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| Date Oct. 4, 2017 |
Report No. R44976 |
Title
The Tax Treatment of Net Operating Losses: In Brief October 4, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44976 The Tax Treatment of Net Operating Losses: In Brief Summary Tax reform could result in any number of changes to current tax policy. One modification that could occur is the tax treatment of net operating losses (NOLs). An NOL is incurred when a business taxpayer ...
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| Date Oct. 4, 2017 |
Report No. IF10746 |
Title
October 4, 2017 th Hunting, Fishing, and Related Issues in the 115 Congress Sportsmen s and sportswomen s issues, including hunting, fishing, recreational shooting, and other wildlife-associated activities, are regular matters of interest for Congress, including in the 115th Congress. At issue for Congress is increasing access to federal lands and waters, balancing recreational uses and ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2017 |
Report No. IN10785 |
Title
Puerto Rico and Electric Power Restoration from Hurricane Maria Updated October 3, 2017 Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico as a Category 4 storm with sustained wind speeds of 155 miles per hour on September 20, 2017. The hurricane also brought torrential rainfall with over 20 inches of rain resulting in widespread flooding across the island. Puerto Rico s office of emergency management ...
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| Date Oct. 3, 2017 |
Report No. IN10758 |
Title
The question of self-determination for the Kurds of Iraq and neighboring Syria, Turkey, and Iran has remained unresolved since the delineation of national borders in the Middle East in the wake of World War I. U.S. intervention in Iraq since the 1990s has contributed to the emergence and protection of autonomous political institutions in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) and the development of ...
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| Date Oct. 2, 2017 |
Report No. IN10757 |
Title
Transport Agencies Withdraw Proposed Sleep Apnea Rules Updated October 2, 2017 On August 8, 2017, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) withdrew a rulemaking effort that would have required some truck drivers and rail engineers to be screened for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The agencies stated that, while OSA remains a safety concern, ...
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| Date Oct. 2, 2017 |
Report No. IN10793 |
Title
Economic Impact of Hurricanes Harvey and Irma October 2, 2017 In recent weeks, multiple southern states and U.S. territories have experienced significant property damage and loss of life as a result of severe hurricanes, including Harvey, Irma, and Maria. This Insight will focus on the economic impact of Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, as the impact of Hurricane Maria is still unfolding in Puerto ...
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| Date Oct. 2, 2017 |
Report No. LSB10006 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court To Hear Partisan Gerrymandering Case On October 3 October 2, 2017 On October 3, 2017, the U.S. Supreme Court will hear oral arguments in Gill v. Whitford, a case that could significantly impact how congressional and state legislative redistricting maps are drawn. In Gill, the Court has been asked to establish a standard for determining whether a redistricting map is an ...
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| Date Oct. 2, 2017 |
Report No. IF10744 |
Title
October 2, 2017 The Tax Reform Framework The proposed tax reform Unified Framework for Fixing Our Broken Tax Code was released on September 27, 2017. The Framework, agreed to by the majority party leaders of the House and Senate and the chairmen of the Ways and Means Committee and Senate Finance Committee, along with representatives of the Administration, contains many elements of the House tax ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2017 |
Report No. R44660 |
Title
DHS Appropriations FY2017: Protection, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery Updated September 29, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44660 DHS Appropriations FY2017: Protection, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery Summary This report is part of a suite of reports that address appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2017. It specifically ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2017 |
Report No. R44567 |
Title
FY2017 Appropriations for the Census Bureau and Bureau of Economic Analysis Updated September 29, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44567 FY2017 Appropriations for the Census Bureau and Bureau of Economic Analysis Summary This report discusses FY2017 appropriations (discretionary budget authority) for the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and Bureau of the Census ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2017 |
Report No. R44733 |
Title
Commodity Futures Trading Commission: Proposed Reauthorization in the 115th Congress Updated September 29, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44733 Commodity Futures Trading Commission: Proposed Reauthorization Summary The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), created in 1974, regulates futures, most options, and swaps markets. The CFTC administers the ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2017 |
Report No. IN10789 |
Title
Recent Developments in U.S. Aid to Egypt September 29, 2017 Overview In recent months, the Trump Administration and Congress have taken various steps toward reducing U.S. foreign military and economic assistance to Egypt. Although lawmakers have debated the merits of U.S. foreign aid to Egypt for years, executive and legislative branch action may be tied to specific U.S. concern over Egypt s new ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2017 |
Report No. IN10790 |
Title
INSIGHTi Waivers of Jones Act Shipping Requirements September 29, 2017 On September 28, the Trump Administration issued a temporary waiver of the Jones Act ( 27 of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920) to facilitate response to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. In recent weeks, the Administration issued similar waivers affecting Texas and Louisiana, following Hurricane Harvey, ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2017 |
Report No. IN10791 |
Title
President Trump s Proclamation on Enhanced Vetting of Foreign Nationals from Designated Countries September 29, 2017 On September 24, 2017, President Donald Trump issued a presidential proclamation entitled Enhancing Vetting Capabilities and Processes for Detecting Attempted Entry Into the United States by Terrorists or Other Public-Safety Threats (the proclamation) that suspends and/or restricts ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2017 |
Report No. IN10792 |
Title
The Equifax Data Breach: An Overview and Issues for Congress September 29, 2017 According to Equifax, cybercriminals exploited a vulnerability in one of its online applications between mid-May and July 2017, potentially revealing information for 143 million U.S. consumers. Equifax stated that the information accessed primarily includes names, Social Security numbers, birth date, addresses, and, in ...
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| Date Sept. 29, 2017 |
Report No. IF10688 |
Title
Updated September 29, 2017 Key Issues in Tax Reform: The Section 199 Deduction The Section 199 domestic production activities deduction reduces the effective tax rate on certain types of activities, primarily domestic manufacturing activities. Whether the Section 199 deduction should be a part of a reformed tax code is a question Congress may choose to address as it evaluates tax reform options. ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2017 |
Report No. R44973 |
Title
Amtrak: Overview name redacted Analyst in Transportation Policy September 28, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44973 Amtrak: Overview Summary Amtrak is the nation s primary provider of intercity passenger rail service. It was created by Congress in 1970 to preserve some level of intercity passenger rail service while enabling private rail companies to exit the money-losing ...
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| Date Sept. 28, 2017 |
Report No. IN10788 |
Title
Hurricanes Irma and Maria: Impact on Caribbean Countries and Foreign Territories September 28, 2017 In addition to causing massive destruction to the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean, Hurricanes Irma and Maria severely affected several Caribbean countries and foreign territories. Between September 5 and 9, 2017, Hurricane Irma caused widespread damage to ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2017 |
Report No. IN10764 |
Title
2017 Hurricanes and Army Corps of Engineers: Background for Flood Response and Recovery Updated September 27, 2017 In addition to damage from high winds, hurricanes can produce damaging storm surge and flooding from rainfall. This Insight summarizes flood-management activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, or Corps) related to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria. USACE has three roles ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2017 |
Report No. R44969 |
Title
Overview of the Federal Government s Power to Exclude Aliens Updated September 27, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44969 Overview of the Federal Government s Power to Exclude Aliens Summary The Supreme Court has determined that inherent principles of sovereignty give Congress plenary power to regulate immigration. The core of this power the part that has proven ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2017 |
Report No. IN10787 |
Title
INSIGHTi Pesticide Registration Fees: Reauthorization and Proposed Amendments September 27, 2017 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) capacity to evaluate pesticide registrations within statutory time frames is generally dependent on sufficient resources and requisite scientific information to inform evaluations. Pursuant to the Pesticide Registration Improvement Extension Act of ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2017 |
Report No. R44971 |
Title
Pre-Merger Review and Challenges Under the Clayton Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act Updated September 27, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44971 Overview of Federal Pre-Merger Review and Challenges Summary Preserving competition is an overarching purpose of federal laws governing business mergers. Though other federal laws, including the Sherman Act, ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2017 |
Report No. IF10696 |
Title
Updated September 27, 2017 Key Issues in Tax Reform: The Business Interest Deduction and Capital Expensing Two policy changes that have appeared in the recent tax reform discussions are (1) disallowing business deductions of interest payments and (2) allowing expensing of capital investments. While the discussions are typically framed in terms of trading one policy for the other policy, the ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2017 |
Report No. IF10725 |
Title
Updated September 27, 2017 Key Issues in Tax Reform: The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit The low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) program is one of the federal government s primary policy tools for encouraging the development and rehabilitation of affordable rental housing. The program is estimated to cost approximately $9.0 billion annually in forgone federal tax revenue. Because of its importance ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2017 |
Report No. IF10741 |
Title
September 27, 2017 Naloxone for Opioid Overdose: Regulation and Policy Options In the United States, the annual number of drug overdose deaths involving opioids has more than quadrupled since 1999, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recent estimates (through the third quarter of 2016) show that the age-adjusted rate of drug overdose deaths has continued to rise. ...
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| Date Sept. 27, 2017 |
Report No. IF10743 |
Title
September 27, 2017 The Philippines: War on Drugs and Human Rights Concerns Since he was elected in July 2016, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte has waged a domestic War on Drugs. Reports linking Duterte s counterdrug policies with possibly thousands of extrajudicial killings have caused widespread international concern. At the same time, the Philippines is a U.S. treaty ally with which the ...
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| Date Sept. 26, 2017 |
Report No. IF10739 |
Title
September 26, 2017 Disaster Assistance and Federal Subsidies for Municipal Bonds The destruction caused by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria to the Gulf Coast and Southeast regions has prompted a discussion of possible ways for federal, state, and local governments to provide assistance to distressed homeowners and businesses. Past discussions have included proposals that would alter the federal ...
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| Date Sept. 25, 2017 |
Report No. R44965 |
Title
Privatization and the Constitution: Selected Legal Issues Updated September 25, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44965 Privatization and the Constitution: Selected Legal Issues Summary Privatization is a broad term that encompasses various types of public-private arrangements, including contractual relationships with private entities for goods or services and ...
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| Date Sept. 24, 2017 |
Report No. IF10625 |
Title
Updated September 24, 2017 Social Costs of Carbon/Greenhouse Gases: Issues for Congress On March 28, 2017, President Trump issued Executive Order 13783, Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth. It states that it is essential that agencies use estimates of costs and benefits in their regulatory analyses that are based on the best available science and economics. His order then effectively ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2017 |
Report No. R43012 |
Title
Itemized Tax Deductions for Individuals: Data Analysis Updated September 21, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43012 Itemized Tax Deductions for Individuals: Data Analysis Summary Reforming or limiting itemized tax deductions for individuals has gained the interest of policymakers as one way to increase federal tax revenue, increase the share of taxes paid by ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2017 |
Report No. R44961 |
Title
FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017 (FDARA, P.L. 115-52) Updated September 21, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44961 FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017 (FDARA, P.L. 115-52) Summary Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review of medical products (human drugs and devices) is funded through a combination of annual discretionary appropriations from Congress (budget ...
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| Date Sept. 21, 2017 |
Report No. R44962 |
Title
Patent Law: A Primer and Overview of Emerging Issues Updated September 21, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44962 Patent Law: A Primer and Overview of Emerging Issues Summary In an increase over prior terms, the Supreme Court of the United States issued six opinions involving patent law during its October 2016 Term. These decisions addressed issues ranging from ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2017 |
Report No. IN10727 |
Title
Normalization of the Federal Reserve s Balance Sheet Updated September 20, 2017 This Insight answers questions about the Federal Reserve s (Fed s) September 20 announcement that it would begin to normalize its balance sheet in October by gradually reducing its asset holdings. How Did the Balance Sheet Get So Large? During the 2008 financial crisis, the Fed increased its balance sheet. Initially, ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2017 |
Report No. IN10781 |
Title
Hurricanes and Electricity Infrastructure Hardening September 20, 2017 This Insight discusses the measures undertaken by electric utilities to prevent or mitigate power outages resulting from severe weather events. Power lines and transformers used to provide electricity to customers are particularly susceptible to damage due to their exposure to the elements. (See CRS Report R42696, Weather- ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2017 |
Report No. R44960 |
Title
Mandatory Arbitration and the Federal Arbitration Act Jon O. Shimabukuro Legislative Attorney Jennifer A. Staman Legislative Attorney September 20, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44960 Mandatory Arbitration and the Federal Arbitration Act Summary Arbitration is a method of legal dispute resolution in which a neutral, private third party, rather than a judge or jury, ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2017 |
Report No. IF10737 |
Title
September 20, 2017 Autonomous and Semi-autonomous Trucks Introduction Autonomous trucks potentially offer significant freight transportation savings for the U.S. economy. Trucks carry about three-quarters of U.S. freight when measured by cargo weight or value. Driver compensation represents either the largest or second-largest cost component for truck carriers, depending on the price of fuel. Fuel ...
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| Date Sept. 20, 2017 |
Report No. IF10736 |
Title
September 20, 2017 Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs) and the Volcker Rule Recent rulemaking to implement Section 619 (the Volcker Rule) of the Dodd-Frank Act focused attention on bank participation in collateralized loan obligations (CLOs). Loans can be pooled and funded via a CLO trust structure, which subsequently creates and issues securities. This In Focus provides background discussions ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2017 |
Report No. R44625 |
Title
Department of Veterans Affairs FY2017 Appropriations Updated September 19, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44625 Department of Veterans Affairs FY2017 Appropriations Summary The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides a range of benefits and services to veterans and eligible dependents who meet certain criteria as authorized by law. These benefits include ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2017 |
Report No. R44956 |
Title
Supreme Court October Term 2017: A Preview of Select Cases Updated September 19, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44956 Supreme Court October Term 2017: A Preview of Select Cases Summary On October 2, 2017, the Supreme Court is to begin its new term. While the Court issued a number of notable decisions during its last full term, Court watchers have largely ...
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| Date Sept. 19, 2017 |
Report No. IF10735 |
Title
September 19, 2017 Risks and Rewards of Transportation Public-Private Partnerships (P3s), with Lessons from Texas and Indiana A public-private partnership (P3) is a contractual arrangement between a public agency and a private company for the company to assume substantial responsibility for some or all of the planning, design, financing, construction, operation, and maintenance of a transportation ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2017 |
Report No. R44839 |
Title
The Financial CHOICE Act in the 115th Congress: Selected Policy Issues Marc Labonte Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy David H. Carpenter Legislative Attorney Christopher M. Davis Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process David W. Perkins Analyst in Macroeconomic Policy Gary Shorter Specialist in Financial Economics Baird Webel Specialist in Financial Economics September 18, 2017 ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2017 |
Report No. R44952 |
Title
EPA s Role in Emergency Planning and Notification at Chemical Facilities Updated September 18, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44952 EPA s Role in Emergency Planning and Notification at Chemical Facilities Summary Chemicals and the facilities that manufacture, store, distribute, and use them are essential to the U.S. economy. However, incidents occasioned by ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2017 |
Report No. RS20928 |
Title
Field Hearings: Fact Sheet on Purposes, Rules, Regulations, and Guidelines Updated September 18, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20928 Field Hearings: Fact Sheet on Purposes, Rules, Regulations, and Guidelines F ield hearings are congressional hearings held outside Washington, DC. They date at least to the Civil War, when committees sometimes traveled to the ...
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| Date Sept. 18, 2017 |
Report No. IN10780 |
Title
Election in Germany September 18, 2017 Chancellor Angela Merkel is seeking a fourth term in Germany s parliamentary election scheduled for September 24, 2017. Merkel has led Europe s largest and most prosperous country for 12 years and is widely viewed as the most influential political leader in Europe. Opinion polls suggest she will be reelected comfortably. Merkel s campaign has stressed the ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2017 |
Report No. R44949 |
Title
Supreme Court October Term 2016: A Review of Select Major Rulings name redacted, Coordinator Acting Section Research Manager name redacted Legislative Attorney name redact e d Acting Section Research Manager name redacted Legislative Attorney name redacted Legislative Attorney September 15, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44949 Supreme Court October Term 2016: A Review of ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2017 |
Report No. R44946 |
Title
State Department Special Envoy, Representative, and Coordinator Positions: Background and Congressional Actions Updated September 15, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44946 State Department Special Envoy, Representative, and Coordinator Positions Summary The 115th Congress has expressed interest in monitoring the use of special envoys, representatives, and ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2017 |
Report No. IN10778 |
Title
Implementation Date Nears for HHS Emergency Preparedness (EP) Rule September 15, 2017 On November 16, 2017, many U.S. health care entities will be expected to fully comply with new federal emergency preparedness requirements. Emergency Preparedness Requirements for Medicare and Medicaid Participating Providers and Suppliers (the EP Rule ), issued by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ( ...
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| Date Sept. 15, 2017 |
Report No. R44951 |
Title
Regulatory Exclusivity Reform in the 115th Congress September 15, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44951 Regulatory Exclusivity Reform in the 115th Congress Summary Regulatory exclusivities provide incentives for pharmaceutical innovation in the United States. Overseen by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), regulatory exclusivities are alternatively known as ...
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| Date Sept. 14, 2017 |
Report No. IN10777 |
Title
Unauthorized Childhood Arrivals: Legislative Options September 14, 2017 In 2012, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) began granting deferred action through the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program to certain individuals without lawful immigration status who had arrived in the United States as children and met other requirements. The requirements included initial entry into ...
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| Date Sept. 14, 2017 |
Report No. IN10774 |
Title
Congressional Consideration of Resolutions to Censure Executive Branch Officials September 14, 2017 Over the history of the federal Congress, Members have proposed resolutions to formally express the House or Senate s censure, disapproval, loss of confidence, or condemnation of the President or other executive branch official or their actions. This Insight summarizes the parliamentary procedures ...
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