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| Date July 6, 2017 |
Report No. R41988 |
Title
The Section 199 Production Activities Deduction: Background and Analysis Molly F. Sherlock Analyst in Economics July 6, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41988 The Section 199 Production Activities Deduction: Background and Analysis Summary In 2004, Congress added the Section 199 domestic production activities deduction to the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). The deduction was ...
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| Date July 6, 2017 |
Report No. R44885 |
Title
Department of Health and Human Services: FY2018 Budget Request Jessica Tollestrup Specialist in Social Policy Karen E. Lynch Specialist in Social Policy July 6, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44885 Department of Health and Human Services: FY2018 Budget Request Summary This report provides information about the FY2018 budget request for the Department of Health and Human ...
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| Date July 5, 2017 |
Report No. R44703 |
Title
Generic Drugs and GDUFA Reauthorization: In Brief Updated July 5, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44703 Generic Drugs and GDUFA Reauthorization: In Brief Summary A generic drug is a lower-cost copy of a brand-name chemical drug. Marketing of the generic drug becomes possible only when the brand-name also called innovator drug is no longer protected from market ...
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| Date July 5, 2017 |
Report No. IN10732 |
Title
Executive Order to Expand Apprenticeships July 5, 2017 On June 15, 2017, President Trump issued Executive Order 13801 (EO) with the stated goal of expanding apprenticeship programs as a workforce development strategy. The EO emphasized apprenticeship programs as a workforce-driven strategy that may come at a lower cost to students than traditional higher education. The EO also directed federal ...
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| Date July 5, 2017 |
Report No. IN10734 |
Title
North Korea s Long-Range Missile Test July 5, 2017 On July 4, 2017, North Korea tested a long-range ballistic missile that some observers characterized as having intercontinental range. If so, it represents reaching a milestone years earlier than many analysts predicted. The two-stage missile reportedly flew in a high trajectory for 37 minutes, demonstrating a theoretical range that could include ...
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| Date July 5, 2017 |
Report No. IG10008 |
Title
How People Talk About the President s FY2018 Defense Budget Request Updated July 5, 2017 Author Information Pat Towell Specialist in U.S. Defense Policy and Budget Lynn M. Williams Analyst in U.S. Defense Budget Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It ...
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| Date July 5, 2017 |
Report No. BIVENS |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar No Bivens for You? 07/05/2017 In Ziglar v. Abbasi, a consolidated case in which only two-thirds of the bench participated, the Supreme Court ruled 4-2 against extending the judicially created Bivens remedy to certain unlawfully present aliens challenging their detention during investigations following the September 11, 2001 terror attacks. However, the Court ...
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| Date July 5, 2017 |
Report No. IF10686 |
Title
July 5, 2017 DOL s 2016 Fiduciary Rule on Investment Advice Under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA; P.L. 93-406), a person who provides investment advice has a fiduciary obligation to provide the advice in the sole interest of plan participants. Thus, redefining the term investment advice could affect who is subject to this fiduciary standard. More detailed information ...
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| Date July 5, 2017 |
Report No. IF10627 |
Title
Updated July 5, 2017 Ecosystem Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay Background The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. Its watershed comprises a 64,000 square-mile area and includes portions of the District of Columbia and the states of Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia (see Figure 1). Freshwater enters the bay from several tributaries, ...
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| Date July 5, 2017 |
Report No. IN10733 |
Title
The Trump Administration is expected to decide by July 12 whether to lift most of a 20-year-old sanctions regime against Sudan, continuing an Obama Administration strategy of conditional engagement with the country. By that date, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson must present an interagency report on Sudan's compliance with benchmarks negotiated between the Obama Administration and the government ...
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| Date July 5, 2017 |
Report No. R43398 |
Title
The Education Sciences Reform Act Jeffrey J. Kuenzi Specialist in Education Policy Adam Stoll Section Research Manager July 5, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43398 The Education Sciences Reform Act Summary The Education Sciences Reform Act (ESRA, Title I of P.L. 107-279) established the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) as an independent research arm of the Department ...
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| Date July 5, 2017 |
Report No. IF10687 |
Title
July 5, 2017 Judiciary Budget Request, FY2018 Overview The FY2018 judiciary budget request totals $7.86 billion. This total includes $7.23 billion in discretionary funds (an increase of 4.3% over FY2017) and $636.1 million in mandatory funding, which is used to pay the salaries and benefits of judges. Table 1. FY2018 Discretionary Request and FY2017 Discretionary Appropriations (in millions of ...
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| Date July 3, 2017 |
Report No. R44884 |
Title
Department of Labor s 2016 Fiduciary Rule: Background and Issues Updated July 3, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44884 Department of Labor s 2016 Fiduciary Rule: Background and Issues Summary Regulations issued in 1975 (called the 1975 rule in this report) defined investment advice using a five-part test. To be held to ERISA s fiduciary standard with respect to ...
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| Date July 3, 2017 |
Report No. RS21157 |
Title
International Species Conservation Funds Pervaze A. Sheikh Acting Section Research Manager July 3, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21157 International Species Conservation Funds I nternational species conservation is addressed by several funds, including those under the Multinational Species Conservation Fund (MSCF) and the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Fund ( ...
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| Date July 3, 2017 |
Report No. RS22168 |
Title
The Corporation for Public Broadcasting: Federal Funding and Issues Glenn J. McLoughlin Section Research Manager Lena A. Gomez Research Librarian July 3, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22168 The Corporation for Public Broadcasting: Federal Funding and Issues Summary The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) receives its funding through federal appropriations; overall, ...
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| Date July 3, 2017 |
Report No. IF10128 |
Title
Updated July 3, 2017 Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) Many stakeholders recognize the Great Lakes ecosystem as an international resource that has been altered by human activities and climate variability. These alterations have led to degraded water quality, diminished habitat, smaller native fish and wildlife populations, and a changed ecosystem. In response, the federal governments of ...
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| Date June 30, 2017 |
Report No. R44881 |
Title
The Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2018 and Beyond Updated June 30, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44881 The Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2018 and Beyond Summary The federal budget is a central component of the congressional power of the purse. Each fiscal year, Congress and the President engage in a number of practices that influence ...
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| Date June 30, 2017 |
Report No. IN10730 |
Title
Hong Kong Marks 20th Anniversary of Handover to Chinese Sovereignty June 30, 2017 On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to Chinese sovereignty in accordance with the Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People s Republic of China (PRC) on the Question of Hong Kong (Joint Declaration) and the Basic Law of the Hong ...
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| Date June 30, 2017 |
Report No. PRIVATE |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar The Legal and Practical Effects of Private Immigration Legislation and Recent Policy Changes 06/30/2017 For many years, private immigration bills have served as the last step to prevent the removal of certain aliens who are subject to final orders of removal. Generally, this practice has been reserved for a very small group of aliens who, while having been ...
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| Date June 30, 2017 |
Report No. ZZZ9073DC5760601DAA |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar The Legal and Practical Effects of Private Immigration Legislation and Recent Policy Changes 06/30/2017 For many years, private immigration bills have served as the last step to prevent the removal of certain aliens who are subject to final orders of removal. Generally, this practice has been reserved for a very small group of aliens who, while having been ...
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| Date June 29, 2017 |
Report No. R41349 |
Title
U.S.-Mexican Security Cooperation: The M rida Initiative and Beyond Updated June 29, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41349 U.S.-Mexican Security Cooperation: The M rida Initiative and Beyond Summary Ten years after the Mexican government launched an aggressive, military-led campaign against drug trafficking and organized crime, violent crime continues to ...
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| Date June 29, 2017 |
Report No. RS21118 |
Title
U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues Updated June 29, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21118 U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues Summary The United States is the largest direct investor abroad and the largest recipient of foreign direct investment in the world. For some Americans, the national gains attributed to ...
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| Date June 29, 2017 |
Report No. RS21857 |
Title
Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: An Economic Analysis Updated June 29, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21857 Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: An Economic Analysis Summary Foreign direct investment in the United States in 2015 increased by 83% over that recorded in 2014. (Note: The United States defines foreign direct investment as ...
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| Date June 29, 2017 |
Report No. R43384 |
Title
Emergency Relief for Disaster-Damaged Roads and Transit Systems: In Brief Robert S. Kirk Specialist in Transportation Policy June 29, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43384 Emergency Relief for Disaster-Damaged Roads and Transit Systems: In Brief Summary Major roads and bridges are part of the federal-aid highway system and are therefore eligible for assistance under the ...
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| Date June 28, 2017 |
Report No. R44454 |
Title
Defense: FY2017 Budget Request, Authorization, and Appropriations Updated June 28, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44454 Defense: FY2017 Budget Request, Authorization, and Appropriations Summary This report discusses the Obama Administration s FY2017 defense budget request and provides a summary of congressional action on the National Defense Authorization Act ...
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| Date June 28, 2017 |
Report No. R42395 |
Title
A Retrospective of House Rules Changes Since the 110th Congress Updated June 28, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42395 A Retrospective of House Rules Changes Since the 110th Congress Summary One of the majority party s prerogatives is writing House rules and using its numbers to effect the chamber s rules on the day a new House convenes. Because all Members of ...
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| Date June 28, 2017 |
Report No. R44609 |
Title
Climate Change: Frequently Asked Questions About the 2015 Paris Agreement Jane A. Leggett Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy Richard K. Lattanzio Specialist in Environmental Policy June 28, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44609 Climate Change: Frequently Asked Questions About the 2015 Paris Agreement Summary The Paris Agreement (PA) to address climate change ...
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| Date June 28, 2017 |
Report No. R44880 |
Title
Oil and Natural Gas Pipelines: Role of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Nicole T. Carter Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Linda Luther Analyst in Environmental Policy Laura B. Comay Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Paul W. Parfomak Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy June 28, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44880 Oil and Natural Gas Pipelines: Role of ...
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| Date June 28, 2017 |
Report No. R44861 |
Title
Reauthorization of the Perkins Act in the 115th Congress: Comparison of Current Law and H.R. 2353 Updated June 28, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44861 Reauthorization of the Perkins Act in the 115th Congress Summary Since 1984, a number of acts named after former Congressman Carl D. Perkins have been the main federal laws authorized to support the development ...
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| Date June 28, 2017 |
Report No. R44566 |
Title
The Coast Guard s Role in Safeguarding Maritime Transportation: Selected Issues Updated June 28, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44566 The Coast Guard s Role in Safeguarding Maritime Transportation: Selected Issues Summary Congress has made the U.S. Coast Guard responsible for safeguarding vessel traffic on the nation s coastal and inland waterways. Congress ...
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| Date June 28, 2017 |
Report No. IG10009 |
Title
The Road to Veterans Benefits June 28, 2017 Author Information Kristy N. Kamarck Analyst in Military Manpower Sidath Viranga Panangala Specialist in Veterans Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction ...
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| Date June 28, 2017 |
Report No. VACANCIES |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Help Wanted: Supreme Court Holds Vacancies Act Prohibits Nominees from Serving as Acting Officers 06/28/2017 As reported by a number of news organizations, many executive branch positions that the President may staff only with the advice and consent of the Senate remain unfilled. An incredibly complex statute, the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 (Vacancies ...
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| Date June 27, 2017 |
Report No. UPHOLD |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Constitutional Limits on States Efforts to Uphold the Paris Agreement 06/27/2017 Following President Trump s June 1 announcement that the United States will withdraw from the Paris Agreement an international pact intended to address climate change over the coming century some American cities and states have promised to pursue the Agreement s goals even after ...
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| Date June 27, 2017 |
Report No. IN10725 |
Title
The advanced nuclear production tax credit (PTC) (Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 45J) provides a 1.8 cent per kilowatt hour (kWh) tax credit for electricity sold that was produced at qualifying facilities. Criteria for qualifying facilities include that they must use nuclear reactor designs approved by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission after 1993, and must be placed in service by the end of ...
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| Date June 26, 2017 |
Report No. R44588 |
Title
Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2017 Appropriations Updated June 26, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44588 Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2017 Appropriations Summary The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and in evennumbered ...
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| Date June 26, 2017 |
Report No. IN10712 |
Title
Qatar and its Neighbors: Disputes and Possible Implications Updated June 26, 2017 Qatar s Neighbors Break Relations, Impose Sanctions On June 5, the governments of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, and Egypt severed diplomatic relations with Qatar, moved to expel Qatari diplomats, recalled their ambassadors from the Qatari capital, Doha, and imposed limits on the entry and ...
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| Date June 26, 2017 |
Report No. RUNNING |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar When Is Running Gun From the Philippines to Mexico a Federal Crime? 06/26/2017 In United States v. Ubaldo, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Ninth Circuit) suggested that it is a federal crime when the guns are smuggled through the United States in transit. In a case with more than one interesting feature, the Ninth Circuit upheld the convictions ...
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| Date June 23, 2017 |
Report No. R44495 |
Title
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2017 Appropriations Updated June 23, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44495 Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2017 Appropriations Summary Most of the funding for the activities of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) comes from discretionary appropriations provided each year ...
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| Date June 23, 2017 |
Report No. R44465 |
Title
Energy and Water Development: FY2017 Appropriations Mark Holt Specialist in Energy Policy June 23, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44465 Energy and Water Development: FY2017 Appropriations Summary The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill provides funding for civil works projects of the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), the Department of the Interior s Bureau of ...
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| Date June 23, 2017 |
Report No. IN10726 |
Title
DOD Security Cooperation: Assessment, Monitoring, and Evaluation June 23, 2017 Introduction As part of recent efforts to modify existing security cooperation authorities, the FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) (P.L. 114-328) enacted several new provisions that modify the budgeting, execution, administration, and evaluation of Department of Defense (DOD) security cooperation programs ...
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| Date June 22, 2017 |
Report No. R44875 |
Title
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and U.S. Agriculture Updated June 22, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44875 The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and U.S. Agriculture Summary The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force on January 1, 1994, establishing a free trade area as part of a comprehensive economic and ...
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| Date June 22, 2017 |
Report No. IN10724 |
Title
U.S. Beef: It s What s for China June 22, 2017 In June 2017 the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced that the United States and China had reached an agreement resolving technical issues that would allow U.S. beef exports to China to resume, thus resolving a long-standing dispute between the two countries. China had banned imports of U.S. beef immediately after bovine spongiform ...
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| Date June 22, 2017 |
Report No. IF10681 |
Title
June 22, 2017 Farm Bill Primer: Forestry Title Forest management generally, as well as forest research and forestry assistance, is within the jurisdiction of the agriculture committees in Congress. Although most forestry programs are permanently authorized, forestry often is addressed in the periodic farm bills to reauthorize many agriculture programs. Four of the past five farm bills included a ...
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| Date June 22, 2017 |
Report No. IF10682 |
Title
June 22, 2017 NAFTA Renegotiation: Issues for U.S. Agriculture The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force on January 1, 1994 (P.L. 103-182), establishing a free trade area as part of a comprehensive economic and free trade agreement among the United States, Canada, and Mexico. In May 2017, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) notified Congress of the Administration s intent ...
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| Date June 22, 2017 |
Report No. IF10680 |
Title
June 22, 2017 When Congress Does Not Agree on a Budget Resolution: Use of Existing Budget Enforcement and Deeming Resolutions The Budget Resolution The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 provides for the annual adoption of a budget resolution, which is meant to reflect an agreement between the House and Senate on a budget plan. The budget resolution does not become law no money is spent or collected ...
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| Date June 21, 2017 |
Report No. R44486 |
Title
FY2016 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) Updated June 21, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44486 FY2016 State Grants Under Title I-A of the ESEA Summary The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was comprehensively reauthorized by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95) on December 10, 2015. The ...
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| Date June 21, 2017 |
Report No. R44878 |
Title
Reception and Placement of Refugees in the United States Updated June 21, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44878 Reception and Placement of Refugees in the United States Summary The U.S. Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP), which is managed by the Department of State (DOS), resettles refugees from around the world in the United States. Once a refugee case is ...
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| Date June 21, 2017 |
Report No. IN10722 |
Title
Cuba: President Trump Partially Rolls Back Obama Engagement Policy June 21, 2017 On June 16, 2017, President Trump unveiled his Administration s policy on Cuba, which partially rolls back some of the Obama Administration s efforts to normalize relations with Cuba. President Trump set forth his Administration s policy in a speech in Miami, FL, where he signed a national security presidential ...
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| Date June 21, 2017 |
Report No. R44830 |
Title
Extension of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant in the Consolidated Appropriations Act: In Brief Updated June 21, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44830 Extension of the TANF Block Grant Introduction The FY2017 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 115-31) extends funding for the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block ...
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| Date June 21, 2017 |
Report No. IN10723 |
Title
Out of Breath: Military Aircraft Oxygen Issues June 21, 2017 The Air Force recently grounded some of its newest aircraft, F-35A strike fighters, due to incidents in which pilots became physiologically impaired with symptoms of oxygen deficiency while flying. Although the root cause of the F-35 incidents has not yet been established, the grounding has renewed attention on hypoxia, a physical ...
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