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| Date Feb. 13, 2017 |
Report No. R44765 |
Title
India s Natural Gas: A Small Part of the Energy Mix Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy February 13, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44765 India s Natural Gas: A Small Part of the Energy Mix Summary India s population is expected to surpass China as the world s largest by 2022, reaching approximately 1.4 billion people, creating greater demand for energy. India has ...
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| Date Feb. 13, 2017 |
Report No. REMOVE |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Immigration Officers Authority to Apprehend and Remove Aliens: Questions & Answers in Brief 02/13/2017 Reports that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents conducted enforcement actions in at least six states during the week of February 6, 2017 have raised a number of questions about agents authority to apprehend and remove aliens. This Sidebar ...
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| Date Feb. 13, 2017 |
Report No. IF10602 |
Title
February 13, 2017 Cybersecurity: Federal Agency Roles The federal role in cybersecurity involves both securing federal information systems and assisting in protecting nonfederal systems. All federal agencies are responsible for protecting their own systems, and many have sectorspecific responsibilities for critical infrastructure (CI). A simplified overview of major roles is presented in Figure 1 ...
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| Date Feb. 13, 2017 |
Report No. ZZZ1DF8F844B8F698E4 |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Immigration Officers Authority to Apprehend and Remove Aliens: Questions & Answers in Brief 02/13/2017 Reports that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents conducted enforcement actions in at least six states during the week of February 6, 2017 have raised a number of questions about agents authority to apprehend and remove aliens. This Sidebar ...
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| Date Feb. 10, 2017 |
Report No. RL33274 |
Title
Financing the U.S. Trade Deficit Updated February 10, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33274 Financing the U.S. Trade Deficit Summary The U.S. merchandise trade deficit is a part of the overall U.S. balance of payments, a summary statement of all economic transactions between the residents of the United States and the rest of the world, during a given period of ...
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| Date Feb. 10, 2017 |
Report No. IN10651 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT More Low-Cost Transatlantic Flights May Shake Airline Industry February 10, 2017 (IN10651) | Related Author Rachel Y. Tang | Rachel Y. Tang, Analyst in Transportation and Industry (rtang@crs.loc.gov, 7-7875) On December 2, 2016, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) issued its final decision approving Norwegian Air International's (NAI's) application for a foreign air carrier ...
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| Date Feb. 9, 2017 |
Report No. R44082 |
Title
Wildfire Suppression Spending: Background, Issues, and Legislation Katie Hoover Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Bruce R. Lindsay Analyst in American National Government Francis X. McCarthy Analyst in Emergency Management Policy February 9, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44082 Wildfire Suppression Spending: Background, Issues, and Legislation Summary Congress has ...
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| Date Feb. 9, 2017 |
Report No. QUALIFIED |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Qualified Immunity for a Police Shooting 02/09/2017 White v. Pauly is the Supreme Court s first qualified immunity decision this year. The Court has agreed to review several others. In White, a unanimous per curiam decision, the Court overturned a lower court s denial of immunity for an officer who had shot and killed the armed occupant of a home. In the ...
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| Date Feb. 9, 2017 |
Report No. R44693 |
Title
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA): Proposed Legislation in the 114th Congress Sarah A. Donovan Analyst in Labor Policy February 9, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44693 Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA): Proposed Legislation in the 114th Congress Summary The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA; P.L. 103-3, as amended) entitles eligible employees to unpaid, job- ...
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| Date Feb. 9, 2017 |
Report No. IF10596 |
Title
February 9, 2017 Teacher Preparation Regulations On October 12, 2016, the Department of Education (ED) released final teacher preparation regulations. The new rules build on statutory reporting and accountability requirements for programs that prepare teachers to work in the nation s elementary and secondary schools. Table 1. Teacher Preparation Providers and Programs by Type, 2010 and 2014 Since ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2017 |
Report No. R41390 |
Title
Discretionary Spending Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) C. Stephen Redhead, Coordinator Specialist in Health Policy Kirsten J. Colello Specialist in Health and Aging Policy Elayne J. Heisler Specialist in Health Services Sarah A. Lister Specialist in Public Health and Epidemiology Amanda K. Sarata Specialist in Health Policy February 8, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2017 |
Report No. R44647 |
Title
U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: Trends and FY2017 Appropriations Peter J. Meyer Analyst in Latin American Affairs February 8, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44647 U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean Summary Geographic proximity has forged strong linkages between the United States and the nations of Latin America and the ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2017 |
Report No. R40506 |
Title
Cars, Trucks, Aircraft, and EPA Climate Regulations Updated February 8, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40506 Cars, Trucks, Aircraft, and EPA Climate Regulations Summary This report discusses EPA s authority to regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as it pertains to mobile sources, including cars, trucks, aircraft, ships, locomotives, nonroad vehicles and ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2017 |
Report No. RS22299 |
Title
Bypassing Senate Committees: Rule XIV and Unanimous Consent Michael L. Koempel Senior Specialist in American National Government February 8, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22299 Bypassing Senate Committees: Rule XIV and Unanimous Consent Summary Most bills and joint resolutions introduced in the Senate, and many House-numbered bills and joint resolutions received by the ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2017 |
Report No. IN10649 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Iraqi and Afghan Special Immigrant Visas (SIVs) February 8, 2017 (IN10649) | Related Author Andorra Bruno | Andorra Bruno, Specialist in Immigration Policy (abruno@crs.loc.gov, 7-7865) The executive order "Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States," issued on January 27, 2017, includes provisions to generally suspend the entry into the United States of ...
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| Date Feb. 8, 2017 |
Report No. IN10652 |
Title
Policy Context On February 1, 2017, the Trump Administration announced that it was "officially putting Iran on notice" for recent actions that "threaten U.S. friends and allies in the region," including the January 29 test of a ballistic missile and "weapons transfers [to groups such as Houthi rebels in Yemen], support for terrorism, and other violations of international norms." The July 2015 ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2017 |
Report No. R43289 |
Title
Legislative Actions in the 112th, 113th, and 114th Congresses to Repeal, Defund, or Delay the Affordable Care Act C. Stephen Redhead Specialist in Health Policy Janet Kinzer Senior Research Librarian February 7, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43289 Legislative Actions to Repeal, Defund, or Delay the ACA Summary Congress is deeply divided over implementation of the ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2017 |
Report No. R41301 |
Title
Appropriations and Fund Transfers in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) C. Stephen Redhead Specialist in Health Policy February 7, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41301 Appropriations and Fund Transfers in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Summary Implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act, or ACA) is having a significant impact on federal ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2017 |
Report No. R41604 |
Title
Proposals to Eliminate Public Financing of Presidential Campaigns R. Sam Garrett Specialist in American National Government February 7, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41604 Proposals to Eliminate Public Financing of Presidential Campaigns What Are the Essential Policy Issues? Congress is faced with determining whether it wants public financing of presidential campaigns to ...
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| Date Feb. 7, 2017 |
Report No. IN10638 |
Title
On December 20, 2016, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration (GIPSA) released the Farmer Fair Practices Rules consisting of an interim final rule and two proposed rules that address marketing and competition issues for livestock and poultry markets. GIPSA initially proposed these rules in 2010 to implement 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246) ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2017 |
Report No. R44756 |
Title
Cabo Verde: Background and U.S. Relations Nicolas Cook Specialist in African Affairs Tomas F. Husted Research Assistant February 6, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44756 Cabo Verde: Background and U.S. Relations Summary Cabo Verde, a small island nation of just over half a million people located off the west coast of Africa, is of strategic significance to the United States ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2017 |
Report No. R44767 |
Title
The Loss of Quorum at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Richard J. Campbell Specialist in Energy Policy February 6, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44767 The Loss of Quorum at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Summary On January 25, 2017, President Trump designated Commissioner Cheryl LaFleur of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC or the Commission) ...
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| Date Feb. 6, 2017 |
Report No. R43220 |
Title
Public Charge Grounds of Inadmissibility and Deportability: Legal Overview name redacted, Coordinator Acting Section Research Manager February 6, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43220 Public Charge Grounds of Inadmissibility and Deportability: Legal Overview Summary The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) has long provided for aliens exclusion and deportation from the ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2017 |
Report No. IN10326 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT "El Chapo" Guzm n's Extradition: What's Next for U.S.-Mexican Security Cooperation? February 3, 2017 (IN10326) | Related Authors Clare Ribando Seelke June S. Beittel View More... | Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs (cseelke@crs.loc.gov, 7-5229) June S. Beittel, Analyst in Latin American Affairs (jbeittel@crs.loc.gov, 7-7613) Liana W. Rosen, Specialist in ...
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| Date Feb. 3, 2017 |
Report No. IN10647 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Why Did March 2016 U.N. Sanctions Not Curb China's Imports of Coal from North Korea? February 3, 2017 (IN10647) | Related Authors Susan V. Lawrence Mark E. Manyin View More... | Susan V. Lawrence, Specialist in Asian Affairs (slawrence@crs.loc.gov, 7-2577) Mark E. Manyin, Specialist in Asian Affairs (mmanyin@crs.loc.gov, 7-7653) Keigh E. Hammond, Research Librarian (khammond@ ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2017 |
Report No. R44753 |
Title
The Pacific Islands: Policy Issues Thomas Lum Specialist in Asian Affairs Bruce Vaughn Specialist in Asian Affairs February 2, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44753 The Pacific Islands: Policy Issues Summary The Pacific Islands region, also known as the South Pacific or Southwest Pacific, presents Congress with a diverse array of policy issues. It is a strategically ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2017 |
Report No. R44751 |
Title
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): The Work Participation Standard and Engagement in Welfare-to-Work Activities Gene Falk Specialist in Social Policy February 1, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44751 TANF Work Participation Standard Summary The 1996 welfare reform law (P.L. 104-193) created the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant. TANF s ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2017 |
Report No. GORSUCH |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Neil Gorsuch s Nomination to the Supreme Court: Initial Observations 02/01/2017 On January 31, 2017, President Trump nominated Judge Neil Gorsuch of the federal Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (Tenth Circuit) to fill the vacancy on the Supreme Court created by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia in February 2016. As noted in an earlier Sidebar, this ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2017 |
Report No. IN10641 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Mexican-U.S. Relations: Increased Tensions February 1, 2017 (IN10641) | Related Authors Clare Ribando Seelke M. Angeles Villarreal | Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs (cseelke@crs.loc.gov, 7-5229) M. Angeles Villarreal, Specialist in International Trade and Finance (avillarreal@crs.loc.gov, 7-0321) On January 26, 2017, Mexican President Enrique Pe a Nieto ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2017 |
Report No. IN10642 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT President Trump's Executive Order on Suspending Entry of Select Foreign Nationals: The Seven Countries February 1, 2017 (IN10642) | Related Author Alison Siskin | Alison Siskin, Specialist in Immigration Policy (asiskin@crs.loc.gov, 7-0260) On January 27, 2017, President Trump signed an executive order (EO) entitled "Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorists Entry Into the United ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2017 |
Report No. IF10396 |
Title
Updated February 1, 2017 Caregiver Support to Veterans In recognition of the significant role family caregivers play in providing personal care services and other supports to veterans, the Caregivers and Veterans Omnibus Health Services Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-163) was signed into law on May 5, 2010. The law requires the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to establish caregiver support services to ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2017 |
Report No. IN10643 |
Title
On January 23, 2017, President Trump issued a memorandum reinstating the "Mexico City policy," which requires foreign nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) receiving certain types of U.S. assistance to certify that they will not perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning, even if such activities are conducted with non-U.S. funds. Background and Context: Key Administration ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2017 |
Report No. R44763 |
Title
Present Trends and the Evolution of Mandatory Spending D. Andrew Austin Analyst in Economic Policy January 31, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44763 Present Trends and the Evolution of Mandatory Spending Summary Federal spending is divided into three broad categories: discretionary spending, mandatory spending, and net interest. Mandatory spending is composed of budget ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2017 |
Report No. R44749 |
Title
The Airport and Airway Trust Fund (AATF): An Overview Rachel Y. Tang Analyst in Transportation and Industry Bart Elias Specialist in Aviation Policy January 31, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44749 The Airport and Airway Trust Fund (AATF): An Overview Summary The Airport and Airway Trust Fund (AATF), sometimes referred to as the aviation trust fund, has been the primary ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2017 |
Report No. IN10570 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT U.S. District Court Vacancies at the Beginning and End of the Obama Presidency: Overview and Comparative Analysis January 31, 2017 (IN10570) | Related Author Barry J. McMillion | Barry J. McMillion, Analyst in American National Government (bmcmillion@crs.loc.gov, 7-6025) This Insight provides comparative historical data related to U.S. district court vacancies that existed at the ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2017 |
Report No. IN10569 |
Title
This Insight provides comparative historical data related to U.S. circuit court vacancies that existed at the beginning and end of the Obama presidency (as well as at the beginning and end of the presidencies of his two most recent predecessors, Presidents George W. Bush and Clinton). This Insight also provides a geographic overview of the location of circuit court vacancies that existed on ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2017 |
Report No. R43905 |
Title
Major Agricultural Trade Issues in the 115th Congress Updated January 30, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43905 Major Agricultural Trade Issues in the 115th Congress Summary Trade, particularly exports, is critical to the vitality of American agriculture. On average, foreign markets absorb about one-fifth of U.S. agricultural production, thus contributing ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2017 |
Report No. R44371 |
Title
The National Network for Manufacturing Innovation Updated January 30, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44371 The National Network for Manufacturing Innovation Summary Congress maintains a strong interest in the health of U.S. manufacturing due to its central role in the U.S. economy and national defense. In 2012, in his FY2013 budget, President Obama proposed ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2017 |
Report No. R44747 |
Title
Cross-Border Energy Trade in North America: Present and Potential Paul W. Parfomak Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy Richard J. Campbell Specialist in Energy Policy Robert Pirog Specialist in Energy Economics Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy Phillip Brown Specialist in Energy Policy John Frittelli Specialist in Transportation Policy Marc Humphries Specialist in Energy Policy ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2017 |
Report No. R44023 |
Title
The 2015 National Security Strategy: Authorities, Changes, Issues for Congress (name redacted), Coordinator Section Research Manager (name redacted) Analyst in International Security January 30, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44023 The 2015 National Security Strategy: Authorities, Changes, Issues for Congress Summary The Obama Administration released a new National ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2017 |
Report No. IN10604 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT U.S. Crude Oil Exports to International Destinations January 30, 2017 (IN10604) | Related Author Phillip Brown | Phillip Brown, Specialist in Energy Policy (pbrown@crs.loc.gov, 7-7386) On December 18, 2015, Congress passed H.R. 2029 the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 which was signed into law as P.L. 114-113. A provision contained in P.L. 114-113 repealed a 40-year prohibition, ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2017 |
Report No. IN10640 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Trump Administration Changes to the National Security Council: Frequently Asked Questions January 30, 2017 (IN10640) | Related Authors Kathleen J. McInnis John W. Rollins | Kathleen J. McInnis, Analyst in International Security (kmcinnis@crs.loc.gov, 7-1416) John W. Rollins, Specialist in Terrorism and National Security (jrollins@crs.loc.gov, 7-5529) On January 28, 2017, the Trump ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2017 |
Report No. TARIFF |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Import Tariff or Border Tax: What is the Difference and Why Does it Matter? 01/30/2017 On January 26, 2017, the Trump Administration floated the idea of imposing a 20% tax on imports from Mexico to pay for the proposed wall along the U.S.-Mexico border. Initial news reports evinced some confusion as to whether an import tariff or a border tax was being ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2017 |
Report No. R44560 |
Title
Nicaragua: In Brief name redact ed Specialist in Latin American Affairs January 30, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44560 Nicaragua: In Brief Summary This report discusses Nicaragua s current politics, economic development, and relations with the United States, and it provides context for Nicaragua s controversial reelection of President Daniel Ortega late last year. After ...
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| Date Jan. 27, 2017 |
Report No. R43975 |
Title
Barriers Along the U.S. Borders: Key Authorities and Requirements Michael John Garcia Acting Section Research Manager January 27, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43975 Barriers Along the U.S. Borders: Key Authorities and Requirements Summary Federal law authorizes the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to construct barriers along the U.S. borders to deter illegal ...
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| Date Jan. 27, 2017 |
Report No. R40787 |
Title
Endangered Species Act (ESA): The Exemption Process M. Lynne Corn Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Betsy A. Cody Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Alexandra M. Wyatt Legislative Attorney January 27, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40787 Endangered Species Act (ESA): The Exemption Process Summary The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is designed to protect species from ...
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| Date Jan. 27, 2017 |
Report No. R44162 |
Title
Veterans Benefits: Eligibility of Merchant Mariners Updated January 27, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44162 Veterans Benefits: Eligibility of Merchant Mariners Summary Although merchant mariners have supported the Armed Forces in every war fought by the United States, they generally are not considered veterans for the purpose of eligibility for federal ...
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| Date Jan. 27, 2017 |
Report No. RL30135 |
Title
One-Minute Speeches: Current House Practices Updated January 27, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30135 One-Minute Speeches: Current House Practices Summary Recognition for one-minute speeches (commonly called one minutes ) in the House of Representatives is the prerogative of the Speaker. A period for one minutes usually takes place at the beginning of the ...
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| Date Jan. 27, 2017 |
Report No. RL30136 |
Title
Special Order Speeches: Current House Practices Updated January 27, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL30136 Special Order Speeches: Current House Practices Summary Special order speeches (commonly called special orders ) usually take place at the end of the day after the House has completed all legislative business. During the special order period, individual ...
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| Date Jan. 27, 2017 |
Report No. R44748 |
Title
The 10-20-30 Rule and Persistent Poverty Counties Joseph Dalaker Analyst in Social Policy January 27, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44748 The 10-20-30 Rule and Persistent Poverty Counties Summary Anti-poverty interventions that provide resources to local communities, based on the characteristics of those communities, have been of interest to Congress. One such policy, ...
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