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| Date May 17, 2017 |
Report No. IN10705 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT OPEC and Non-OPEC Crude Oil Production Agreement: Compliance Status May 17, 2017 (IN10705) | Related Author Phillip Brown | Phillip Brown, Specialist in Energy Policy (pbrown@crs.loc.gov, 7-7386) Founded in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) currently has 13 member countries that represent approximately ...
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| Date May 17, 2017 |
Report No. ACCESS |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Presidential Authority to Permit Access to National Security Information 05/17/2017 It appears more likely than not that the President is presumed to have the authority to disclose classified information to foreign agents in keeping with his power and responsibility to advance U.S. national security interests. As President Trump recently asserted, his authority ...
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| Date May 17, 2017 |
Report No. ZZZA9C49F1FAB7DC659 |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Presidential Authority to Permit Access to National Security Information 05/17/2017 It appears more likely than not that the President is presumed to have the authority to disclose classified information to foreign agents in keeping with his power and responsibility to advance U.S. national security interests. As President Trump recently asserted, his authority ...
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| Date May 16, 2017 |
Report No. R44746 |
Title
Background and Federal Efforts on Summer Youth Employment Adrienne L. Fernandes-Alcantara Specialist in Social Policy May 16, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44746 Background and Federal Efforts on Summer Youth Employment Summary Labor force activity for youth ages 16 to 24 has been in decline since the late 1990s. This trend has been consistent even during the summer ...
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| Date May 16, 2017 |
Report No. R41913 |
Title
Regulation of Debit Interchange Fees Updated May 16, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41913 Regulation of Debit Interchange Fees Summary The United States has seen continued growth of electronic card payments (and a simultaneous decrease in check payments). From 2009 through 2012, debit card transactions have outpaced other payment forms. When a consumer uses a ...
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| Date May 16, 2017 |
Report No. R43844 |
Title
Air Traffic Inc.: Considerations Regarding the Corporatization of Air Traffic Control Updated May 16, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43844 Air Traffic Inc.: Considerations Regarding the Corporatization of Air Traffic Control Summary Over the past 40 years, Congress has intermittently considered proposals to establish a government corporation or private entity ...
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| Date May 16, 2017 |
Report No. 97-780 |
Title
The Speaker of the House: House Officer, Party Leader, and Representative Updated May 16, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 97-780 The Speaker of the House: House Officer, Party Leader, and Representative Summary The Speaker of the House of Representatives is widely viewed as symbolizing the power and authority of the House. The Speaker s most prominent role is ...
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| Date May 16, 2017 |
Report No. IF10653 |
Title
May 16, 2017 Updated Common Rule: Research Using Stored Biospecimens On January 19, 2017, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and 15 other federal departments and agencies jointly published a final rule to amend the uniform set of regulations known as the Common Rule that govern the ethical conduct of research supported by these agencies involving humans (82 Federal Register 7149). ...
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| Date May 16, 2017 |
Report No. IF10654 |
Title
May 16, 2017 Challenges in Cybersecurity Education and Workforce Development Introduction Increasing awareness of cyberattacks and the increasing connectedness of cyber and cyberphysical systems have led to concerns about whether U.S. homes, businesses, and government are prepared to secure themselves in a digitally integrated world. One of the most frequently raised concerns pertains to the ...
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| Date May 15, 2017 |
Report No. R44526 |
Title
Judiciary Appropriations, FY2017 Updated May 15, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44526 Judiciary Appropriations, FY2017 Summary Funds for the judicial branch are included annually in the Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) Appropriations bill. The bill provides funding for the Supreme Court; the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; the ...
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| Date May 15, 2017 |
Report No. RL32611 |
Title
The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections Updated May 15, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32611 The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections Summary When Americans vote for a President and Vice President, they are actually choosing presidential electors, known collectively as the electoral college. ...
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| Date May 15, 2017 |
Report No. IF10041 |
Title
Updated May 15, 2017 Reductions to Mandatory Agricultural Conservation Programs in Appropriations Law Federal spending for agricultural conservation programs which assist agricultural producers with correcting and preventing natural resource concerns generally takes two forms: (1) discretionary spending provided through annual appropriations acts and (2) mandatory spending authorized and paid for ...
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| Date May 12, 2017 |
Report No. RL34097 |
Title
Congress s Contempt Power and the Enforcement of Congressional Subpoenas: Law, History, Practice, and Procedure Todd Garvey Legislative Attorney May 12, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL34097 Congress s Contempt Power and the Enforcement of Congressional Subpoenas Summary Congress s contempt power is the means by which Congress responds to certain acts that in its view ...
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| Date May 12, 2017 |
Report No. IF10650 |
Title
May 12, 2017 Understanding Process Labels and Certification for Foods Over the years, Congress has taken an active role on issues related to the labeling and certification of food products. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are responsible for administering and enforcing such claims. FDA and USDA are the primary federal authorities responsible for ...
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| Date May 12, 2017 |
Report No. IF10651 |
Title
May 12, 2017 The Federal Bureau of Investigation: Just the Facts The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has more than 36,000 employees and describes itself as an intelligencedriven, threat-focused national security organization. It is a part of the Department of Justice and the Director of the FBI reports to the U.S. Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. Broad changes to ...
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| Date May 12, 2017 |
Report No. IF10560 |
Title
Updated May 12, 2017 The Changing Geopolitics of Asia: Issues for Congress Introduction The 115th Congress has the opportunity to shape the Executive Branch s approach to foreign and security policy, including toward Asia, where shifting geopolitics are posing new challenges for U.S. policy. China is expanding its presence in its near seas, including the East China Sea and the South China Sea, as ...
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| Date May 11, 2017 |
Report No. R44847 |
Title
Selected Homeland Security Issues in the 115th Congress Updated May 11, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44847 Selected Homeland Security Issues in the 115th Congress Summary In 2001, in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11th, homeland security went from being a concept discussed among a relatively small cadre of policymakers and strategic thinkers ...
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| Date May 11, 2017 |
Report No. R44441 |
Title
FY2017 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief Updated May 11, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44441 FY2017 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief Summary The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), except for the Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ...
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| Date May 11, 2017 |
Report No. R44100 |
Title
Use of the Annual Appropriations Process to Block Implementation of the Affordable Care Act (FY2011-FY2017) C. Stephen Redhead Specialist in Health Policy Ada S. Cornell Senior Research Librarian May 11, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44100 ACA Provisions in Annual Appropriations Acts (FY2011-FY2017) Summary Congress is deeply divided over implementation of the Affordable ...
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| Date May 11, 2017 |
Report No. R44845 |
Title
Administration of the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program Alexandra Hegji Analyst in Social Policy May 11, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44845 Administration of the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program Summary The William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) program, authorized under Title IV, Part D of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA), is the ...
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| Date May 11, 2017 |
Report No. R44813 |
Title
Cost-Benefit Analysis and Financial Regulator Rulemaking David W. Perkins Analyst in Macroeconomic Policy Maeve P. Carey Specialist in Government Organization and Management May 11, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44813 Cost-Benefit Analysis and Financial Regulator Rulemaking Summary Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in the federal rulemaking process is the systematic examination ...
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| Date May 11, 2017 |
Report No. IF10649 |
Title
Updated May 11, 2017 Telehealth and Medicare Introduction renal disease); Part C (managed care); and Part D (prescription drugs). Telehealth is a multidimensional set of health care services delivered via a range of telecommunications technologies, including the Internet, video, and telephone, according to the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC). Access to telehealth services involves a ...
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| Date May 11, 2017 |
Report No. SPECIAL |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Special Counsels, Independent Counsels, and Special Prosecutors: Investigations of the Executive Branch by the Executive Branch 05/11/2017 Under constitutional principles and authorities, Congress has no direct role in federal law enforcement and is limited in its ability to initiate appointments of any prosecutor for any particular matter in which there may be ...
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| Date May 11, 2017 |
Report No. IN10645 |
Title
In 2016, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) promulgated separate regulations intended to control "methane emissions" at crude oil and natural gas production facilities. Some stakeholders have argued that the EPA and BLM rules are duplicative and outside of the agencies' statutory authorities. The BLM rule was eligible for consideration under the ...
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| Date May 10, 2017 |
Report No. PROBLEMS |
Title
CRS Webinar - Understanding Constituent Problems with the Military Lawrence Kapp, Specialist in Military Manpower Policy Chuck Mason, Legislative Attorney May 10, 2017 Joining the Military (Recruiting) Key Qualifications Age Citizenship Education Aptitude Medical Physical Fitness Dependency Character/Conduct Drugs/Alcohol See Department of Defense Instruction 1304.26, Qualification Standards for ...
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| Date May 10, 2017 |
Report No. ZZZ280092B983EA2F36 |
Title
CRS Webinar - Understanding Constituent Problems with the Military Lawrence Kapp, Specialist in Military Manpower Policy Chuck Mason, Legislative Attorney May 10, 2017 Joining the Military (Recruiting) Key Qualifications Age Citizenship Education Aptitude Medical Physical Fitness Dependency Character/Conduct Drugs/Alcohol See Department of Defense Instruction 1304.26, Qualification Standards for ...
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| Date May 10, 2017 |
Report No. R44385 |
Title
Zika Virus: CRS Experts Sarah A. Lister Specialist in Public Health and Epidemiology May 10, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44385 Zika Virus: CRS Experts T he following table provides names and contact information for CRS experts on policy concerns relating to the global spread of the Zika virus. Policy areas include the following: health system preparedness and response ( ...
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| Date May 10, 2017 |
Report No. REMOVAL |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar The Removal of FBI Director James Comey: Presidential Authority and the Senate s Role in the Appointment of the FBI Director 05/10/2017 On May 9, 2017, President Trump removed the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), James Comey, from office. Comey had served as Director since September 2013. A 1976 federal law provides that the FBI Director ...
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| Date May 10, 2017 |
Report No. IN10700 |
Title
On May 1, Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue announced that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) plans to make changes to nutrition standards for the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program; he also signed a proclamation to this effect. The proclamation describes plans to relax whole grain, sodium, and milk requirements but does not mention changes to other aspects of ...
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| Date May 5, 2017 |
Report No. R44840 |
Title
Cost and Benefit Considerations in Clean Air Act Regulations Updated May 5, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44840 Cost and Benefit Considerations in Clean Air Act Regulations Summary The Clean Air Act (CAA) gives the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) broad authority to set ambient air quality standards to protect public health and welfare. It authorizes ...
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| Date May 5, 2017 |
Report No. R44501 |
Title
Terrorism in Southeast Asia Updated May 5, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44501 Terrorism in Southeast Asia Summary Southeast Asia is home to more than 625 million people and around 15% of the world s Muslim population. The region has faced the threat of terrorism for decades, but threats in Southeast Asia have never been considered as great as threats in some ...
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| Date May 5, 2017 |
Report No. R44755 |
Title
The Meaning of Made in U.S.A. Updated May 5, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44755 The Meaning of Made in U.S.A. Summary Numerous provisions in federal law are intended to support manufacturing in the United States. Almost without exception, these provisions define manufacturing as the process of physically transforming goods. Physical transformation involves ...
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| Date May 5, 2017 |
Report No. IN10698 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Review of Offshore Energy Leasing: President Trump's Executive Order May 5, 2017 (IN10698) | Related Author Laura B. Comay | Laura B. Comay, Analyst in Natural Resources Policy (lcomay@crs.loc.gov, 7-6036) On April 28, 2017, President Trump issued an executive order (E.O.) on U.S. offshore energy strategy. The E.O. declares a policy goal of fostering U.S. energy leadership and energy ...
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| Date May 5, 2017 |
Report No. IN10701 |
Title
Introduction Yellow fever is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes endemic in 47 countries across sub-Saharan Africa and South America (see Figure 1). Roughly 90% of annual yellow fever cases typically occur in sub-Saharan Africa. An ongoing yellow fever outbreak in Brazil and the re-emergence of the disease across South America is the latest event highlighting the global threat of emerging ...
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| Date May 3, 2017 |
Report No. R44834 |
Title
The U.S. Tsunami Program Reauthorization in P.L. 115-25: Section-by-Section Comparison to P.L. 109-479, Title VIII Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy May 3, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44834 U.S. Tsunami Program Reauthorization in P.L. 115-25 Summary The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration s (NOAA s) National Weather Service (NWS) ...
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| Date May 2, 2017 |
Report No. R44831 |
Title
Revitalizing Coastal Shipping for Domestic Commerce John Frittelli Specialist in Transportation Policy May 2, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44831 Revitalizing Coastal Shipping for Domestic Commerce Summary In recent years, domestic shipborne commerce has lost much of its market to other modes. Although potential shipping routes run parallel to congested truck, railroad, ...
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| Date May 2, 2017 |
Report No. IN10697 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Trade Implications of the President's Buy American Executive Order May 2, 2017 (IN10697) | Related Authors Rachel F. Fefer Ian F. Fergusson | Rachel F. Fefer, Analyst in International Trade and Finance (rfefer@crs.loc.gov, 7-1804) Ian F. Fergusson, Specialist in International Trade and Finance (ifergusson@crs.loc.gov, 7-4997) With the April 18, 2017, issuance of President Trump's ...
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| Date May 2, 2017 |
Report No. 98-241 |
Title
Committee Types and Roles Valerie Heitshusen Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process May 2, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov 98-241 Committee Types and Roles Structure of the Committee System Congress divides its legislative, oversight, and internal administrative tasks among more than 200 committees and subcommittees. Within assigned areas, these functional ...
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| Date May 1, 2017 |
Report No. R42460 |
Title
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Authorization, Operation, and Drawdown Policy Updated May 1, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42460 The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Authorization, Operation, and Drawdown Policy Summary Congress authorized the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) of 1975 to help prevent a repetition ...
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| Date May 1, 2017 |
Report No. R44829 |
Title
Patent Boxes: A Primer Gary Guenther Analyst in Public Finance May 1, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44829 Patent Boxes: A Primer Summary Economists generally agree that government support for private investment in research and development (R&D) is useful in correcting a market failure that predisposes most companies to invest less for that purpose than the overall ...
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| Date May 1, 2017 |
Report No. IN10696 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Executive Order for Review of National Monuments May 1, 2017 (IN10696) | Related Authors Carol Hardy Vincent Laura A. Hanson | Carol Hardy Vincent, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy (chvincent@crs.loc.gov, 7-8651) Laura A. Hanson, Senior Research Librarian (lhanson@crs.loc.gov, 7-7072) The Antiquities Act of 1906 authorizes the President to proclaim national monuments on federal ...
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| Date May 1, 2017 |
Report No. LSB10083 |
Title
Legal Sidebari UPDATE: A Steely Look at Steel: Commerce Directed to Prioritize Investigation of the Effects of Steel Imports on National Security Updated May 1, 2017 UPDATE: On April 27, 2017, President Trump issued a nearly-identical Presidential Memorandum directing the Secretary to also prioritize investigating the effects of aluminum imports on national security pursuant to Section 232(b). The ...
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| Date April 28, 2017 |
Report No. R43993 |
Title
Unemployment Insurance: Legislative Issues in the 114th Congress Julie M. Whittaker Specialist in Income Security Katelin P. Isaacs Analyst in Income Security April 28, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43993 Unemployment Insurance: Legislative Issues in the 114th Congress Summary The 114th Congress considered many issues related to unemployment insurance (UI) programs: ...
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| Date April 28, 2017 |
Report No. R44365 |
Title
CongressionaI Research Service What Does the Gig Economy Mean for Workers? Sarah A. Donovan Analyst in Labor Policy David H. Bradley Specialist in Labor Economics Jon O. Shimabukuro Legislative Attorney April 28, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44365 Summary The gig economy is the collection of markets that match providers to consumers on a gig (or job) basis in support of ...
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| Date April 28, 2017 |
Report No. SOFTWOOD |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Softwood Lumber Dispute Lumbers On: Preliminary Countervailing Duties on Canadian Softwood Lumber Announced (Part I) 04/28/2017 According to various news reports, on April 24, 2017, President Trump announced that the Administration would be putting a 20% . . . tariff on softwood coming into the United States from Canada. The U.S. Department of Commerce ( ...
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| Date April 28, 2017 |
Report No. R44815 |
Title
France s 2017 Presidential Election: In Brief Paul Belkin Analyst in European Affairs April 28, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44815 France s 2017 Presidential Election: In Brief Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 1 The First-Round Election: Results and ...
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| Date April 27, 2017 |
Report No. RENEGO |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): What Actions Do Not Require Congressional Approval? 04/27/2017 On April 26, news outlets reported that the Trump administration was drafting an executive order addressing the potential withdrawal by the United States from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) among the United States, ...
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| Date April 27, 2017 |
Report No. IF10642 |
Title
April 27, 2017 Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Yellow Fever in South America Introduction Since 1980, emerging infectious diseases (EID) have resulted in more frequent outbreaks that are causing higher numbers of human infections. EID are either new diseases or existing ones that have emerged in new areas. In recent decades, new EID have included Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and HIV/ ...
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| Date April 27, 2017 |
Report No. ZZZ749D96AD39B249DB |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): What Actions Do Not Require Congressional Approval? 04/27/2017 On April 26, news outlets reported that the Trump administration was drafting an executive order addressing the potential withdrawal by the United States from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) among the United States, ...
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| Date April 27, 2017 |
Report No. IF10603 |
Title
Updated April 27, 2017 Infectious Diseases Outbreaks: Yellow Fever in Central Africa Introduction Since 1980, emerging infectious diseases (EID) have resulted in more frequent outbreaks that are causing higher numbers of human infections. EID are either new diseases or existing ones that have emerged in new areas. In recent decades, new EID have included Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) ...
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