ethiopia: In Brief Updated January 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47898 SUMMARY Ethiopia: In Brief Ethiopia is Africa s oldest independent state and second most populous country. It is the seat of the African Union (AU) and an influential regional actor. Once a subject of Cold War competition, Ethiopia became a partner for the United States its largest ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2024 |
Report No. IF12550 |
Title
Updated January 23, 2024 China-Philippines Tensions in the South China Sea Overview In 2023, the People s Republic of China (PRC, or China) increased pressure on the Philippines to abandon one of its nine outposts in the Spratly Islands chain in the South China Sea (SCS) and attempted to deny Philippine vessels access to parts of its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) that China claims as its own ...
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| Date Jan. 22, 2024 |
Report No. R45484 |
Title
The Disaster Relief Fund: Overview and Issues Updated January 22, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45484 SUMMARY The Disaster Relief Fund: Overview and Issues The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is one of the most-tracked single accounts funded by Congress each year. Managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), it is the primary source of funding for ...
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| Date Jan. 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF11056 |
Title
Updated January 22, 2024 Prescription Drug Importation In the context of rising drug prices, the possibility of importing prescription drugs from other countries at lower prices is again being debated. Generally, the importation or reimportation of a prescription drug that does not meet Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements is prohibited. The policy debate has centered on creating a ...
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| Date Jan. 22, 2024 |
Report No. IN12226 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Debate over Extending the Section 199A Deduction for Qualified Business Income Updated January 22, 2024 The 2017 tax law (P.L. 115-97, commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act or TCJA) made significant changes to the taxation of business income. For C corporations, the act permanently reduced the corporate tax rate from a top graduated rate of 35% for tax years beginning before ...
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| Date Jan. 22, 2024 |
Report No. IF12576 |
Title
January 22, 2024 EDA s Disaster Economic Recovery and Resiliency Roles Since 2011 Congress has provided $1.9 billion in supplemental funding for long-term disaster recovery for selected incidents under the Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration s (EDA s) economic adjustment assistance (EAA) program (42 U.S.C. 3149(c)(2), 3233). Congress may seek to review EDA s implementation ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2024 |
Report No. R47628 |
Title
Housing Issues in the 118th Congress Updated January 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47628 SUMMARY Housing Issues in the 118th Congress Housing affordability is a perennial policy issue, but it has become particularly salient in recent years in light of notable increases in house prices and rents, rising mortgage interest rates, and housing supply ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2024 |
Report No. R47894 |
Title
Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind on the Marine Ecosystem and Associated Species: Background and Issues for Congress Updated January 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47894 SUMMARY Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind on the Marine Ecosystem and Associated Species: Background and Issues for Congress Offshore wind energy is one alternative to energy derived ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2024 |
Report No. RS22889 |
Title
The National Directory of New Hires: An Overview Updated January 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22889 SUMMARY The National Directory of New Hires: An Overview RS22889 January 19, 2024 Jessica Tollestrup Specialist in Social Policy The National Directory of New Hires (NDNH) is a database (part of the Federal Parent Locator Service [FPLS]) that contains ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2024 |
Report No. IN12242 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 NDAA: Military Mental Health Care and Research Provisions Updated January 19, 2024 Background Congress authorizes, through the annual National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), Department of Defense (DOD) mental health programs and services that support servicemembers, military retirees, and their families. DOD administers mental health programs that offer education; awareness; ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2024 |
Report No. IN12302 |
Title
INSIGHTi Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Pregnancy Centers Updated January 19, 2024 The House has passed legislation (H.R. 6918) seeking to forestall the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) from implementing a proposed regulation that might limit the use of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant funds at pregnancy centers. The bill defines a ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2024 |
Report No. R44967 |
Title
Congress s Power over Court Decisions: Jurisdiction Stripping and the Rule of Klein Updated January 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44967 Congress s Power over Court Decisions: Jurisdiction Stripping and the Rule of Klein Summary Article III of the Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government, creating a federal judiciary with ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2024 |
Report No. IF10017 |
Title
Updated January 19, 2024 Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) Ex-Im Bank, the official U.S. government export credit agency (ECA), has a mission to support U.S. jobs by financing and facilitating U.S. goods and services exports. Operating under a renewable, general statutory charter (Export-Import Bank Act of 1945, as amended; 12 U.S.C. 635 et seq.), it aims to support U.S. exports ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2024 |
Report No. IF12573 |
Title
January 19, 2024 SEC Approves Bitcoin Exchange-Traded Products (ETPs) On January 10, 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved 11 spot Bitcoin exchangetraded product (ETP) Rule 19b-4 applications. U.S. Bitcoin ETP proposals first appeared more than a decade ago, but these were the first spot Bitcoin ETPs (as opposed to Bitcoin futures ETPs, explained in more detail below) to be ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2024 |
Report No. R47902 |
Title
Improper Payments in Pandemic Assistance Programs January 19, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47902 SUMMARY Improper Payments in Pandemic Assistance Programs R47902 January 19, 2024 Garrett Hatch Specialist in American Congress provided approximately $4.6 trillion to individuals, businesses, and state and local National Government governments to mitigate the ...
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| Date Jan. 18, 2024 |
Report No. R47900 |
Title
Federal Support of Public Transportation Operating Expenses January 18, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47900 SUMMARY Federal Support of Public Transportation Operating Expenses R47900 January 18, 2024 William J. Mallett Specialist in The costs of providing public transportation service fall into two main categories: operating Transportation Policy expenses and ...
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| Date Jan. 18, 2024 |
Report No. IN12305 |
Title
INSIGHTi Boeing 737-9 Max Grounded Amid Renewed Concerns About Manufacturing Quality and Product Safety January 18, 2024 On January 5, 2024, a Boeing 737-9 Max airplane operated by Alaska Airlines experienced an in-flight separation of a door plug shortly after departure from Portland International Airport, Oregon, for a scheduled flight to Ontario, California. The airplane made an emergency ...
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