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| Date April 26, 2017 |
Report No. R44827 |
Title
Law Enforcement Using and Disclosing Technology Vulnerabilities Kristin Finklea Specialist in Domestic Security April 26, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44827 Law Enforcement Using and Disclosing Technology Vulnerabilities Summary There has been increased discussion about law enforcement legally hacking and accessing certain information about or on devices or servers. Law ...
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| Date April 26, 2017 |
Report No. R44456 |
Title
Central Valley Project Operations: Background and Legislation Charles V. Stern Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Pervaze A. Sheikh Specialist in Natural Resources Policy April 26, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44456 Central Valley Project Operations: Background and Legislation Summary After five years of drought, rain and snowstorms in Northern and Central California ...
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| Date April 25, 2017 |
Report No. R40784 |
Title
Mexico s Free Trade Agreements M. Angeles Villarreal Specialist in International Trade and Finance April 25, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40784 Mexico s Free Trade Agreements Summary Mexico has had a growing commitment to trade integration and liberalization through the formation of free trade agreements (FTAs) since the 1990s, and its trade policy is among the most open ...
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| Date April 25, 2017 |
Report No. R44833 |
Title
U.S. Physical Infrastructure: CRS Experts April 25, 2017 (R44833) A nation's physical infrastructure (for example, its transportation, water, energy, and communications systems and structures) serves as arteries for its economic and societal activity. The infrastructure of the United States was considered to be among the finest in the world, as post-World War II growth saw large amounts of ...
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| Date April 25, 2017 |
Report No. IN10659 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT China's February 2017 Suspension of North Korean Coal Imports April 25, 2017 (IN10659) | Related Authors Susan V. Lawrence Mark E. Manyin View More... | Susan V. Lawrence, Specialist in Asian Affairs (slawrence@crs.loc.gov, 7-2577) Mark E. Manyin, Specialist in Asian Affairs (mmanyin@crs.loc.gov, 7-7653) Keigh E. Hammond, Research Librarian (khammond@crs.loc.gov, 7-2393) On February 18 ...
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| Date April 25, 2017 |
Report No. IF10637 |
Title
April 25, 2017 Farm Bill Primer: Trade and Export Promotion Programs Agricultural exports are important to both farmers and the U.S. economy. With the productivity of U.S. agriculture growing faster than domestic demand, farmers and agriculturally oriented firms rely heavily on export markets to sustain prices and revenue. Accordingly, the 2014 farm bill (Agricultural Act of 2014, P.L. 113-79) ...
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| Date April 24, 2017 |
Report No. R44155 |
Title
The Greek Debt Crisis: Overview and Implications for the United States Rebecca M. Nelson, Coordinator Specialist in International Trade and Finance Paul Belkin Analyst in European Affairs James K. Jackson Specialist in International Trade and Finance April 24, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44155 The Greek Debt Crisis: Overview and Implications for the United States ...
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| Date April 24, 2017 |
Report No. R40948 |
Title
Constitutional Points of Order in the Senate Valerie Heitshusen Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process April 24, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40948 Constitutional Points of Order in the Senate Summary In general, the Senate s presiding officer does not take the initiative in enforcing Senate rules and precedents. Instead, a Senator may raise a point of order ...
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| Date April 24, 2017 |
Report No. IN10694 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations: Comparative Statistics of Two-Term Presidencies Since 1945 April 24, 2017 (IN10694) | Related Author Barry J. McMillion | Barry J. McMillion, Analyst in American National Government (bmcmillion@crs.loc.gov, 7-6025) This Insight provides comparative statistics related to the nomination and confirmation of U.S. circuit and district court ...
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| Date April 24, 2017 |
Report No. STEEL |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar A Steely Look at Steel: Commerce Directed to Prioritize Investigation of the Effects of Steel Imports on National Security 04/24/2017 On April 20, 2017, President Trump issued a Presidential Memorandum ( Memorandum ) directing the Secretary of Commerce ( Secretary ) to prioritize investigating the effects of steel imports on national security pursuant to ...
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| Date April 21, 2017 |
Report No. R41350 |
Title
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act: Background and Summary Baird Webel, Coordinator Specialist in Financial Economics April 21, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41350 The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act Summary Beginning in 2007, U.S. financial conditions deteriorated, leading to the near-collapse of the U.S. financial ...
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| Date April 21, 2017 |
Report No. 98-429 |
Title
The Senate s Calendar of Business Elizabeth Rybicki, Coordinator Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process April 21, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov 98-429 The Senate s Calendar of Business T he Senate s Calendar of Business lists bills, resolutions, and other items of legislative business that are eligible for floor consideration. When a Senate committee reports a ...
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| Date April 21, 2017 |
Report No. IN10693 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Airline Passenger Denied Boarding: Rules and Regulations April 21, 2017 (IN10693) | Related Author Rachel Y. Tang | Rachel Y. Tang, Analyst in Transportation and Industry (rtang@crs.loc.gov, 7-7875) The removal of a seated passenger from a full United Airlines flight on April 9, 2017, has spurred discussions about federal regulation of airline overbooking. Overbooking is a carrier's ...
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| Date April 20, 2017 |
Report No. IF10581 |
Title
Updated April 20, 2017 Ecuador s 2017 Elections Presidential Elections and April Runoff On April 2, 2017, governing party candidate Len n Voltaire Moreno narrowly won a runoff election in Ecuador with a margin of slightly more than 2% of the vote, according to Ecuador s National Electoral Council (CNE). Reporting after 100% of the vote was counted, CNE announced that Moreno received 51.15% and ...
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| Date April 20, 2017 |
Report No. IN10691 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Turkey: Erdogan's Referendum Victory Delivers "Presidential System" April 20, 2017 (IN10691) | Related Authors Jim Zanotti Clayton Thomas | Jim Zanotti, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (jzanotti@crs.loc.gov, 7-1441) Clayton Thomas, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs (cbthomas@crs.loc.gov, 7-2719) Based on unofficial results released by Turkish officials, constitutional changes to ...
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| Date April 20, 2017 |
Report No. IN10692 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT New Canadian Dairy Pricing Regime Proves Disruptive for U.S. Milk Producers April 20, 2017 (IN10692) | Related Authors Mark A. McMinimy Joel L. Greene | Mark A. McMinimy, Section Research Manager (mmcminimy@crs.loc.gov, 7-2172) Joel L. Greene, Analyst in Agricultural Policy (jgreene@crs.loc.gov, 7-9877) A new pricing regime the National Ingredient Strategy that was introduced in Canada ...
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| Date April 20, 2017 |
Report No. EO-RESCIND |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar New Executive Order Directs Agencies to Revise or Rescind Climate Change Rules and Policies 04/20/2017 On March 28, 2017, President Trump issued Executive Order 13783, entitled Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth. The order generally aims to establish a policy to promote domestic energy development and use, and ensure affordable and reliable ...
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| Date April 19, 2017 |
Report No. R44655 |
Title
Gun Control: Federal Law and Legislative Action in the 114th Congress William J. Krouse Specialist in Domestic Security and Crime Policy April 19, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44655 Gun Control: Federal Law and Legislative Action in the 114th Congress Summary In the 114th Congress, the Senate debated several gun proposals following two high-fatality mass shootings in ...
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| Date April 19, 2017 |
Report No. R44752 |
Title
Gun Control, Mental Incompetency, and Social Security Administration Final Rule Updated April 19, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44752 Gun Control, Mental Incompetency, and Social Security Administration Final Rule Summary On February 2, 2017, the House of Representatives passed a Congressional Review Act disapproval resolution (H.J.Res. 40) to overturn a ...
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| Date April 19, 2017 |
Report No. R44140 |
Title
Presidential Permit Review for Cross-Border Pipelines and Electric Transmission Linda Luther Analyst in Environmental Policy Paul W. Parfomak Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy April 19, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44140 Presidential Permit Review for Cross-Border Pipelines and Electric Transmission Summary Executive permission in the form of a Presidential ...
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| Date April 19, 2017 |
Report No. IN10689 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Westinghouse Bankruptcy Filing Could Put New U.S. Nuclear Projects at Risk April 19, 2017 (IN10689) | Related Author Mark Holt | Mark Holt, Specialist in Energy Policy (mholt@crs.loc.gov, 7-1704) Westinghouse Electric Company, a major nuclear technology firm that supplied nearly half of the 99 currently operating U.S. commercial reactors, filed for bankruptcy reorganization on March 29 ...
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| Date April 19, 2017 |
Report No. IN10690 |
Title
On April 12, 2017, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Director Mick Mulvaney issued a memorandum titled, "Comprehensive Plan for Reforming the Federal Government and Reducing the Federal Civilian Workforce." The memorandum lifts the hiring freeze instituted by President Donald Trump on January 23, 2017. In addition, the memorandum sets forth steps that executive branch departments and agencies ...
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| Date April 18, 2017 |
Report No. R43920 |
Title
National Health Service Corps: Background, Funding, and Programs Bernice Reyes-Akinbileje Analyst in Health Resources and Services April 18, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43920 National Health Service Corps: Background, Funding, and Programs Summary The National Health Service Corps (NHSC) is a pipeline for clinician recruitment and training. Its program objective is to ...
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| Date April 18, 2017 |
Report No. R44821 |
Title
Border-Adjusted Consumption Taxes and Exchange Rate Movements: Theory and Evidence Grant A. Driessen Analyst in Public Finance Mark P. Keightley Specialist in Economics April 18, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44821 Border-Adjusted Consumption Taxes and Exchange Rate Movements Summary In June 2016, House Speaker Paul Ryan proposed a destination-based cash flow tax (DBCFT) ...
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| Date April 18, 2017 |
Report No. R43969 |
Title
OSHA State Plans: In Brief, with Examples from California and Arizona Scott D. Szymendera Analyst in Disability Policy April 18, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43969 OSHA State Plans: In Brief, with Examples from California and Arizona Summary The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) authorizes states to establish their own occupational safety and health ...
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| Date April 18, 2017 |
Report No. IN10688 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Marshall Plan: 70th Anniversary April 18, 2017 (IN10688) | Related Author Curt Tarnoff | Curt Tarnoff, Specialist in Foreign Affairs (ctarnoff@crs.loc.gov, 7-7656) June 5, 2017, marks the 70th anniversary of the Marshall Plan considered by many to be one of the most successful foreign policy initiatives and foreign aid programs ever undertaken by the United States. In a speech at ...
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| Date April 17, 2017 |
Report No. R44665 |
Title
Video Broadcasting of Congressional Proceedings Sarah J. Eckman Analyst in American National Government April 17, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44665 Video Broadcasting of Congressional Proceedings Summary Video broadcasts of congressional proceedings enable constituents, policy professionals, and other interested individuals to see Congress at work, learn about specific ...
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| Date April 17, 2017 |
Report No. AIRBASE |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar U.S. Strike on Syrian Airbase: Legal under International Law? 04/17/2017 In his letter to Congress under the War Powers Resolution, President Trump cited his Article II powers as his domestic legal authority for the April 6 missile strike on Al Shayrat airbase in Syria, but did not describe a legal basis to justify the action under international law. The ...
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| Date April 17, 2017 |
Report No. IN10686 |
Title
Pursuant to the Pesticide Registration Improvement Extension Act of 2012 (PRIA 3; P.L. 112-177), Congress authorized the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to collect two categories of fees to support the agency's pesticide regulatory program and related activities. EPA's authority to collect one of these fees pesticide maintenance fees expires at the end of FY2017. The authority to ...
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| Date April 17, 2017 |
Report No. LSB10230 |
Title
Legal Sidebari U.S. Strike on Syrian Airbase: Legal under International Law? April 17, 2017 In his letter to Congress under the War Powers Resolution, President Trump cited his Article II powers as his domestic legal authority for the April 6 missile strike on Al Shayrat airbase in Syria, but did not describe a legal basis to justify the action under international law. The missile strike may raise ...
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| Date April 17, 2017 |
Report No. ZZZED0E90CC00DF3EB8 |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar U.S. Strike on Syrian Airbase: Legal under International Law? 04/17/2017 In his letter to Congress under the War Powers Resolution, President Trump cited his Article II powers as his domestic legal authority for the April 6 missile strike on Al Shayrat airbase in Syria, but did not describe a legal basis to justify the action under international law. The ...
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| Date April 17, 2017 |
Report No. IN10687 |
Title
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA; 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.) requires the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to promulgate, in accordance with Section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA; 21 U.S.C. 346a), maximum permissible levels (tolerances) for pesticide residues that raw agricultural commodities and processed food may legally contain. Under ...
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| Date April 14, 2017 |
Report No. R44819 |
Title
Senate Proceedings Establishing Majority Cloture for Supreme Court Nominations: In Brief Valerie Heitshusen Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process April 14, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44819 Majority Cloture for Supreme Court Nominations: In Brief Contents Introduction ...
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| Date April 14, 2017 |
Report No. IN10685 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Revenue Baseline for Tax Reform April 14, 2017 (IN10685) | Related Authors Molly F. Sherlock Grant A. Driessen | Molly F. Sherlock, Specialist in Public Finance (msherlock@crs.loc.gov, 7-7797) Grant A. Driessen, Analyst in Public Finance (gdriessen@crs.loc.gov, 7-7757) Tax reform remains an issue of interest in the 115th Congress. An open policy question is whether any proposed tax ...
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| Date April 13, 2017 |
Report No. R44807 |
Title
U.S. Climate Change Regulation and Litigation: Selected Legal Issues Linda Tsang Legislative Attorney April 13, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44807 U.S. Climate Change Regulation and Litigation: Selected Legal Issues Summary On March 28, 2017, President Trump signed an executive order to encourage and promote energy development by modifying climate change policies. As the ...
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| Date April 13, 2017 |
Report No. R44814 |
Title
NASS and U.S. Crop Production Forecasts: Methods and Issues Randy Schnepf Specialist in Agricultural Policy April 13, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44814 NASS and U.S. Crop Production Forecasts: Methods and Issues Summary The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates agricultural production (including area and ...
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| Date April 13, 2017 |
Report No. R44816 |
Title
Congressional News Media and the House and Senate Press Galleries Sarah J. Eckman Analyst in American National Government April 13, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44816 Congressional News Media and the House and Senate Press Galleries Summary The House and Senate press galleries provide services both for journalists and for Members of Congress. The news media helps Members ...
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| Date April 12, 2017 |
Report No. R44811 |
Title
Surface Transportation Devolution Robert S. Kirk Specialist in Transportation Policy April 12, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44811 Surface Transportation Devolution Summary Surface transportation devolution refers to shifting most current federal responsibility for building and maintaining highways and public transportation systems from the federal government to the ...
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| Date April 12, 2017 |
Report No. RS21127 |
Title
Federal Securities Law: Insider Trading Michael V. Seitzinger Legislative Attorney April 12, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21127 Federal Securities Law: Insider Trading Summary Insider trading in securities may occur when a person in possession of material nonpublic information about a company trades in the company s securities and makes a profit or avoids a loss. ...
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| Date April 12, 2017 |
Report No. IF10635 |
Title
April 12, 2017 U.S. Relations with Burma: Key Issues for 2017 Between 2011 and 2015, the Obama Administration increased engagement with Burma (Myanmar), and waived some of the sanctions imposed by Congress. Following the formation of a new government in April 2016, with Aung San Suu Kyi in the newly created position as State Counsellor, the Obama Administration waived most of the remaining ...
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| Date April 11, 2017 |
Report No. R43438 |
Title
Regulation of Clinical Tests: In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Devices, Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs), and Genetic Tests Updated April 11, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43438 Regulation of Clinical Tests Summary In vitro diagnostic (IVD) devices are used in the analysis of human samples, such as blood or tissue, to provide information in making health care ...
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| Date April 11, 2017 |
Report No. IN10603 |
Title
Domestic Pipeline Sabotage Recent acts of sabotage against U.S. pipelines have raised concern about the security of the nation's energy pipeline system and the federal program to protect them. On March 20, 2017, the developer of the Dakota Access Pipeline alleged in a court filing that it had experienced "recent coordinated physical attacks along the pipeline." On February 26, 2017, law officers ...
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| Date April 11, 2017 |
Report No. IN10684 |
Title
Surface water conditions in California have recovered dramatically in recent months, but some consequences of the 2012-2016 drought likely will linger for years. This Insight discusses the status of the drought and how it affected groundwater supplies: declines in groundwater levels, decreased storage capacity, and land subsidence. In response to the drought, the 114th Congress enacted legislation ...
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| Date April 10, 2017 |
Report No. IF10629 |
Title
April 10, 2017 Farm Bill Primer: Rural Development Title Provisions Background Omnibus farm bills are the major modern legislative vehicle for addressing many rural development issues. While other legislation has significant implications for rural areas and rural residents (e.g., transportation initiatives, environmental regulation, finance and taxation, Medicare, Social Security), Congress has ...
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| Date April 10, 2017 |
Report No. NINES |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Dressed to the Nines: What s Next for the Nine-Justice Supreme Court? 04/10/2017 Following the Senate s confirmation of Judge Neil Gorsuch to serve on the Supreme Court, the nominee is expected to be sworn in as the 101st Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, marking the first time in over a year that the Supreme Court will be fully staffed with nine ...
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| Date April 10, 2017 |
Report No. IF10444 |
Title
Updated April 10, 2017 Fethullah Gulen, Turkey, and the United States: A Reference This In Focus product provides background information on this subject. For analysis of the subject within the overall context of U.S.-Turkey relations, see CRS Report R41368, Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations, by Jim Zanotti and Clayton Thomas. Following the July 2016 failed coup in Turkey, the status of ...
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| Date April 7, 2017 |
Report No. R44115 |
Title
A Primer on WIC: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Randy Alison Aussenberg Specialist in Nutrition Assistance Policy April 7, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44115 WIC: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children Summary The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) ...
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| Date April 7, 2017 |
Report No. RL30360 |
Title
Filibusters and Cloture in the Senate Valerie Heitshusen Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process Richard S. Beth Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process April 7, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30360 Filibusters and Cloture in the Senate Summary The filibuster is widely viewed as one of the Senate s most characteristic procedural features. ...
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| Date April 7, 2017 |
Report No. IF10628 |
Title
April 7, 2017 Buy America, Transportation Infrastructure, and American Manufacturing Congress over the years has passed several domestic content laws that aim to protect American manufacturing and manufacturing jobs. One is known as the Buy America Act, or more simply, Buy America. Statements by the Trump Administration about reinvigorating domestic manufacturing and reinvesting in infrastructure ...
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| Date April 7, 2017 |
Report No. R44809 |
Title
Multinational Species Conservation Fund Semipostal Stamp Pervaze A. Sheikh Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Michelle D. Christensen Analyst in Government Organization and Management Kalyn R. Dorheim Research Associate April 7, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44809 Multinational Species Conservation Fund Semipostal Stamp Summary The Multinational Species Conservation ...
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