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| Date Nov. 7, 2016 |
Report No. R44680 |
Title
Internet Gambling: Policy Issues for Congress Michaela D. Platzer Specialist in Industrial Organization and Business November 7, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44680 Internet Gambling: Policy Issues for Congress Summary Gambling, once widely outlawed, is now a regulated, taxed activity that is legal in some form bingo, card games, slot machines, state-run lotteries, ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2016 |
Report No. R41509 |
Title
Land Exchanges: Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Process and Issues Carol Hardy Vincent Specialist in Natural Resources Policy November 7, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41509 Land Exchanges: Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Process and Issues Summary The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) conducts land exchanges with other land owners to acquire and dispose of land. The agency ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2016 |
Report No. IF10497 |
Title
November 4, 2016 Global Polio Eradication Efforts Poliomyelitis (polio), formerly a widespread global health challenge, is now endemic in only a handful of countries. Efforts to fully eradicate polio by a target date of 2018 are challenged by a variety of factors, including regional instability. Congress supports polio eradication efforts through USAID and CDC global health appropriations and ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2016 |
Report No. IN10601 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Treasury's Recent Report on Foreign Exchange Rate Policies November 3, 2016 (IN10601) | Related Author Rebecca M. Nelson | Rebecca M. Nelson, Specialist in International Trade and Finance (rnelson@crs.loc.gov, 7-6819) Treasury Reporting Requirements In October 2016, the U.S. Department of Treasury released its semi-annual report, "Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2016 |
Report No. R44181 |
Title
The Vessel Incidental Discharge Act in the 114th Congress: Background and Issues name redacted Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy November 3, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44181 The Vessel Incidental Discharge Act in the 114th Congress: Background and Issues Summary Today stakeholders broadly agree on the need for strong measures to control vessel discharges ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2016 |
Report No. R44675 |
Title
Recent State Election Law Challenges: In Brief L. Paige Whitaker Legislative Attorney November 2, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44675 Recent Election Law Challenges: In Brief Summary During the final months and weeks leading up to the November 8, 2016, presidential election, courts across the country have ruled in numerous challenges to state election laws. For example, ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2016 |
Report No. IF10496 |
Title
November 2, 2016 Protecting Clean Air in National Parks and Wilderness Areas In 1977, major amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA) included provisions for the prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) of air quality. The PSD provisions were enacted for several purposes, including to preserve, protect, and enhance the air quality in national parks, national wilderness areas, national monuments, ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2016 |
Report No. RS21339 |
Title
Congress s Early Organization Meetings Judy Schneider Specialist on the Congress November 2, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21339 Congress s Early Organization Meetings Summary Since the mid-1970s, the House and Senate have convened early organization meetings in November or December of even-numbered years to prepare for the start of the new Congress in January. The ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2016 |
Report No. 94-953 |
Title
Social Services Block Grant: Background and Funding Updated November 1, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 94-953 Social Services Block Grant: Background and Funding Summary The Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) is a flexible source of funds that states use to support a wide variety of social services activities. States have broad discretion over the use of these ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2016 |
Report No. R44673 |
Title
Security Cooperation: Comparison of Proposed Provisions for the FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) Liana W. Rosen Specialist in International Crime and Narcotics Kathleen J. McInnis Analyst in International Security Bolko J. Skorupski Research Assistant Lauren Ploch Blanchard Specialist in African Affairs November 1, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44673 ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2016 |
Report No. R40689 |
Title
Compensated Work Sharing Arrangements (Short-Time Compensation) as an Alternative to Layoffs Julie M. Whittaker Specialist in Income Security November 1, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40689 Compensated Work Sharing Arrangements as an Alternative to Layoffs Summary Short-time compensation (STC) is a program within the federal-state unemployment insurance system. In states ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2016 |
Report No. CARBON |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Courts Evaluate How Federal Agencies Put a Price on Carbon 11/01/2016 In August 2016, a federal court for the first time in Zero Zone, Inc. v. Department of Energy (DOE) upheld the use of the social cost of carbon (SCC) in a cost-benefit analysis by a federal agency. The SCC is a monetary estimate of economic damages associated with an incremental increase in ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2016 |
Report No. RS22624 |
Title
The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and Single-Employer Plan Terminations Updated October 31, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22624 The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and Single-Employer Plan Terminations Summary Questions may arise regarding the pensions of private-sector workers and how pension plans may be terminated, particularly in instances ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2016 |
Report No. R44672 |
Title
Uruguay: In Brief name redacted Analyst in Latin American Affairs October 31, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44672 Uruguay: In Brief Summary Uruguay is a small nation of 3.4 million people located on the Atlantic coast of South America between Brazil and Argentina. The country stands out in Latin America for its strong democratic institutions; high per capita income; and ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2016 |
Report No. R44671 |
Title
Corporate Tax Integration: In Brief Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy October 31, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44671 Corporate Tax Integration: In Brief Summary In January 2016, Senator Orrin Hatch, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, announced plans for a tax reform that would explore corporate integration. Corporate integration involves the ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2016 |
Report No. IN10596 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Elections Strengthen Georgia's Ruling Party October 31, 2016 (IN10596) | Related Author Cory Welt | Cory Welt, Analyst in European Affairs (cwelt@crs.loc.gov, 7-0530) On October 8, 2016, and October 30, 2016, the country of Georgia held parliamentary elections, which domestic and international observers assessed as democratic, despite isolated violations and violent incidents. The ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2016 |
Report No. IF10494 |
Title
October 31, 2016 Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) and Generic Drugs Background: REMS The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Amendments Act of 2007 (FDAAA; P.L. 110-85) expanded the riskmanagement authority of FDA, authorizing the agency to require, under specified conditions, a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) for certain drugs. As part of a REMS, a drug manufacturer ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2016 |
Report No. RL34500 |
Title
Unauthorized Aliens Access to Federal Benefits: Policy and Issues Updated October 28, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34500 Unauthorized Aliens Access to Federal Benefits: Policy and Issues Summary Federal law bars aliens residing without authorization in the United States from most federal benefits; however, there is a widely held perception that many ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2016 |
Report No. R44669 |
Title
Department of Homeland Security Preparedness Grants: A Summary and Issues Shawn Reese Analyst in Emergency Management and Homeland Security Policy October 28, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44669 Department of Homeland Security Preparedness Grants: A Summary and Issues Summary Following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, Congress increased focus on state and local ...
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| Date Oct. 27, 2016 |
Report No. R43561 |
Title
Treatment of Noncitizens Under the Affordable Care Act Alison Siskin Specialist in Immigration Policy Erika K. Lunder Legislative Attorney October 27, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43561 Treatment of Noncitizens Under the Affordable Care Act Summary The degree to which foreign nationals (noncitizens/aliens) should be accorded access to certain benefits as a result of ...
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| Date Oct. 27, 2016 |
Report No. R44253 |
Title
Federal Advisory Committees: An Introduction and Overview Wendy Ginsberg Analyst in American National Government Casey Burgat Research Assistant October 27, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44253 Federal Advisory Committees: An Introduction and Overview Summary Federal advisory committees which may also be labeled as commissions, councils, task forces, or working groups are ...
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| Date Oct. 27, 2016 |
Report No. R43688 |
Title
Selected Recently Expired Individual Tax Provisions ( Tax Extenders ): In Brief Grant A. Driessen Analyst in Public Finance Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy October 27, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43688 Selected Recently Expired Individual Tax Provisions ( Tax Extenders ): In Brief Summary The Protecting Americans From Tax Hikes (PATH) Act, ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2016 |
Report No. CASH-AGED-PR |
Title
MEMORANDUM Subject: Cash Assistance for the Aged, Blind, and Disabled in Puerto Rico From: October 26, 2016 William R. Morton, Analyst in Income Security, 7-9453 This memorandum was prepared to enable distribution to more than one congressional office. This memorandum examines Puerto Rico s cash assistance program for low-income seniors and individuals with disabilities, known as Aid to the Aged, ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2016 |
Report No. R44667 |
Title
The Federal Minimum Wage: Indexation Updated October 26, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44667 The Federal Minimum Wage: Indexation Summary In 1938, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) established a federal minimum wage of $0.25 per hour. The minimum wage provisions of the FLSA have been amended numerous times since then, typically for the purpose of expanding ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2016 |
Report No. R44273 |
Title
Federal Reserve: Legislation in the 114th Congress Marc Labonte Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy October 26, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44273 Federal Reserve: Legislation in the 114th Congress Summary The Federal Reserve (Fed) is the subject of legislation being considered in the 114th Congress. These bills contain wide-ranging provisions that can be grouped into ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2016 |
Report No. R44664 |
Title
The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway Navigation System: Options for Growth /name redacted/ Specialist in Transportation Policy October 26, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44664 The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway Navigation System: Options for Growth Summary Congress faces infrastructure funding decisions that would support shipping on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2016 |
Report No. RS20301 |
Title
Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: Statistics and Programs (name redacted ) Specialist in Social Policy October 26, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS20301 Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: Statistics and Programs Summary In 2015, U.S. teen births accounted for 5.8% of all births and 12.9% of all nonmarital births. The birth rate for U.S. teenagers (ages 15 through 19) increased in ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2016 |
Report No. R44433 |
Title
Framing Spectrum Policy: Legislative Initiatives (name redacted) Specialist in Telecommunications Policy October 26, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44433 raming Spectrum Policy: Legislative Initiatives Summary As innovation advances wireless communications from the business of providing mobile broadband to consumers into new businesses built around the Internet of Things, ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2016 |
Report No. RS20764 |
Title
The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Overview and Issues ,name redacted, Specialist in American National Government October 26, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS20764 The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Overview and Issues Summary Members of the uniformed services and U.S. citizens who live abroad are eligible to register and vote ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2016 |
Report No. IN10600 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Did a Thermostat Break the Internet? October 26, 2016 (IN10600) | Related Author Chris Jaikaran | Chris Jaikaran, Analyst in Cybersecurity Policy (cjaikaran@crs.loc.gov, 7-0750) On September 20, 2016, the computer security blog KrebsonSecurity (Krebs) was hit with a massive attack one that surpassed the scale of previously known attacks. One month later, on October 21, 2016, domain ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2016 |
Report No. IF10493 |
Title
October 26, 2016 Effects of Lower Oil Prices Oil production, refining, and trade are important parts of the U.S. and the world economies. Crude oil is an important indirect component of gross domestic product in the United States. Oil is a key input in petroleum refining, petrochemical, and plastics industries, in addition to many others. The oil industry provides relatively high paying jobs, is a ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2016 |
Report No. R44527 |
Title
Unemployment Compensation: The Fundamentals of the Federal Unemployment Tax (FUTA) Julie M. Whittaker Specialist in Income Security October 25, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44527 Unemployment Compensation: The Fundamentals of the Federal Unemployment Tax Summary The Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) of 1939 specifies the financing arrangement for the Unemployment ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2016 |
Report No. R44663 |
Title
Unemployment and Inflation: Implications for Policymaking Updated October 25, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44663 Unemployment and Inflation: Implications for Policymaking Summary The unemployment rate is a vital measure of economic performance. A falling unemployment rate generally occurs alongside rising gross domestic product (GDP), higher wages, and ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2016 |
Report No. IN10227 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Precision Medicine Initiative October 25, 2016 (IN10227) | Related Authors Amanda K. Sarata Judith A. Johnson | Amanda K. Sarata, Specialist in Health Policy (asarata@crs.loc.gov, 7-7641) Judith A. Johnson, Specialist in Biomedical Policy (jajohnson@crs.loc.gov, 7-7077) On February 25, 2016, the White House hosted a Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) Summit to mark the one year ...
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| Date Oct. 24, 2016 |
Report No. RL32279 |
Title
Primer on Disability Benefits: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) William R. Morton Analyst in Income Security October 24, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32279 Primer on Disability Benefits: SSDI and SSI Summary The Social Security Administration (SSA) is responsible for administering two federal entitlement programs that ...
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| Date Oct. 24, 2016 |
Report No. R44659 |
Title
Legal Processes for Contesting the Results of a Presidential Election Jack Maskell Legislative Attorney October 24, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44659 Legal Processes for Contesting the Results of a Presidential Election Summary Questions occasionally surface regarding potential voting fraud or election irregularities in presidential elections. (See, for example, Sean ...
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| Date Oct. 21, 2016 |
Report No. R42806 |
Title
State Voter Identification Requirements: Analysis, Legal Issues, and Policy Considerations Eric A. Fischer Senior Specialist in Science and Technology R. Sam Garrett Specialist in American National Government L. Paige Whitaker Legislative Attorney October 21, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42806 Voter Identification Requirements: Background and Legal Issues Summary About ...
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| Date Oct. 21, 2016 |
Report No. IN10531 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Next Steps for Auction of TV Broadcast Airwaves to Commercial Carriers October 21, 2016 (IN10531) | Related Author Linda K. Moore | Linda K. Moore, Specialist in Telecommunications Policy (lmoore@crs.loc.gov, 7-5853) The closing phases of an incentive auction process to license airwaves currently used for television broadcasting began on August 16, 2016. Bidding for commercial licenses ...
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| Date Oct. 21, 2016 |
Report No. IN10599 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Yemen: Recent Attacks Against U.S. Naval Vessels in the Red Sea October 21, 2016 (IN10599) | Related Author Jeremy M. Sharp | Jeremy M. Sharp, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (jsharp@crs.loc.gov, 7-8687) Overview In recent weeks, the United States has been drawn deeper into the Yemen war, which has killed an estimated 10,000 people since it began in March 2015. In October 2016, ...
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| Date Oct. 20, 2016 |
Report No. PARTISAN |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Partisan Political Activities and Federal Workers: Questions in the 2016 Election 10/20/2016 As Election Day nears, interest in the Hatch Act s regulation of government employees political activities peaks, with a number of issues raising congressional interest. Are federal officials permitted to appear with candidates for partisan political election at public ...
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| Date Oct. 19, 2016 |
Report No. COLLATERAL |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Collateral Consequences: What Role, if any, Should They Play in Crafting Sentences? 10/19/2016 In recent years, sentencing courts have acknowledged the long-term effects of federal criminal convictions in matters involving employment, licensure, immigration status, and public benefits. Courts are divided as to what, if any, role collateral consequences should ...
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| Date Oct. 19, 2016 |
Report No. IN10598 |
Title
President Obama ended two decades of U.S. economic sanctions on Burma on October 7, 2016, when he issued Executive Order (E.O.) 13742, "Termination of Emergency with Respect to the Actions and Policies of the Government of Burma." E.O. 13742 ended the national emergency with respect to Burma that had been in effect since 1997, and revoked that order and five other Executive Orders that imposed, ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2016 |
Report No. RS20898 |
Title
The Help America Vote Act and Election Administration: Overview and Selected Issues for the 2016 Election Arthur L. Burris, Coordinator Section Research Manager Eric A. Fischer Senior Specialist in Science and Technology October 18, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS20898 The Help America Vote Act and Election Administration: Overview for 2016 Summary The deadlocked November ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2016 |
Report No. R44654 |
Title
The High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail (HSIPR) Grant Program: Overview (name redacted) Analyst in Transportation Policy October 18, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44654 The High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail (HSIPR) Grant Program: Overview Summary Since 1964, when Japan opened the first rail line allowing trains to travel safely at speeds greater than 150 miles per hour, ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2016 |
Report No. RL33780 |
Title
Procedures for Contested Election Cases in the House of Representatives Updated October 18, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33780 Procedures for Contested Election Cases in the House of Representatives Summary Under the U.S. Constitution, each House of Congress has the express authority to be the judge of the elections and returns of its own Members (Article I ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2016 |
Report No. RL30030 |
Title
Clean Water Act: A Summary of the Law Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy October 18, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30030 Clean Water Act: A Summary of the Law Summary The principal law governing pollution of the nation s surface waters is the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, or Clean Water Act. Originally enacted in 1948, it was totally ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2016 |
Report No. IF10474 |
Title
October 18, 2016 WRDA 2016: Infrastructure, Lead, and Other Safe Drinking Water Act Provisions in H.R. 5303 and S. 2848 Background Drinking Water Provisions in H.R. 5303 The drinking water crisis in Flint, Michigan, heightened awareness of the state of the nation s drinking water infrastructure and the challenges many communities face in maintaining and replacing water infrastructure and assuring ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2016 |
Report No. RS20028 |
Title
Ocean Dumping Act: A Summary of the Law Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy October 18, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS20028 Ocean Dumping Act: A Summary of the Law Summary The Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) has two basic aims: to regulate intentional ocean disposal of materials, and to authorize related research. ...
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| Date Oct. 18, 2016 |
Report No. IF10488 |
Title
October 18, 2016 Recent EPA Actions to Protect Tribal Water Quality The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently taken several actions intended to strengthen water quality protection within Indian reservations. Three actions (1) issuance of an interpretive rule in May 2016, (2) promulgation of another rule in September, and (3) request for comment on another possible rule also in ...
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| Date Oct. 17, 2016 |
Report No. R44158 |
Title
Irrigation in U.S. Agriculture: On-Farm Technologies and Best Management Practices Megan Stubbs Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural Resources Policy October 17, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44158 Irrigation in U.S. Agriculture: On-Farm Technologies and Best Management Practices Summary Recent threats to water availability as a result of moderate to ...
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