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| Date Nov. 14, 2017 |
Report No. IF10721 |
Title
Updated November 14, 2017 Key Issues in Tax Reform: the Deduction for State and Local Taxes A key component of tax reform proposals is their treatment of federal tax expenditures or revenue losses attributable to provisions that adjust income taxes away from a theoretically normal tax system. Tax reform proposals in the 115th Congress include modifications to the federal deduction for state and ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2017 |
Report No. R44427 |
Title
Cybersecurity: Federal Government Authoritative Reports and Resources November 13, 2017 (R44427) Jump to Main Text of Report Contents Introduction Tables Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Federal Government: Overview Reports and Resources Federal Acquisitions Rules and Federal Contractors Agency Audits and Evaluations Federal Workforce White House and ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2017 |
Report No. R2854 |
Title
Emergency Assistance for Agricultural Land Rehabilitation Megan Stubbs Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural Resources Policy November 13, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42854 Emergency Assistance for Agricultural Land Rehabilitation Summary The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers several permanently authorized programs to help producers recover ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2017 |
Report No. IN10814 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominees Who Received a Rating of Not Qualified from the American Bar Association: Background and Historical Analysis Updated November 13, 2017 The process used by the American Bar Association (ABA) to evaluate judicial nominees has, over the years, remained a topic of ongoing interest among Senators during the judicial confirmation process. This CRS ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2017 |
Report No. IN10816 |
Title
INSIGHTi Tax Reform: The Child Credit and the Child Care Credit November 13, 2017 The current tax code has two credits that offset the costs of raising children: the child tax credit (sometimes referred to as the child credit, or CTC) and the child and dependent care credit (sometimes referred to as the child care credit, or CDCTC). These are two distinct tax credits. H.R. 1, as introduced, would, ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2017 |
Report No. LSB10027 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Two-Sided Credit Card Markets: The Supreme Court Takes Up Novel Antitrust Issue Updated November 13, 2017 The Supreme Court has agreed to hear Ohio v. American Express, an antitrust case brought by a number of states against the credit card giant that poses the question of how federal antitrust law should treat twosided markets. (As discussed in more detail below, two-sided markets ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2017 |
Report No. R40879 |
Title
Resolutions of Inquiry: An Analysis of Their Use in the House, 1947-2017 Christopher M. Davis Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process November 9, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40879 Resolutions of Inquiry: An Analysis of Their Use in the House, 1947-2017 Summary A resolution of inquiry is a simple resolution making a direct request or demand of the President or ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2017 |
Report No. R43407 |
Title
Drought in the United States: Causes and Current Understanding Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy November 9, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43407 Drought in the United States: Causes and Current Understanding Summary Drought is a natural hazard with potentially significant economic, social, and ecological consequences. History suggests that ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2017 |
Report No. IN10815 |
Title
INSIGHTi Diversity Immigrant Visa Program November 9, 2017 On October 31, 2017, a resident of Patterson, NJ, reportedly drove a truck onto a bicycle path in New York City, killing 8 and injuring 11. Authorities have described the incident as a terrorist attack, and the suspect has been identified as an immigrant from Uzbekistan. Given that the suspect reportedly entered the country on an immigrant ...
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| Date Nov. 9, 2017 |
Report No. LSB10026 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Can Congress Limit the President s Power to Launch Nuclear Weapons? November 9, 2017 Recent legislation proposed in the 115th Congress intended to limit the President s ability to launch nuclear weapons has prompted heightened attention on Congress s constitutional power to control the nuclear arsenal. As outlined in earlier CRS products, the Constitution allocates the authorities ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2017 |
Report No. R44966 |
Title
Wildfire Suppression Spending: Background, Issues, and Legislation in the 115th Congress Updated November 8, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44966 Wildfire Suppression Spending: Background, Issues, and Legislation Summary Congress has directed that the federal government is responsible for managing wildfires that begin on federal lands, such as national forests ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2017 |
Report No. IN10812 |
Title
INSIGHTi Why is Violence Rebounding in Mexico? November 8, 2017 Mexico s transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) have for years been identified as the greatest organized crime threat to the United States given their strong links to drug trafficking, money laundering, and other crimes. These organizations also generate extreme violence within Mexico, where they exercise territorial influence in ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2017 |
Report No. IN10813 |
Title
INSIGHTi Energy Tax Provisions in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R. 1) November 8, 2017 The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R. 1) proposes a number of changes to energy-related tax provisions. These changes are summarized in Table 1. H.R. 1 includes a broad restructuring of the federal income tax system. A full analysis of the consequences of this proposal for the energy sector, or various subsets of the ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2017 |
Report No. R45016 |
Title
The Rohingya Crises in Bangladesh and Burma /name redacted/, Coordinator Specialist in Asian Affairs /name redacted/ Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy /name redacted/ Specialist in Asian Affairs November 8, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45016 The Rohingya Crises in Bangladesh and Burma Summary A series of interrelated humanitarian crises, stemming from more ...
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| Date Nov. 8, 2017 |
Report No. R45014 |
Title
Government Printing, Publications, and Digital Information Management: Issues and Challenges R. Eric Petersen Specialist in American National Government November 8, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45014 Government Printing, Publications, and Digital Information Management Summary In the past half-century, in government and beyond, information creation, distribution, ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2017 |
Report No. IF10768 |
Title
November 7, 2017 Defense Primer: Department of Defense Maintenance Depots Section 2464 of Title 10, United States Code states that it is essential for the national defense that the Department of Defense maintain a core logistics capability that is government-owned and government-operated...to ensure a ready and controlled source of technical competence and resources necessary to ensure effective ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2017 |
Report No. IF10769 |
Title
November 7, 2017 FBI Categorization of Domestic Terrorism The World Learns of Black Identity Extremism In August 2017, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI, the Bureau), reportedly published an intelligence assessment that conceptualized a new form of domestic terrorism, black identity extremism (BIE). In October, Foreign Policy magazine s blog obtained a copy of the FBI assessment and made it ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2017 |
Report No. R44994 |
Title
The North Korean Nuclear Challenge: Military Options and Issues for Congress Kathleen J. McInnis, Coordinator Analyst in International Security Andrew Feickert Specialist in Military Ground Forces Mark E. Manyin Specialist in Asian Affairs Steven A. Hildreth Specialist in U.S. and Foreign National Security Programs Mary Beth D. Nikitin Specialist in Nonproliferation Emma Chanlett-Avery Specialist ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2017 |
Report No. IN10811 |
Title
INSIGHTi Comprehensive Energy Planning for Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands November 6, 2017 Background Hurricanes Irma and Maria caused extensive damage in the Caribbean and destroyed much of the electric power systems of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). Congress has recognized that electric power systems in insular areas are vulnerable to hurricanes and typhoons and dependent ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2017 |
Report No. R44075 |
Title
The Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB): Frequently Asked Questions Updated November 3, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44075 The Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB): Frequently Asked Questions Summary This report responds to frequently asked questions about the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB), including the board s background, current ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2017 |
Report No. SEPARATION |
Title
MEMORANDUM November 3, 2017 Subject: Legislation Limiting the President s Power to Use Nuclear Weapons: Separation of Powers Implications From: Stephen P. Mulligan, Legislative Attorney, smulligan@crs.loc.gov, 7-8983 This memorandum was prepared to enable distribution to more than one congressional office. Recent proposed legislation that would place limitations on the President s power to employ ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2017 |
Report No. ZZZ0D2388625161E609 |
Title
MEMORANDUM November 3, 2017 Subject: Legislation Limiting the President s Power to Use Nuclear Weapons: Separation of Powers Implications From: Stephen P. Mulligan, Legislative Attorney, smulligan@crs.loc.gov, 7-8983 This memorandum was prepared to enable distribution to more than one congressional office. Recent proposed legislation that would place limitations on the President s power to employ ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2017 |
Report No. R43061 |
Title
The U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce: Recent, Current, and Projected Employment, Wages, and Unemployment John F. Sargent Jr. Specialist in Science and Technology Policy November 2, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43061 The U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce Summary The adequacy of the U.S. science and engineering workforce has been an ongoing concern of Congress ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2017 |
Report No. IF10558 |
Title
Updated November 2, 2017 Coverage in the Private Health Insurance Market Americans obtain health insurance through a variety of methods and from different sources. People may get insurance through the private sector or from a government source, or individuals may go uninsured. Private Health Insurance Market The private health insurance market includes both the group market (largely made up of ...
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| Date Nov. 2, 2017 |
Report No. LSB10023 |
Title
Legal Sidebari A Second Amendment Right to Sell Firearms? The Ninth Circuit, Sitting En Banc, Weighs In. November 2, 2017 On October 10, 2017, in a 9-2 ruling, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Ninth Circuit) sitting en banc reversed a decision by a three-judge Ninth Circuit panel that held that the Second Amendment protects the commercial sale of firearms. The case, Teixeira v. ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2017 |
Report No. R45006 |
Title
U.S. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Exports: Prospects for the Caribbean Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy Ian F. Fergusson Specialist in International Trade and Finance Linda Luther Analyst in Environmental Policy Paul W. Parfomak Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy November 1, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45006 U.S. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Exports: ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2017 |
Report No. LSB10024 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Hundreds of Equifax Data Breach Lawsuits Have Been Filed What are their Chances? November 1, 2017 The recent data security breach of Equifax, one of the three main credit reporting agencies, has already spawned scores of federal lawsuits, as individual consumers, financial institutions, and state and local governments have all filed suit against the company. These cases involve a ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2017 |
Report No. LSB10021 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Federal Agencies Disagree Whether Sexual Orientation Discrimination Is Prohibited by Title VII November 1, 2017 If an employer fires an employee because of sexual orientation, is that a form of unlawful discrimination because of sex under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act? After hearing oral argument on September 26, 2017, in Zarda v. Altitude Express, Inc., the U.S. Court of ...
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| Date Nov. 1, 2017 |
Report No. LSB10022 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Out of Office: Vacancies, Acting Officers, and Day 301 November 1, 2017 Across the executive branch, acting officers are currently serving in vacant advice and consent positions, temporarily filling these offices until a permanent officer is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Some of these offices remain vacant because the Senate is still considering whether to ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2017 |
Report No. R45004 |
Title
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 114th Congress Michael Greene Senior Research Librarian Jared C. Nagel Senior Research Librarian October 31, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45004 Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments Summary The President makes appointments to positions within the ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2017 |
Report No. R45007 |
Title
Overtime Exemptions in the Fair Labor Standards Act for Executive, Administrative, and Professional Employees David H. Bradley Specialist in Labor Economics October 31, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45007 Overtime Exemptions in the Fair Labor Standards Act Summary The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is the primary federal statute providing labor standards for most, but ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2017 |
Report No. R44999 |
Title
The Federal Assets Sale and Transfer Act of 2016: Background and Key Provisions (name redacted) Specialist in American National Government October 31, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44999 The Federal Assets Sale and Transfer Act of 2016: Background and Key Provisions Summary Real property disposal is the process by which federal agencies identify and then transfer, donate, ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2017 |
Report No. IF10764 |
Title
October 31, 2017 Media Ownership Rules, Diversity, and Sinclair-Tribune Merger On November 16, 2017, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is expected to vote on whether to retain, relax, and/or repeal regulations that restrict the number of media outlets that a single entity may own or control within a local geographic market. The vote represents a reconsideration of rules the FCC adopted ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2017 |
Report No. R44998 |
Title
Renegotiating NAFTA and U.S. Textile Manufacturing Michaela D. Platzer Specialist in Industrial Organization and Business October 30, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44998 Renegotiating NAFTA and U.S. Textile Manufacturing Summary When the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was negotiated more than two decades ago, textiles and apparel were among the industrial ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2017 |
Report No. R44996 |
Title
Taiwan: Issues for Congress (name redacted) Specialist in Asian Affairs (name redacted) Specialist in Asian Trade and Finance October 30, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44996 Taiwan: Issues for Congress Summary Taiwan, which officially calls itself the Republic of China (ROC), is an island democracy of 23 million people located across the Taiwan Strait from mainland China. ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2017 |
Report No. LSB10019 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Treasury Proposes Rule That Could Deliver a "Death Sentence" to Chinese Bank October 30, 2017 (LSB10019) | Related Author David H. Carpenter | David H. Carpenter, Legislative Attorney (dcarpenter@crs.loc.gov, 7-9118) In June, the Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) to invoke the "Fifth Special Measure" a ...
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| Date Oct. 27, 2017 |
Report No. R44995 |
Title
Niger: Frequently Asked Questions About the October 2017 Attack on U.S. Soldiers Alexis Arieff, Coordinator Specialist in African Affairs Lauren Ploch Blanchard Specialist in African Affairs Andrew Feickert Specialist in Military Ground Forces Kathleen J. McInnis Analyst in International Security John W. Rollins Specialist in Terrorism and National Security Matthew C. Weed Specialist in Foreign ...
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| Date Oct. 26, 2017 |
Report No. LSB10018 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Department of Health and Human Services Halts Cost-Sharing Reduction (CSR) Payments October 26, 2017 Over the past three years, the House of Representatives and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have been adverse parties in a suit challenging HHS s payment of cost-sharing reduction (CSR) subsidies under Section 1402(c)(3) of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2017 |
Report No. IN10808 |
Title
INSIGHTi GAO Issues Opinions on Applicability of Congressional Review Act to Two Guidance Documents October 25, 2017 On October 19, 2017, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) released an opinion on the applicability of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to a 2013 interagency guidance document on leveraged lending issued by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2017 |
Report No. IN10786 |
Title
Payments for Affordable Care Act (ACA) CostSharing Reductions Updated October 25, 2017 Funding for the cost-sharing reduction (CSR) payments established under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been the subject of hearings about the individual insurance market, numerous press articles, and analyses from actuaries to consultants. Insurers have warned that they may leave the ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2017 |
Report No. IN10809 |
Title
INSIGHTi Doing Business with Iran: EU-Iran Trade and Investment Relations October 25, 2017 With the easing of nuclear-related sanctions on Iran by the United States, European Union and United Nations under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), signed on July 14, 2015, many foreign firms have begun to resume business with Iran. However, on October 13, 2017, President Trump announced he ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2017 |
Report No. R44992 |
Title
Reconsidering the Clean Power Plan James E. McCarthy Specialist in Environmental Policy October 25, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44992 Reconsidering the Clean Power Plan Summary On October 10, 2017, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed to repeal the Clean Power Plan (CPP), an Obama Administration rule that would limit carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions ...
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| Date Oct. 25, 2017 |
Report No. R44991 |
Title
Poverty in the United States in 2016: In Brief Joseph Dalaker Analyst in Social Policy October 25, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44991 Poverty in the United States in 2016: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 How the Official Poverty Measure ...
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| Date Oct. 24, 2017 |
Report No. NAFTA-STATE |
Title
State Exports to NAFTA Countries for 2016 Alabama This product provides statistics on state-level U.S. exports to Canada and Mexico, parties to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), using data from the U.S. Census Bureau tailored for the state of Alabama. This information was compiled based on a congressional request. State-level trade data have a number of limitations and should be ...
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| Date Oct. 24, 2017 |
Report No. R42359 |
Title
Who Earns Pass-Through Business Income? An Analysis of Individual Tax Return Data Updated October 24, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42359 Who Earns Pass-Through Business Income? An Analysis of Individual Tax Return Data Summary Pass-through businesses sole proprietorships, partnerships, and S corporations generate more than half of all business income in the ...
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| Date Oct. 24, 2017 |
Report No. IF10580 |
Title
Updated October 24, 2017 Transnational Crime Issues: International Drug Trafficking Introduction As a matter of U.S. and international policy, the production, dissemination, sale, and human consumption of potentially harmful and dangerous drugs, psychotropic substances, and related chemicals are controlled through laws, regulations, and related enforcement actions. Globally, the U.S. government ...
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| Date Oct. 24, 2017 |
Report No. IF10608 |
Title
Updated October 24, 2017 Overview of Artificial Intelligence The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is growing across a wide range of sectors. Stakeholders and policymakers have called for careful consideration of strategies to influence its growth, reap predicted benefits, and mitigate potential risks. This document provides an overview of AI technologies and applications, recent private and ...
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| Date Oct. 23, 2017 |
Report No. STATESOB |
Title
MEMORANDUM October 23, 2017 Subject: States Obligations Under Additional Protocols to IAEA Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements From: Paul K. Kerr, Specialist in Nonproliferation , pkerr@crs.loc.gov, 7-8693 Mary Beth D. Nikitin, Specialist in Nonproliferation, mnikitin@crs.loc.gov, 7-7745 This memorandum was prepared to enable distribution to more than one congressional office. Introduction1 ...
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| Date Oct. 23, 2017 |
Report No. IF10615 |
Title
Updated October 23, 2017 Financial Crime Issues: Global Illicit Drug Proceeds Introduction Revenues generated through illicit drug trafficking account for a large proportion of transnational organized crime proceeds, and curbing the global circulation of such illicit financial flows remains a challenge. Following the money is one of several counternarcotics policy options leveraged by authorities, ...
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| Date Oct. 23, 2017 |
Report No. ZZZC3B0E27D0610783B |
Title
MEMORANDUM October 23, 2017 Subject: States Obligations Under Additional Protocols to IAEA Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements From: Paul K. Kerr, Specialist in Nonproliferation , pkerr@crs.loc.gov, 7-8693 Mary Beth D. Nikitin, Specialist in Nonproliferation, mnikitin@crs.loc.gov, 7-7745 This memorandum was prepared to enable distribution to more than one congressional office. Introduction1 ...
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