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| Date Jan. 5, 2024 |
Report No. R47893 |
Title
Selected Recent Actions Involving Foreign Ownership and Investment in U.S. Food and Agriculture: In Brief January 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47893 Foreign Ownership and Investment in U.S. Food and Agriculture: In Brief Contents Selected Legislative Efforts to Amend Existing Authorities ..................................................... 1 Selected ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2024 |
Report No. RL34619 |
Title
Use of the Capitol Rotunda, Capitol Grounds, and Emancipation Hall: Concurrent Resolutions, 101st to 118th Congresses Updated January 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34619 SUMMARY Use of the Capitol Rotunda, Capitol Grounds, and Emancipation Hall: Concurrent Resolutions, 101st to 118th Congresses RL34619 January 5, 2024 Jacob R. Straus Specialist on the ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF10499 |
Title
Updated January 5, 2024 Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA): An Overview In 1938, the Foreign Agents Registration Act (22 U.S.C. 611-621; FARA) was enacted to require individuals doing political or advocacy work on behalf of foreign entities in the United States to register with the Department of Justice (DOJ) and to disclose their relationship, activities, receipts, and disbursements in ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF12564 |
Title
January 5, 2024 India s Economy: Overview and Issues for Congress India s economy its current performance and potential attracts significant U.S. commercial attention. Since 2000, U.S. Administrations and Congresses have sought to deepen U.S. economic ties with India, based on shared interests between the United States and India, including regarding China. During the Biden Administration, such ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2024 |
Report No. R45287 |
Title
Private Bills: Procedure in the House Updated January 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45287 SUMMARY Private Bills: Procedure in the House A private bill is one that provides benefits to specified individuals (including corporate bodies). Individuals sometimes request relief through private law when administrative or legal remedies are exhausted, but Congress ...
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| Date Jan. 5, 2024 |
Report No. R47892 |
Title
The Marine Mammal Protection Act (P.L. 92-522): Primer and Issues for Congress January 5, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47892 SUMMARY The Marine Mammal Protection Act (P.L. 92-522): Primer and Issues for Congress R47892 January 5, 2024 Anthony R. Marshak Analyst in Natural Congress passed the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) in 1972 (P.L. 92-522; 16 U.S.C. ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R47890 |
Title
Democracy and Human Rights in U.S. Foreign Policy: Tools and Considerations for Congress January 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47890 SUMMARY Democracy and Human Rights in U.S. Foreign Policy: Tools and Considerations for Congress R47890 January 4, 2024 Michael A. Weber Analyst in Foreign Affairs U.S. law declares the promotion and protection of democracy, ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2024 |
Report No. R46751 |
Title
Section 230: An Overview Updated January 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46751 SUMMARY Section 230: An Overview Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934, enacted as part of the Communications Decency Act of 1996, provides limited federal immunity to providers and users of interactive computer services. The statute generally precludes providers and users ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IN12210 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 NDAA: Status of Legislative Activity Updated January 4, 2024 By law (31 U.S.C. 1105(a)), the President is to send the annual federal budget request to Congress by the first Monday in February. In practice, Presidents sometimes send it later. On March 9, 2023, President Joseph R. Biden submitted initial documentation supporting the FY2024 budget request, including proposed funding ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IN12295 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. District Court Nominees Confirmed During the First Three Years of the Biden Presidency: Overview and Analysis January 4, 2024 This Insight provides statistics related to the nomination and confirmation of U.S. district court nominees during the first three years of the Biden presidency. This Insight also provides comparative statistics from each of the presidencies of President Joe ...
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| Date Jan. 4, 2024 |
Report No. IN11981 |
Title
INSIGHTi Electricity Transmission Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 Updated January 4, 2024 On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law P.L. 117-169, commonly known as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA). The IRA contains several provisions aimed at incentivizing increased development of electricity transmission infrastructure in the United States. Many stakeholders ...
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| Date Jan. 3, 2024 |
Report No. R47891 |
Title
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): A Primer January 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47891 SUMMARY National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): A Primer R47891 January 3, 2024 Daniel Morgan Specialist in Science and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established in 1958 by the Technology Policy National ...
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| Date Jan. 3, 2024 |
Report No. IN12179 |
Title
INSIGHTi DOE s Proposed Regulation on Electricity Distribution Transformers Updated January 3, 2024 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) regulates the energy efficiency of electricity distribution transformers using authority under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (P.L. 94-163), as amended. DOE issued a proposed rule on January 11, 2023, that, if finalized, would raise the minimum efficiency ...
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| Date Jan. 3, 2024 |
Report No. IN12294 |
Title
INSIGHTi Selected Outcomes of COP28: Agriculture and Food Systems January 3, 2024 The 2023 Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its subsidiary agreement, the Paris Agreement, took place in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), in December 2023. Among other outcomes, COP28 concluded with a series of outcomes at the nexus between ...
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| Date Jan. 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF12563 |
Title
January 3, 2024 Patent-Eligible Subject Matter Reform: An Overview The U.S. patent system is designed to encourage innovation. The types of inventions that can be patented, however, may affect the patent system s ability to incentivize innovation in certain fields, especially in emerging technology sectors like artificial intelligence (AI) and biotechnology. This In Focus summarizes and analyzes ...
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| Date Jan. 2, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11099 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (December 26, 2023 January 1, 2024) January 2, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of ...
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| Date Jan. 2, 2024 |
Report No. IF12561 |
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January 2, 2024 Connecting Constituents with Federal Assistance for the Arts and Humanities The National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities is the primary vehicle for federal support for the arts and the humanities. Established in 1965, the Foundation currently consists of three agencies: the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), and the ...
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| Date Jan. 2, 2024 |
Report No. IN12217 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 NDAA: Military Spouse Employment Matters Updated January 2, 2024 Background The Department of Defense (DOD) provides certain benefits and services to military servicemember spouses as part of broader quality of life programs to support recruitment and retention. The unpredictable nature of military service, along with frequent permanent change of station (PCS) moves for military ...
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| Date Jan. 2, 2024 |
Report No. LSB10993 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Regulating Gender in School Sports: An Overview of Legal Challenges to State Laws Updated January 2, 2024 Public debate over the participation of transgender women in women s sports has proliferated in recent years, raising questions of fairness in contexts ranging from the Olympics to elementary school sports teams. School districts and athletics associations typically regulate who ...
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| Date Jan. 2, 2024 |
Report No. IN12202 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 NDAA: Military Child Care Programs Updated January 2, 2024 Background The Department of Defense (DOD) operates the largest employer-sponsored child care program in the United States, serving approximately 200,000 children of servicemembers and DOD civilians. DOD s child development programs (CDPs) are part of a broader package of quality of life benefits for servicemembers and ...
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| Date Dec. 29, 2023 |
Report No. R45408 |
Title
The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP): Background and Funding Updated December 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45408 SUMMARY The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP): Background and Funding R45408 December 29, 2023 Kara Clifford Billings Analyst in Social Policy The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) is a federal food distribution ...
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| Date Dec. 29, 2023 |
Report No. R47885 |
Title
Understanding and Conceptualizing Domestic Terrorism: Issues for Congress December 29, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47885 SUMMARY Understanding and Conceptualizing Domestic Terrorism: Issues for Congress R47885 December 29, 2023 Lisa N. Sacco Analyst in Illicit Drugs and The federal government defines domestic terrorism (DT) as ideologically driven crimes ...
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| Date Dec. 29, 2023 |
Report No. IF12562 |
Title
December 29, 2023 Asia Elections in 2024 In 2024, a number elections in Asia could have implications for U.S. policy in the region. Scheduled and expected election dates are listed below in chronological order; snapshots of the key issues for selected elections may be found on the following page. Note: The timeline is arranged by scheduled date, or where applicable, the date the election is due. ...
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| Date Dec. 29, 2023 |
Report No. IN12205 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 NDAA: Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC) Matters Updated December 29, 2023 Background The Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC) is a congressionally mandated and funded Department of Defense (DOD) program of instruction with participation of approximately 500,000 students in more than 3,400 secondary schools. It is administered by the military departments (Army ...
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| Date Dec. 29, 2023 |
Report No. IN12209 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 NDAA: Summary of Funding Authorizations Updated December 29, 2023 Of the $910.8 billion requested in the FY2024 President s budget for activities within the national defense budget function, $874.2 billion fell within the scope of the proposed National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (NDAA; H.R. 2670; S. 2226; P.L. 118-31). While the NDAA generally does not provide ...
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| Date Dec. 28, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11097 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Section 230 Immunity and Generative Artificial Intelligence December 28, 2023 Over the past year, technology companies have expanded access to services capable of creating content using artificial intelligence (AI). In February 2023, Microsoft announced an all new, AI-powered Bing search engine that can help you write an email, create a 5-day itinerary for a dream vacation to Hawaii ...
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| Date Dec. 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF12002 |
Title
Updated December 28, 2023 Animal Use in Federal Biomedical Research: A Policy Overview Animals commonly are used in federally funded biomedical research for a number of reasons for example, to better understand the biology of disease or to test the safety and efficacy of medical products. The existing federal policy framework generally seeks to reflect a balance of animal welfare considerations ...
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| Date Dec. 28, 2023 |
Report No. IF12560 |
Title
December 28, 2023 National Environmental Policy Act: An Overview Introduction and Background Since 1970, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) has set forth a national policy with respect to environmental quality. For decades, NEPA has required agencies to integrate environmental considerations into planning and decisionmaking. Further, NEPA s continuing policy has ...
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| Date Dec. 28, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11095 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court to Consider Scope of Federal Arbitration Act s Exemption for Transportation Workers December 28, 2023 The Supreme Court recently granted certiorari in Bissonnette v. LePage Bakeries Park St., LLC, a case involving the Federal Arbitration Act s exemption for interstate transportation workers. Although the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) generally requires federal and ...
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| Date Dec. 27, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11098 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Sheetz v. County of El Dorado: The Court Explores Legislative Exactions and the Takings Clause December 27, 2023 On January 9, 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court is scheduled to hear oral argument in Sheetz v. County of El Dorado. The dispute in this case centers around an exaction, which is a government-imposed requirement that a project developer provide certain public benefits to ...
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| Date Dec. 27, 2023 |
Report No. IF11336 |
Title
Updated December 27, 2023 Recent Developments in Everglades Restoration Overview What Is the Everglades? The Everglades is a unique network of subtropical wetlands in South Florida. By the end of the 20th century, the ecosystem had degraded and was approximately half its historical size, due in part to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) water-supply and flood-control projects (as well as ...
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| Date Dec. 26, 2023 |
Report No. R47883 |
Title
Federal Funding for Broadband Deployment: Agencies and Considerations for Congress December 26, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47883 SUMMARY Federal Funding for Broadband Deployment: Agencies and Considerations for Congress Access to high-speed internet, also known as broadband, has been a particular concern of many in Congress. Broadband is deployed ...
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| Date Dec. 26, 2023 |
Report No. R47882 |
Title
Agency Nonacquiescence: An Overview of Constitutional and Practical Considerations December 26, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47882 SUMMARY Agency Nonacquiescence: An Overview of Constitutional and Practical Considerations R47882 December 26, 2023 Benjamin M. Barczewski Legislative Attorney When Congress delegates the power to regulate to a federal agency, it ...
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| Date Dec. 26, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11075 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (December 18 December 25, 2023) Updated December 26, 2023 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and ...
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| Date Dec. 26, 2023 |
Report No. IF10260 |
Title
Updated December 26, 2023 Defense Primer: Military Pay Raise The phrase military pay raise, frequently used in discussions of military compensation, almost always refers to the annual increase in basic pay for members of the uniformed services. By law, basic pay is automatically increased at the start of each calendar year by an amount linked to the change in the Employment Cost Index (ECI), ...
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| Date Dec. 26, 2023 |
Report No. IF11281 |
Title
Updated December 26, 2023 National Park Service Affiliated Areas: An Overview In addition to managing the 428 units of the National Park System, the National Park Service (NPS) manages or assists with other areas that are linked in importance and purpose to this system. These related areas may be recognized by Congress and receive assistance from NPS but are typically owned and administered ...
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| Date Dec. 26, 2023 |
Report No. IF12559 |
Title
December 26, 2023 Legacy Lead-Sheathed Telecommunications Cables: Status and Issues for Congress From the late 1800s through the 1950s, telecommunications companies hung, buried, or placed under water extensive networks of cables containing lead sheaths casing that protects the wires throughout the United States. By the mid-20th century, companies began installing new cables that use non-lead ...
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| Date Dec. 26, 2023 |
Report No. IN12293 |
Title
INSIGHTi HSA@20 Episode Companion: Domestic Terrorism December 26, 2023 This Insight accompanies the Domestic Terrorism episode of The Homeland Security Act at 20 podcast series and includes background information on the issues discussed during the podcast. Defining Terms The federal government defines terrorism as well as domestic and international terrorism in agency policy documents and in ...
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| Date Dec. 22, 2023 |
Report No. IF11079 |
Title
Updated December 22, 2023 National Park Service: Government Shutdown Issues Like other federal agencies, the National Park Service (NPS) has halted most operations during occasional government shutdowns resulting from lapses in appropriations. In the past three decades, such shutdowns occurred in late 1995/early 1996, October 2013, early 2018, and, most recently, from December 22, 2018, to January ...
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| Date Dec. 22, 2023 |
Report No. IN12292 |
Title
INSIGHTi Alleged Indian Role in Transnational Assassination Plots December 22, 2023 The U.S. and Canadian governments have alleged an official Indian role in assassination plots in North America. These developments could affect the tenor and trajectory of the U.S.-India partnership and have attracted congressional attention. Canadian Allegations, September 2023 On September 18, 2023, Canadian ...
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| Date Dec. 22, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11093 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Committee Discretion in Obtaining Witness Testimony December 22, 2023 Early in December 2023, Hunter Biden, son of President Biden, refused to comply with a subpoena issued by the House Committees on Oversight and Accountability and the Judiciary (the Committees) seeking Mr. Biden s testimony in a deposition. Appearing at a press conference shortly before the subpoena deadline, Mr. ...
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| Date Dec. 22, 2023 |
Report No. IF11450 |
Title
Updated December 22, 2023 The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): An Introduction The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), codified at 5 U.S.C. 552, provides the public a right to access federal agency information. Subject to enumerated exemptions and exclusions, agencies must disclose records covered by the act in one of three ways. First, FOIA directs agencies to publish certain important ...
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| Date Dec. 22, 2023 |
Report No. LSB11091 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The First Prosecution Under the War Crimes Act: Overview and International Legal Context December 22, 2023 On December 6, 2023, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) brought an indictment in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia against four members of the Russian armed forces or allied military units (Defendants) for violations of the War Crimes Act of 1996 ...
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| Date Dec. 22, 2023 |
Report No. IF12038 |
Title
Updated December 22, 2023 Farm Bill Primer: Rural Development Title The rural development title of the farm bill reauthorizes, amends, and creates programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development agency. The rural development title also addresses emerging issues affecting rural communities. The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (2018 farm bill; P.L. 115-334) ...
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| Date Dec. 22, 2023 |
Report No. IF12041 |
Title
Updated December 22, 2023 Farm Bill Primer: Rural Broadband Provisions Since 2002, Congress has included provisions addressing rural broadband (i.e., high-speed internet access) in the rural development title of farm bills. The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (2018 farm bill; P.L. 115-334) amended, reauthorized, and codified many of the rural broadband programs administered by the U.S. ...
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| Date Dec. 21, 2023 |
Report No. IF12557 |
Title
December 21, 2023 Local Fiscal Effects of Disasters In addition to potential loss of life and property, natural disasters and other emergencies can cause negative fiscal consequences for local governments. This can occur for a number of reasons. For example, damages may reduce property assessments, thereby lowering property tax revenue, or business closures may reduce employment, possibly reducing ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2023 |
Report No. R47881 |
Title
Long-Term Services and Supports: History of Federal Policy and Programs December 20, 2023 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47881 SUMMARY Long-Term Services and Supports: History of Federal Policy and Programs Long-term services and supports (LTSS) refer to a broad range of health and health-related services and supports needed by individuals who lack the capacity for ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2023 |
Report No. IN11869 |
Title
INSIGHTi Russia s War Against Ukraine: Overview of U.S. Assistance and Sanctions Updated December 20, 2023 On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a new war against Ukraine, a country Russia first invaded in 2014 and has partially occupied for almost a decade. The United States, member states of NATO and the European Union (EU), and other allies have called Russia s war against Ukraine unprovoked ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2023 |
Report No. IF12555 |
Title
December 20, 2023 Permanent Employment-Based Immigration: Labor Certification and Schedule A In recent years, U.S. employers have reported widespread shortages of workers in various occupations. These reported labor shortages reinforce long-standing concerns about U.S. international competitiveness, particularly in science and technology. Immigration scholars assert that immigration policy can be ...
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| Date Dec. 20, 2023 |
Report No. IG10043 |
Title
U.S. Gulf Oil & Natural Gas Assets and Infrastructure December 20, 2023 Author Information Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy Keigh E. Hammond Senior Research Librarian Eva Lipiec Specialist in Natural Resource Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of ...
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