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Latin America: Terrorism Issues (CRS Report for Congress)

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Release Date Revised Dec. 15, 2016
Report Number RS21049
Report Type Report
Authors Mark P. Sullivan, Specialist in Latin American Affairs; June S. Beittel, Analyst in Latin American Affairs
Source Agency Congressional Research Service
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Summary:

U.S. attention to terrorism in Latin America intensified in the aftermath of the September 2001 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, with an increase in bilateral and regional antiterrorism cooperation. Compared to other parts of the world, the potential threat emanating from terrorism is low in most countries in Latin America. Most terrorist acts occur in the Andean region of South America, committed by two Colombian guerrilla groups—the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberal Army (ELN)—and one Peruvian guerrilla group, the Shining Path (SL). All three of these groups have been designated by the State Department as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs). For a number of years, there also has been U.S. concern about Iran’s increasing activities in the region as well as Hezbollah, the radical Lebanon-based Islamic group with close ties to Iran. Both are reported to be linked to the 1994 bombing of the Argentine-Israeli Mutual Association (AMIA) that killed 85 people in Buenos Aires. The United States employs various policy tools to counter terrorism in the region, including sanctions, antiterrorism assistance and training, law enforcement cooperation, and multilateral cooperation through the Organization of American States. In addition to sanctions against U.S.-designated FTOs in the region, the United States has imposed an arms embargo on Venezuela since 2006 because it has been determined by the Department of State to not be fully cooperating with U.S. antiterrorism efforts. The United States has also imposed sanctions on several current and former Venezuelan officials for assisting the FARC, on several Venezuelan companies for their connections to Iran, and on individuals and companies in Latin America for providing support to Hezbollah. Cuba had been on the State Department’s so-called list of state sponsors of terrorism since 1982, but in May 2015, the Administration rescinded Cuba’s designation as part of its overall policy shift on Cuba.
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