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| Date Dec. 16, 2016 |
Report No. R43724 |
Title
Implementation of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA, P.L. 111-353) Updated December 16, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43724 Implementation of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA, P.L. 111-353) Summary Congress passed comprehensive food safety legislation in December 2010 (FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, or FSMA, P.L. 111-353), ...
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| Date Dec. 16, 2016 |
Report No. R44713 |
Title
The African Union (AU): Key Issues and U.S.-AU Relations Nicolas Cook Specialist in African Affairs Tomas F. Husted Research Assistant December 16, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44713 The African Union (AU): Key Issues and U.S.-AU Relations Summary U.S. relations with the African Union (AU), an intergovernmental organization to which all African countries except Morocco ...
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| Date Dec. 16, 2016 |
Report No. R44714 |
Title
U.S. Policy on Cuban Migrants: In Brief Andorra Bruno Specialist in Immigration Policy December 16, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44714 U.S. Policy on Cuban Migrants: In Brief Summary The Obama Administration s efforts to normalize relations with Cuba focused attention on U.S. policies on immigration and federal assistance that apply to Cuban migrants in the United States ...
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| Date Dec. 16, 2016 |
Report No. RS22600 |
Title
The Federal Food Safety System: A Primer Ren e Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Policy December 16, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22600 The Federal Food Safety System: A Primer Summary Numerous federal, state, and local agencies share responsibilities for regulating the safety of the U.S. food supply. Federal responsibility for food safety rests primarily with the Food ...
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| Date Dec. 16, 2016 |
Report No. R44267 |
Title
State Management of Federal Lands: Frequently Asked Questions Carol Hardy Vincent Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Alexandra M. Wyatt Legislative Attorney December 16, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44267 State Management of Federal Lands: Frequently Asked Questions Summary The federal government owns roughly 640 million acres of land, about 28% of the 2.27 billion ...
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| Date Dec. 16, 2016 |
Report No. R43468 |
Title
Special Minimum Wages for Workers with Disabilities: Frequently Asked Questions Benjamin Collins Analyst in Labor Policy December 16, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43468 Special Minimum Wages for Workers with Disabilities: Frequently Asked Questions Summary The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), as amended, sets the minimum wage for covered workers at $7.25 per hour. ...
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| Date Dec. 16, 2016 |
Report No. R43936 |
Title
The FCC s Rules and Policies Regarding Media Ownership, Attribution, and Ownership Diversity Dana A. Scherer Specialist in Telecommunications Policy December 16, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43936 The FCC's Broadcast Media Ownership Rules, Attribution Rules, and Diversity Policies Summary From the earliest days of commercial radio, the Federal Communications Commission ( ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2016 |
Report No. RS21049 |
Title
Latin America: Terrorism Issues ,name redacted, Specialist in Latin American Affairs ,name redacted, Analyst in Latin American Affairs December 15, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS21049 Latin America: Terrorism Issues Summary Compared to other parts of the world, the potential threat emanating from terrorism is low in most countries in Latin America. Most terrorist acts ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2016 |
Report No. R44482 |
Title
Water Use Efficiency Legislation in the 114th Congress Updated December 15, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44482 Water Use Efficiency Legislation in the 114th Congress Summary More than two dozen legislative proposals in the 114th Congress were introduced that included provisions concerning water use efficiency, or water conservation, in nonagricultural ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2016 |
Report No. IN10437 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Agency Final Rules Submitted on or After June 13, 2016, May Be Subject to Disapproval by the 115th Congress December 15, 2016 (IN10437) | Related Authors Christopher M. Davis Richard S. Beth | Christopher M. Davis, Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process (cmdavis@crs.loc.gov, 7-0656) Richard S. Beth, Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process (rbeth@crs.loc.gov, 7-8667) ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2016 |
Report No. RL32884 |
Title
Pesticide Use and Water Quality: Are the Laws Complementary or in Conflict? name redacted Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy December 15, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL32884 Pesticide Use and Water Quality: Are the Laws Complementary or in Conflict? Summary This report provides background on the emerging conflict over interpretation and implementation of ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2016 |
Report No. IF10510 |
Title
Updated December 15, 2016 Elementary and Secondary Education Act: Potential Options for Altering Regulations Issued by the Obama Administration Following the comprehensive reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95) on December 15, 2015, the U.S. Department of Education (ED) has acted to promulgate regulations to ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2016 |
Report No. IN10625 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Restrictions on Lobbying the Government: Current Policy and Proposed Changes December 15, 2016 (IN10625) | Related Author Jacob R. Straus | Jacob R. Straus, Specialist on the Congress (jstraus@crs.loc.gov, 7-6438) During the 2016 presidential campaign, President-elect Donald Trump proposed a series of ethics measures, including several lobbying-related provisions. They are: extending " ...
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| Date Dec. 15, 2016 |
Report No. R43521 |
Title
U.S. International Broadcasting: Background and Issues for Reform (name redacted) Specialist in Foreign Policy Legislation December 15, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43521 U.S. International Broadcasting: Background and Issues for Reform Summary Since the beginning of modern U.S. international broadcasting during World War II, debates over the effectiveness, strategic ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2016 |
Report No. R44715 |
Title
Financial Challenges of Operating Nuclear Power Plants in the United States (name redacted) Specialist in Energy Policy (name redacted) Specialist in Energy Policy December 14, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44715 Financial Challenges of Operating Nuclear Power Plants in the United States Summary Some of the 60 operating nuclear power plants (comprising 99 nuclear reactors ...
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| Date Dec. 14, 2016 |
Report No. IN10576 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) and Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) Compliance December 14, 2016 (IN10576) | Related Author Kelsi Bracmort | Kelsi Bracmort, Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural Resources Policy (kbracmort@crs.loc.gov, 7-7283) The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) requires U.S. transportation fuel to contain a minimum volume of renewable fuel. Recent ...
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| Date Dec. 13, 2016 |
Report No. R43867 |
Title
Water Quality Issues in the 114th Congress: An Overview name redacted Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy December 13, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43867 Water Quality Issues in the 114th Congress: An Overview Summary Much progress has been made in achieving the ambitious goals that Congress established in 1972 in the Clean Water Act (CWA) to restore and ...
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| Date Dec. 13, 2016 |
Report No. R44357 |
Title
DOE s Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE): A Primer, with Appropriations for FY2017 (name redacted) Specialist in Energy Policy December 13, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44357 DOE s Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) Summary The nation s energy infrastructure is undergoing a major transformation. For example, new ...
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| Date Dec. 13, 2016 |
Report No. R42075 |
Title
Women in Combat: Issues for Congress Updated December 13, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42075 Women in Combat: Issues for Congress Summary Over the past two decades of conflict, women have served with valor and continue to serve on combat aircraft, naval vessels, and in support of ground combat operations. The expansion of roles for women in the Armed Forces ...
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| Date Dec. 13, 2016 |
Report No. RL31411 |
Title
Controversies over Redefining Fill Material Under the Clean Water Act name redacted Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy December 13, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL31411 Controversies over Redefining Fill Material Under the Clean Water Act Summary In May 2002, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) announced ...
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| Date Dec. 13, 2016 |
Report No. RS21421 |
Title
Mountaintop Removal Mining: Background on Recent Controversies (name redacted) Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy December 13, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS21421 Mountaintop Removal Mining: Background on Recent Controversies Summary Mountaintop removal mining involves removing the top of a mountain in order to recover the coal seams contained there. This ...
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| Date Dec. 13, 2016 |
Report No. IN10613 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Statutory Restrictions Relating to Prior Military Service of the Secretary of Defense December 13, 2016 (IN10613) | Related Author Kathleen J. McInnis | Kathleen J. McInnis, Coordinator, Analyst in International Security (kmcinnis@crs.loc.gov, 7-1416) Heidi M. Peters, Research Librarian (hpeters@crs.loc.gov, 7-0702) Andrew Feickert, Specialist in Military Ground Forces (afeickert@ ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2016 |
Report No. RL33809 |
Title
Noncitizen Eligibility for Federal Public Assistance: Policy Overview Alison Siskin Specialist in Immigration Policy December 12, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33809 Noncitizen Eligibility for Federal Public Assistance: Policy Overview Summary The extent to which residents of the United States who are not U.S. citizens should be eligible for federally funded public aid ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2016 |
Report No. R44712 |
Title
The National Space Council Updated December 12, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44712 The National Space Council Summary According to press reports, the Trump Administration may reestablish the National Space Council, a coordinating body in the Executive Office of the President that was last active in 1993. The National Space Council was established in 1989 to ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2016 |
Report No. R44709 |
Title
Changing the Senate Cloture Rule at the Start of a New Congress Walter J. Oleszek Senior Specialist in American National Government December 12, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44709 Changing the Senate Cloture Rule at the Start of a New Congress Summary From 1953 to 1975, proposals to reform Rule XXII at the start of a new Congress were biennial rituals. They were ...
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| Date Dec. 12, 2016 |
Report No. R44708 |
Title
Commercial Space Industry Launches a New Phase name redacted Specialist in Industrial Organization and Business December 12, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44708 Commercial Space Industry Launches a New Phase Summary Rockets, satellites, and the services they provide, once the domain of governments, are increasingly launched and managed by privately owned companies. ...
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| Date Dec. 9, 2016 |
Report No. R44232 |
Title
Creating a Federal Advisory Committee in the Executive Branch Wendy Ginsberg Analyst in American National Government Casey Burgat Research Assistant December 9, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44232 Creating a Federal Advisory Committee Summary Federal advisory committees provide a formal forum for members of the public to provide advice and recommendations to the federal ...
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| Date Dec. 9, 2016 |
Report No. NOSAL |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Password Sharing May Be a Federal Crime: Nosal Part I 12/09/2016 The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) creates a number of separate federal crimes. One section outlaws accessing a database without authorization or in excess of authorization for fraudulent purposes. Another, seemingly more benign, condemns accessing a database without authorization or in ...
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| Date Dec. 9, 2016 |
Report No. R44707 |
Title
Presidential Authority over Trade: Imposing Tariffs and Duties Caitlain Devereaux Lewis Legislative Attorney December 9, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44707 Presidential Authority over Trade: Imposing Tariffs and Duties Summary The United States Constitution gives Congress the power to impose and collect taxes, tariffs, duties, and the like, and to regulate international ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2016 |
Report No. TE10013 |
Title
Statement of Ronald O'Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs Before Committee on Armed Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on Oversight Review of the U.S. Navy s Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program December 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10013 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairwoman Hartzler, Ranking ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2016 |
Report No. RS22541 |
Title
Generalized System of Preferences: Agricultural Imports n ameredacted Specialist in Agricultural Policy December 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS22541 Generalized System of Preferences: Agricultural Imports Summary The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) provides duty-free tariff treatment for certain products from designated developing countries. Agricultural ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2016 |
Report No. IN10622 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Democratic Republic of Congo: Targeted Sanctions December 8, 2016 (IN10622) | Related Author Alexis Arieff | Alexis Arieff, Specialist in African Affairs (aarieff@crs.loc.gov, 7-2459) Congress has long focused on human rights and humanitarian hardship in war-ravaged eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, an epicenter of instability in Central Africa's Great Lakes region. Recently, ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2016 |
Report No. R44704 |
Title
Has the U.S. Government Ever Defaulted ? name redacted Analyst in Economic Policy December 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44704 Has the U.S. Government Ever Defaulted ? Summary During recent debt limit episodes, federal officials have contended that if the debt limit were to constrain the government s ability to meet its obligations, that would be an unprecedented ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2016 |
Report No. IN10585 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT State Programs for "Coal Ash" Disposal in the WIIN Act December 8, 2016 (IN10585) | Related Author Linda Luther | Linda Luther, Analyst in Environmental Policy (lluther@crs.loc.gov, 7-6852) The Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act (WIIN Act) would authorize a broad range of water resource and water quality activities. Section 2301 would amend the Solid Waste Disposal ...
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| Date Dec. 8, 2016 |
Report No. IN10620 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Trump-Tsai Call and the United States' "Unofficial" Relationship with Taiwan December 8, 2016 (IN10620) | Related Author Susan V. Lawrence | Susan V. Lawrence, Specialist in Asian Affairs (slawrence@crs.loc.gov, 7-2577) President-elect Donald J. Trump's telephone call with Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen on December 2, 2016, and subsequent Tweets, broke precedent. No previous U.S. ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2016 |
Report No. R44699 |
Title
An Introduction to Judicial Review of Federal Agency Action Jared P. Cole Legislative Attorney December 7, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44699 An Introduction to Judicial Review of Agency Action Summary The U.S. Constitution vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court and any inferior courts established by Congress, limiting the power of federal courts to the context of ...
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| Date Dec. 7, 2016 |
Report No. R44702 |
Title
Improper Payments Legislation: Key Provisions, Implementation, and Selected Proposals in the 114th Congress Garrett Hatch Specialist in American National Government December 7, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44702 Improper Payments Legislation: Key Provisions, Implementation, and Selected Proposals Summary As Congress searches for ways to generate savings, reduce the ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2016 |
Report No. R43869 |
Title
Membership of the 114th Congress: A Profile Jennifer E. Manning Senior Research Librarian December 5, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43869 Membership of the 114th Congress: A Profile Summary This report presents a profile of the membership of the 114th Congress (2015-2016). Statistical information is included on selected characteristics of Members, including data on party ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2016 |
Report No. WITHDRAW |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Can the President Withdraw from the Paris Agreement? 12/05/2016 Recently, media outlets have reported that President-elect Donald Trump is considering options to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement an international agreement intended to reduce the effects of climate change by maintaining global temperatures well below 2 C above pre-industrial ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2016 |
Report No. IN10591 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Colombia Adopts Revised Peace Accord: What Next? December 5, 2016 (IN10591) | Related Author June S. Beittel | June S. Beittel, Analyst in Latin American Affairs (jbeittel@crs.loc.gov, 7-7613) In an effort to end a half century of armed conflict between the largest leftist insurgent group in Colombia, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and the Colombian government, a ...
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| Date Dec. 5, 2016 |
Report No. IN10617 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT International Insurance Issues and H.R. 5143 December 5, 2016 (IN10617) | Related Author Baird Webel | Baird Webel, Specialist in Financial Economics (bwebel@crs.loc.gov, 7-0652) International insurance issues have been of interest to the 114th Congress with House subcommittee hearings in September 2016, February 2016, and April 2015, and several pieces of legislation introduced on the ...
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| Date Dec. 2, 2016 |
Report No. IN10616 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Fidel Castro's Death: Implications for Cuba and U.S. Policy December 2, 2016 (IN10616) | Related Author Mark P. Sullivan | Mark P. Sullivan, Specialist in Latin American Affairs (msullivan@crs.loc.gov, 7-7689) The death of Cuba's former long-time ruler Fidel Castro on November 25, 2016, raises questions regarding Cuba's economic and political situation and the future of U.S. policy ...
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| Date Dec. 2, 2016 |
Report No. IN10618 |
Title
Ghana's December 7, 2016 elections for president and parliament feature a rematch between incumbent President John Dramani Mahama and his National Democratic Congress (NDC), and the opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP) and its presidential contender, Nana Akufo-Addo, who is making his third run for the post. Other parties are participating, but they are all minor; roughly equal NDC and NPP ...
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| Date Dec. 2, 2016 |
Report No. IN10615 |
Title
The federal biodiesel tax incentive of $1 per gallon (26 U.S.C. 40A), expires at the end of 2016. The credit was created by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-357) and has been renewed a number of times since then, most recently in December 2015 in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113). On more than one occasion, the credit has been extended retroactively, as it ...
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| Date Dec. 1, 2016 |
Report No. R43799 |
Title
Senate Standing Committees Rules on Legislative Activities and Executive Business: Analysis for the 114th Congress Michael L. Koempel Senior Specialist in American National Government Judy Schneider Specialist on the Congress December 1, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43799 Senate Standing Committees Rules on Legislative Activities and Executive Business Summary Senate ...
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| Date Dec. 1, 2016 |
Report No. RL34468 |
Title
The U.S. Trade Situation for Fruit and Vegetable Products Ren e Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Policy December 1, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL34468 The U.S. Trade Situation for Fruit and Vegetable Products Summary Over the last decade, there has been a growing U.S. trade deficit in fresh and processed fruits and vegetables. Although U.S. fruit and vegetable exports ...
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| Date Dec. 1, 2016 |
Report No. R43377 |
Title
The Central African Republic: Background and U.S. Policy Alexis Arieff Analyst in African Affairs Tomas F. Husted Research Assistant December 1, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43377 The Central African Republic: Background and U.S. Policy Summary The Central African Republic (CAR) is emerging from a crisis that began when rebels overthrew the national government in 2013, ...
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| Date Dec. 1, 2016 |
Report No. IF10531 |
Title
December 1, 2016 st Domestic Energy Challenges in the 21 Century Overview Advances in technology have dramatically increased U.S. oil and natural gas production (Figure 1). This increase has important policy implications for energy markets, infrastructure, security, and the environment. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects that electricity demand will continue growing, with ...
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| Date Dec. 1, 2016 |
Report No. JOHNNY |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar What Happens if Johnny Hacks His Seventh Grade Report Card? 12/01/2016 This is part one of a two-part series discussing federal law and education records. This post will address the extent to which the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) addresses data security for education records. Part II will consider FERPA and privacy concerns raised by the ...
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| Date Dec. 1, 2016 |
Report No. NEPOTISM |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar The Federal Anti-Nepotism Statute: Limits on Appointing, Hiring, and Promoting Relatives 12/01/2016 The process of presidential transition has raised questions about who may be appointed to certain executive posts in the White House, an issue addressed under a federal law commonly known as the anti-nepotism statute. Nepotism is defined generally as the exercise ...
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