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| Date Aug. 2, 2017 |
Report No. IF10289 |
Title
Updated August 2, 2017 World Health Organization (WHO): Background and Issues Background Established in 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) is a policy making body that directs and coordinates health efforts within the United Nations system. The WHO also establishes norms and guidelines, monitors global health trends, and provides technical support to member states. Perceptions about WHO ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2017 |
Report No. IF10695 |
Title
August 2, 2017 Key Issues in Tax Reform: The Better Way House Plan On June 24, 2016, House Speaker Paul Ryan released the Better Way Tax Reform Task Force Blueprint, which provides a revision of federal income taxes. (For an analysis of the plan, see CRS Report R44823, The Better Way House Tax Plan: An Economic Analysis, by Jane G. Gravelle.) The plan does not specify all changes that might ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2017 |
Report No. IF10694 |
Title
Updated August 2, 2017 Countering America s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act On August 2, 2017, President Trump signed into law H.R. 3364/P.L. 115-44, the Countering America s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act. The act establishes requirements and discretionary authorities for the President to impose sanctions on Iran, Russia, and North Korea. In signing the act, the President stated that several ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2017 |
Report No. RL34115 |
Title
Reform of U.S. International Taxation: Alternatives Updated August 1, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34115 Reform of U.S. International Taxation: Alternatives Summary A striking feature of the modern U.S. economy is its growing openness its increased integration with the rest of the world. The attention of tax policymakers has recently been focused on the ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2017 |
Report No. R43426 |
Title
U.S. Circuit and District Court Judges: Profile of Select Characteristics Updated August 1, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43426 U.S. Circuit and District Court Judges: Profile of Select Characteristics Summary This report addresses ongoing congressional interest in the demographic characteristics and professional experiences of those individuals nominated and ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2017 |
Report No. R43261 |
Title
Presidential Permits for Border Crossing Energy Facilities Updated August 1, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43261 Presidential Permits for Border Crossing Energy Facilities Summary Controversy over the proposed Keystone XL pipeline project has focused attention on U.S. requirements for authorization to construct and operate pipelines and other energy ...
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| Date July 31, 2017 |
Report No. R44677 |
Title
Tax Provisions that Expired in 2016 ( Tax Extenders ) Updated July 31, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44677 Tax Provisions that Expired in 2016 ( Tax Extenders ) Summary In the past, Congress has regularly acted to extend expired or expiring temporary tax provisions. Collectively, these temporary tax provisions are often referred to as tax extenders. Most ...
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| Date July 31, 2017 |
Report No. R40221 |
Title
Bail: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law Updated July 31, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40221 Bail: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law Summary This is an overview of the federal law of bail. Bail is the release of an individual following his arrest upon his promise secured or unsecured; conditioned or unconditioned to appear at subsequent judicial criminal ...
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| Date July 31, 2017 |
Report No. R40222 |
Title
Bail: An Abridged Overview of Federal Criminal Law Updated July 31, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40222 Bail: An Abridged Overview of Federal Criminal Law Summary This is an overview of the federal law of bail. Bail is the release of an individual following his arrest upon his promise secured or unsecured; conditioned or unconditioned to appear at subsequent ...
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| Date July 31, 2017 |
Report No. IN10743 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Rwanda's August 4 Presidential Election July 31, 2017 (IN10743) | Related Authors Gabrielle S. Bardall Alexis Arieff | Gabrielle S. Bardall, American Political Science Association Fellow (gbardall@crs.loc.gov, 7-0870) Alexis Arieff, Specialist in African Affairs (aarieff@crs.loc.gov, 7-2459) Politics and the 2017 Presidential Election The circumstances of Rwanda's August 4 presidential ...
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| Date July 28, 2017 |
Report No. R44907 |
Title
NAFTA and Motor Vehicle Trade Updated July 28, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44907 NAFTA and Motor Vehicle Trade Summary Motor vehicles and vehicle parts accounted for more than 20% of the total value of U.S. merchandise trade with Canada and Mexico in 2016, making them the largest category of manufactured products traded among the United States, Mexico, and ...
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| Date July 28, 2017 |
Report No. IN10742 |
Title
Ongoing Section 232 Steel and Aluminum Investigations July 28, 2017 The Department of Commerce is currently conducting two investigations to determine the national security implications of U.S. imports of steel and aluminum under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1862, as amended). Section 232, sometimes called the "national security clause," provides the President with the ...
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| Date July 27, 2017 |
Report No. R41858 |
Title
Federal Assistance for Wildfire Response and Recovery Katie Hoover Specialist in Natural Resources Policy July 27, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41858 Federal Assistance for Wildfire Response and Recovery Contents During the Fire ................................................................................................................................ 1 In the ...
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| Date July 27, 2017 |
Report No. IN10741 |
Title
U.S. Petroleum Trade with Venezuela: Financial and Economic Considerations Associated with Possible Sanctions July 27, 2017 The political crisis in Venezuela is at a pivotal point (See CRS Report R44841, Venezuela: Background and U.S. Policy). President Nicolas Maduro is convening elections on July 30 for delegates to a constituent assembly to rewrite the country s constitution and possibly ...
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| Date July 26, 2017 |
Report No. R44905 |
Title
Inter Partes Review of Patents: Innovation Issues John R. Thomas Visiting Scholar July 26, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44905 Inter Partes Review of Patents: Innovation Issues Summary The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA) of 2011 introduced inter partes review proceedings (IPRs) into the patent system. IPRs allow the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to ...
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| Date July 25, 2017 |
Report No. TE10019 |
Title
Statement of Ronald O'Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs Before Committee on Armed Services Subcommittee on SeaPower U.S. Senate Hearing on Options and Considerations for Achieving a 355-Ship Navy July 25, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10019 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Wicker, Ranking Member Hirono, distinguished members of the subcommittee, ...
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| Date July 25, 2017 |
Report No. TE10020 |
Title
Statement of Ronald O'Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs Before House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Subcommittee Hearing on Building a 21st Century Infrastructure for America: Coast Guard Sea, Air, and Land Capabilities: Part II July 25, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10020 Congressional Research Service 1 ...
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| Date July 25, 2017 |
Report No. TE10018 |
Title
Statement of Bart Elias Specialist in Aviation Policy Before Committee on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Transportation and Protective Security U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on Securing Air Cargo: Industry Perspectives July 25, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10018 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Katko, Ranking Member Watson Coleman, and ...
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| Date July 25, 2017 |
Report No. IN10735 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Aviation Bills Take Flight, but Legislative Path Remains Unclear July 25, 2017 (IN10735) | Related Authors Bart Elias Rachel Y. Tang | Bart Elias, Specialist in Aviation Policy (belias@crs.loc.gov, 7-7771) Rachel Y. Tang, Analyst in Transportation and Industry (rtang@crs.loc.gov, 7-7875) Both the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee and the Senate Committee on Commerce, ...
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| Date July 24, 2017 |
Report No. R43380 |
Title
Gulf Coast Restoration: RESTORE Act and Related Efforts Updated July 24, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43380 Gulf Coast Restoration: RESTORE Act and Related Efforts Summary The Gulf of Mexico coastal environment (Gulf Coast) stretches over approximately 600,000 square miles across five U.S. states: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. It is ...
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| Date July 24, 2017 |
Report No. R44903 |
Title
Provisions of Obamacare Repeal Reconciliation Act of 2017 (ORRA) Alison Mitchell, Coordinator Specialist in Health Care Financing July 24, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44903 Provisions of Obamacare Repeal Reconciliation Act of 2017 (ORRA) Summary Per the reconciliation instructions in the budget resolution for FY2017 (S.Con.Res. 3), the House passed its reconciliation ...
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| Date July 24, 2017 |
Report No. IF10375 |
Title
Updated July 24, 2017 Bureau of Reclamation: FY2017 Appropriations Overview Most of the large dams and water diversion structures in the West were built by, or with the assistance of, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), part of the Department of the Interior. Reclamation s mission is to develop water supplies primarily for irrigation to reclaim arid lands in the West. Reclamation manages ...
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| Date July 23, 2017 |
Report No. R44883 |
Title
Comparison of the American Health Care Act (AHCA) and the Better Care Reconciliation Act (BCRA) Updated July 23, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44883 Comparison of the AHCA and the BCRA Summary Per the reconciliation instructions in the budget resolution for FY2017 (S.Con.Res. 3), the House passed its reconciliation bill, H.R. 1628 the American Health Care Act ...
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| Date July 21, 2017 |
Report No. IN10739 |
Title
Hong Kong s High Court Disqualifies Four More Legislators July 21, 2017 On July 15, 2017, Hong Kong s High Court decided that the oaths of office taken by four members of Hong Kong s Legislative Council (Legco) on October 12, 2016, were invalid, and as a consequence, determined they were disqualified from assuming or entering the Office of a Legco Member. The ruling raises the number of ...
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| Date July 21, 2017 |
Report No. IF10693 |
Title
July 21, 2017 Amended Sugar Agreements Recast U.S.-Mexico Trade On June 30, 2017, the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC), the Mexican government, and the Mexican sugar industry agreed to modify suspension agreements (SA) that have regulated bilateral trade in Mexican sugar since late 2014. The changes are meant to address criticisms by the U.S. sugar industry that the SAs have not effectively ...
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| Date July 19, 2017 |
Report No. R44894 |
Title
Accounting and Auditing Regulatory Structure: U.S. and International Updated July 19, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44894 Accounting and Auditing Regulatory Structure: U.S. and International Summary Accounting and auditing standards in the United States are promulgated and regulated by various federal, state, and self-regulatory organizations (SROs). ...
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| Date July 19, 2017 |
Report No. R43385 |
Title
An Analysis of the Geographic Distribution of the Mortgage Interest Deduction Mark P. Keightley Specialist in Economics July 19, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43385 An Analysis of the Geographic Distribution of the Mortgage Interest Deduction Summary This report analyzes variation in the mortgage interest deduction tax expenditure across states. Tax expenditures, such as ...
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| Date July 18, 2017 |
Report No. R44892 |
Title
Sinclair Broadcast Group Acquisition of Tribune Media: Competitive and Regulatory Issues Updated July 18, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44892 Sinclair Acquisition of Tribune Media: Competitive and Regulatory Issues Summary On May 8, 2017, Sinclair Broadcast Group Inc. announced that it agreed to acquire the Tribune Media Company for $6.6 billion, including $ ...
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| Date July 18, 2017 |
Report No. R44904 |
Title
Remedies for Patent Infringement July 18, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44904 Remedies for Patent Infringement Summary For more than a decade, some Members of Congress have considered bills that have proposed reforms to the law of patent remedies. Under current law, courts may award damages to compensate patent proprietors for an act of infringement. Damages ...
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| Date July 18, 2017 |
Report No. R44872 |
Title
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant Subsidized Employment Demonstration Proposal: In Brief Gene Falk Specialist in Social Policy July 18, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44872 The TANF Subsidized Employment Demonstration Contents Introduction ...
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| Date July 18, 2017 |
Report No. RS21482 |
Title
The Paris Club and International Debt Relief Martin A. Weiss Analyst in International Trade and Finance July 18, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21482 The Paris Club and International Debt Relief Summary The Paris Club is a voluntary, informal group of creditor nations who meet approximately 10 times per year to provide debt relief to developing countries. Members of the ...
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| Date July 18, 2017 |
Report No. IF10409 |
Title
Updated July 18, 2017 U.S. Foreign Assistance: USAID Loan Guarantees The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the leading humanitarian and development agency in the U.S. government, provides assistance through multiple mechanisms. Until the early 1980s, a significant portion of its assistance was provided in the form of concessional loans for development purposes, often for purposes ...
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| Date July 17, 2017 |
Report No. R44898 |
Title
History of the ESEA Title I-A Formulas Updated July 17, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44898 History of the ESEA Title I-A Formulas Summary The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) is the primary source of federal aid to K12 education. The ESEA was last reauthorized by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95) in 2015. The Title I-A program ...
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| Date July 17, 2017 |
Report No. R44897 |
Title
Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 115th Congress Updated July 17, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44897 Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 115th Congress Summary This report examines human rights conditions in the People s Republic of China (PRC) and policy options for Congress. The PRC government under the leadership of ...
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| Date July 17, 2017 |
Report No. R44040 |
Title
Indian Health Service (IHS) Funding: Fact Sheet Elayne J. Heisler Specialist in Health Services July 17, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44040 Indian Health Service (IHS) Funding: Fact Sheet IHS Overview The Indian Health Service (IHS) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the lead federal agency charged with improving the health of American Indians ...
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| Date July 17, 2017 |
Report No. IF10255 |
Title
Updated July 17, 2017 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Gulf Coast Restoration Efforts The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig on April 20, 2010, which took place 41 miles southeast of the Louisiana coast, resulted in an unprecedented discharge of oil into U.S. waters. An estimated 4.1 million barrels of oil discharged into the Gulf of Mexico over 84 days. The spill resulted in the ...
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| Date July 14, 2017 |
Report No. IN10738 |
Title
The Proposed EU-Japan FTA and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy July 14, 2017 On July 6, 2017, ahead of the G-20 annual summit, the European Union (EU) and Japan announced reaching an agreement in principle on a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA), following 18 rounds of negotiations over four years. The EU and Japan aim for entry-into-force (EIF) of the agreement in early 2019. Considerable ...
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| Date July 13, 2017 |
Report No. R44054 |
Title
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Funding: Fact Sheet Elayne J. Heisler Specialist in Health Services July 13, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44054 Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Funding: Fact Sheet Agency Overview The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the ...
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| Date July 13, 2017 |
Report No. IN10737 |
Title
The G-20 Summit in Hamburg, Germany: Key Debates and Outcomes July 13, 2017 Germany hosted the annual Group of 20 (G-20) summit on July 7-8 in Hamburg. The G-20 is a forum for advancing international economic cooperation and coordination among 20 major economies, including the United States, that together account for about 85% of global economic output. In recent years, the G20 has also ...
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| Date July 13, 2017 |
Report No. ACA-LEGAL |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Pending ACA Legal Challenges Remain as Congress Pursues Health Care Reform 07/13/2017 Update: This Legal Sidebar post, originally published in January 2017, has been updated to reflect legislative and judicial developments. Since its enactment, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been the subject of litigation. Many constitutional ...
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| Date July 12, 2017 |
Report No. IF10563 |
Title
Updated July 12, 2017 Implementation of the Veterans Choice Program (VCP) In response to wait time manipulation allegations and access issues at many Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals across the country, Congress passed the Veterans Access, Choice and Accountability Act of 2014 (VACAA). On August 7, 2014, the bill was signed into law (P.L. 113146, as amended). VA Response to the ...
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| Date July 11, 2017 |
Report No. R44886 |
Title
Monument Proclamations Under Executive Order Review: Comparison of Selected Provisions Carol Hardy Vincent Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Laura A. Hanson Senior Research Librarian July 11, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44886 Monument Proclamations Under Executive Order Review Summary The Antiquities Act of 1906 (54 U.S.C. 320301-320303) authorizes the President to ...
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| Date July 11, 2017 |
Report No. R44889 |
Title
H.R. 23, the Gaining Responsibility on Water Act of 2017 (GROW Act) Charles V. Stern Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Pervaze A. Sheikh Acting Section Research Manager Marnie Kremer Research Assistant July 11, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44889 H.R. 23, the Gaining Responsibility on Water Act of 2017 (GROW Act) Summary In recent years, parts of the American West ( ...
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| Date July 11, 2017 |
Report No. IN10634 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Overview of U.S. Sanctions Regimes on Russia July 11, 2017 (IN10634) | Related Authors Cory Welt Dianne E. Rennack | Cory Welt, Analyst in European Affairs (cwelt@crs.loc.gov, 7-0530) Dianne E. Rennack, Specialist in Foreign Policy Legislation (drennack@crs.loc.gov, 7-7608) Background On December 29, 2016, President Barack Obama imposed sanctions on Russia for malicious cyber activity. ...
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| Date July 10, 2017 |
Report No. RL33308 |
Title
Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS): In Brief Updated July 10, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33308 Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS): In Brief Summary The Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program was created by Title I of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-322). The mission of the COPS program is ...
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| Date July 10, 2017 |
Report No. RS22037 |
Title
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF): Program Overview and Issues (name redacted) Specialist in Environmental Policy July 10, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS22037 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF): Program Overview and Issues Summary The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is the federal authority for regulating contaminants in public water supplies. It ...
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| Date July 10, 2017 |
Report No. IN10736 |
Title
S. 1460: A New Energy and Resources Bill for the 115th Congress July 10, 2017 On June 28, Senators Murkowski and Cantwell (Chair and Ranking Member, respectively, of the Energy and Natural Resources Committee) introduced S. 1460, the Energy and Natural Resources Act of 2017. The next day, the bill was read a second time and placed on the Senate calendar. S. 1460 has many similarities, but also ...
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| Date July 10, 2017 |
Report No. R44887 |
Title
Students with Disabilities Graduating from High School and Entering Postsecondary Education: In Brief Kyrie E. Dragoo Analyst in Education Policy July 10, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44887 Students with Disabilities: High School to Postsecondary Transition Summary In recent decades, many federal policies have attempted to help prepare students with disabilities to ...
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| Date July 7, 2017 |
Report No. R44802 |
Title
Judicial Review of Medicaid Work Requirements Under Section 1115 Demonstrations Edward C. Liu Legislative Attorney Jennifer A. Staman Legislative Attorney July 7, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44802 Judicial Review of Medicaid Work Requirements Under Section 1115 Demonstrations Summary Proposals have been introduced in the 115th Congress to reform the Medicaid program, ...
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| Date July 7, 2017 |
Report No. IF10311 |
Title
Updated July 7, 2017 Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) Negotiations Overview The Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) aims to further liberalize trade in services among signatories and would build on the 1995 multilateral World Trade Organization (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). GATS provides a system of rules for global trade in services, and has served as a foundation for ...
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