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| Date Feb. 5, 2018 |
Report No. IN10854 |
Title
INSIGHTi New Nuclear Warheads: Legislative Provisions Updated February 5, 2018 The 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) identifies a plan to modify a small number of [submarinelaunched ballistic missile] warheads to provide a low-yield option so that the United States could respond promptly and penetrate an adversary s defenses after a nuclear attack. The NPR contends that this capability would ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2018 |
Report No. IN10855 |
Title
INSIGHTi The 2018 National Defense Strategy February 5, 2018 On January 19, 2018, Secretary of Defense Mattis released the unclassified summary of the Department of Defense s (DOD) first congressionally mandated National Defense Strategy (NDS). In addition to stating DOD s approach to contending with current and emerging national security challenges, the NDS is also intended to articulate the ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2018 |
Report No. R45349 |
Title
The 2018 National Defense Strategy: Fact Sheet name reacte Specialist in International Security February 5, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45349 The 2018 National Defense Strategy: Fact Sheet Contents Statutory Requirement ..................................................................................................................... 1 What the NDS Says ...
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| Date Feb. 5, 2018 |
Report No. R44272 |
Title
Nutrition Labeling of Restaurant Menu and Vending Machine Items Agata Dabrowska Analyst in Health Policy February 5, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44272 Nutrition Labeling of Restaurant Menu and Vending Machine Items Summary High rates of obesity and chronic diseases have prompted various federal, state, and local nutrition labeling initiatives. The 1990 Nutrition ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2018 |
Report No. RL34679 |
Title
House Committee Chairs: Considerations, Decisions, and Actions as One Congress Ends and a New Congress Begins Judy Schneider Specialist on the Congress Michael L. Koempel Senior Specialist in American National Government February 2, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL34679 House Committee Chairs: Considerations, Decisions, and Actions Summary A committee chair serves as the ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2018 |
Report No. IN10753 |
Title
Trespassing: The Leading Cause of RailRelated Fatalities Updated February 2, 2018 Train derailments or collisions are often well-publicized events and receive significant attention from policymakers seeking to reduce their reoccurrence. Less attention has been devoted to trespassing, although it is a much greater cause of rail-related fatalities than derailments and collisions combined. Since 2005 ...
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| Date Feb. 2, 2018 |
Report No. IF10819 |
Title
February 2, 2018 Domestic Solar Manufacturing and New U.S. Tariffs On January 23, 2018, President Trump signed a presidential proclamation imposing emergency tariff restrictions, known as safeguards, over the next four years on U.S. imports of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules. The proclamation also included an annual 2.5 gigawatt tarifffree quota for solar cells; however, ...
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| Date Feb. 1, 2018 |
Report No. R45091 |
Title
U.S. Security Assistance and Security Cooperation Programs: Overview of Funding Trends Susan B. Epstein, Coordinator Specialist in Foreign Policy Liana W. Rosen Specialist in International Crime and Narcotics February 1, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45091 U.S. Security Assistance and Security Cooperation Programs Summary Since FY2006, the United States government has ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2018 |
Report No. IN10851 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Balkans and Russia January 31, 2018 Following the end of the Balkan wars in the 1990s, periods of stability allowed several of the nations of Southeast Europe to pursue reforms, incorporate Western values, and join the European Union (EU) and NATO. Recently, however, the Western Balkans have experienced various degrees of political instability involving elements of nationalist ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2018 |
Report No. R45085 |
Title
FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: In Brief Shawn Reese Analyst in Emergency Management and Homeland Security Policy January 31, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45085 FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: In Brief Summary When the President declares a major disaster pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 93-288), the Federal ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2018 |
Report No. R44028 |
Title
The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) Program David Randall Peterman Analyst in Transportation Policy January 31, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44028 The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) Program Summary Congress created the Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) program to offer long-term, low-cost loans to ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10069 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Clean Water Rule Challenges Must Begin in Federal District Courts, Supreme Court Holds January 31, 2018 In National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) v. Department of Defense, the Supreme Court held that legal challenges to the 2015 Clean Water Rule issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) must be litigated in multiple federal district ...
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| Date Jan. 31, 2018 |
Report No. IF10556 |
Title
Updated January 31, 2018 Elementary and Secondary Education Act: Overview of Title I-A Academic Accountability Provisions The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was comprehensively reauthorized by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95) on December 10, 2015. The ESSA made numerous changes to the standards, assessments, and academic accountability requirements that pertain to ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2018 |
Report No. R45005 |
Title
Wildfire Management Funding: Background, Issues, and FY2018 Appropriations Katie Hoover Specialist in Natural Resources Policy January 30, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45005 Wildfire Management Funding: Background, Issues, and FY2018 Appropriations Summary The federal government s wildfire (or wildland fire) management responsibilities are fulfilled primarily by the ...
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| Date Jan. 30, 2018 |
Report No. IN10852 |
Title
INSIGHTi Gun Control: Concealed Carry Legislation in the 115th Congress January 30, 2018 On December 6, 2017, the House of Representatives passed the Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2017 (H.R. 38). The term concealed carry is commonly used to refer to state laws that allow an individual to carry a weapon generally a handgun on one s person in a concealed manner for the purposes of selfdefense ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2018 |
Report No. R42486 |
Title
Appropriations for the Bureau of Prisons (BOP): In Brief Updated January 29, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42486 Appropriations for the Bureau of Prisons (BOP): In Brief Summary The Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is the largest correctional agency in the country in terms of the number of prisoners under its jurisdiction. BOP must confine any offender convicted and ...
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| Date Jan. 29, 2018 |
Report No. IF10818 |
Title
January 29, 2018 Financial Reform: Savings Associations or Thrifts The degree to which the regulatory regime facing federal savings associations also called thrifts and banks should differ is a prominent policy issue in the 115th Congress. For example, S. 2155 and H.R. 10 propose to allow certain federal thrifts to effectively opt in to the national bank regulatory regime. This In Focus provides ...
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| Date Jan. 26, 2018 |
Report No. IN10850 |
Title
INSIGHTi Administration s Syria Policy Envisions Continued U.S. Presence January 26, 2018 On January 17, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson laid out the Trump Administration s policy for U.S. involvement in Syria. The Secretary s remarks built upon previous testimony by Acting Assistant Secretary David Satterfield and were further elaborated in a briefing by a senior State Department official. U.S. ...
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| Date Jan. 26, 2018 |
Report No. R45050 |
Title
Vessel Incidental Discharge Legislation in the 115th Congress: Background and Issues Laura Gatz Analyst in Environmental Policy January 26, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45050 Vessel Incidental Discharge Legislation in the 115th Congress: Background and Issues Summary Stakeholders broadly agree on the need to control vessel discharges particularly ballast water discharges ...
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| Date Jan. 26, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10065 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Shining a Light on the Solar Trade: Investigation Leads to Tariffs on Solar EnergyRelated Imports (Part I) Updated January 26, 2018 On January 23, 2018, President Trump proclaimed a four-year safeguard measure in the form of a tariffrate quota on imports of certain crystalline silicon photovoltaic ( CSPV ) products that enter the United States after midnight on February 7, 2018. (The ...
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| Date Jan. 26, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10066 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Shining a Light on the Solar Trade: Investigation Leads to Tariffs on Solar EnergyRelated Imports (Part II) Updated January 26, 2018 As discussed in Part I of this two-part Sidebar, on January 23, 2018, President Trump proclaimed a fouryear safeguard measure in the form of a tariff-rate quota on imports of certain crystalline silicon photovoltaic ( CSPV ) products that enter the ...
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| Date Jan. 26, 2018 |
Report No. IF10591 |
Title
Updated January 26, 2018 Taxes and Fees Enacted as Part of the Affordable Care Act Background and Provisions The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended by P.L. 111-152) contains a number of tax provisions that serve different purposes. Some of the more well-known provisions, such as the individual mandate and employer penalty, have revenue and budgetary effects ...
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| Date Jan. 26, 2018 |
Report No. IF10526 |
Title
Updated January 26, 2018 AT&T-Time Warner Merger Overview On October 22, 2016, AT&T Inc. and Time Warner Inc. announced that they had entered into an agreement under which AT&T will merge with Time Warner. As of September 30, 2017, the total transaction value was about $105.8 billion, including $84.5 billion for the purchase of Time Warner stock, and $21.3 billion for the assumption of Time Warner ...
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| Date Jan. 25, 2018 |
Report No. R44888 |
Title
Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2018 Updated January 25, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44888 Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2018 Summary President Trump s budget request for FY2018 includes $117.697 billion for research and development (R&D). This represents a $30.605 billion (20.6%) decrease from the FY2016 actual level of $148.302 ...
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| Date Jan. 25, 2018 |
Report No. IN10843 |
Title
2017 Disaster Supplemental Appropriations: Overview William L. Painter Specialist in Homeland Security and Appropriations January 25, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45084 2017 Disaster Supplemental Appropriations: Overview Summary According to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2017 was a historic year of weather and climate disasters for the ...
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| Date Jan. 25, 2018 |
Report No. R42770 |
Title
Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund: Programs and Policy Issues Sean Lowry Analyst in Public Finance January 25, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42770 Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund: Programs and Policy Issues Summary As communities face a variety of economic challenges, some are looking to local banks and financial ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2018 |
Report No. R44615 |
Title
EPA s Methane Regulations: Legal Overview Linda Tsang Legislative Attorney January 24, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44615 EPA s Methane Regulations: Legal Overview Summary On March 28, 2017, President Trump signed Executive Order 13783, directing federal agencies to review existing regulations and policies that potentially burden the development or use of domestically ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2018 |
Report No. R44896 |
Title
Economic Impact of Infrastructure Investment Jeffrey M. Stupak Analyst in Macroeconomic Policy January 24, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44896 Economic Impact of Infrastructure Investment Summary Infrastructure investment has received renewed interest as of late, with both President Trump and some Members of Congress discussing the benefits of such spending. ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2018 |
Report No. R45082 |
Title
Security of Air Cargo Shipments, Operations, and Facilities Bart Elias Specialist in Aviation Policy January 24, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45082 Security of Air Cargo Shipments, Operations, and Facilities Summary U.S. policies and strategies for protecting air cargo have focused on two main perceived threats: the in-flight detonation of explosives concealed in an air ...
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| Date Jan. 24, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10068 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Amateur Strip-Club Arrests: Probable Cause & Qualified Immunity January 24, 2018 The Supreme Court overturned a lower court decision that had found a lack of probable cause, and had denied police officers qualified immunity for arrest of participants in a late-night, strip-club-like party held in a vacant sparsely furnished house. The case, District of Columbia v. Wesby, began when ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2018 |
Report No. RL32872 |
Title
Community Services Block Grants (CSBG): Background and Funding Libby Perl Specialist in Housing Policy January 23, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32872 Community Services Block Grants (CSBG): Background and Funding Summary Community Services Block Grants (CSBG) provide federal funds to states, territories, and tribes for distribution to local agencies to support a wide ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2018 |
Report No. R45019 |
Title
21st Century Flood Reform Act (H.R. 2874): Reforming the National Flood Insurance Program Diane P. Horn Analyst in Flood Insurance and Emergency Management January 23, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45019 The National Flood Insurance Program and the 21st Century Flood Reform Act Summary The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was established by the National Flood ...
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| Date Jan. 23, 2018 |
Report No. R45081 |
Title
Banking Law: An Overview of Federal Preemption in the Dual Banking System Jay B. Sykes Legislative Attorney January 23, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45081 Federal Preemption and Banking Law Summary Banks play a critical role in the United States economy, channeling funds from savers to borrowers and thereby facilitating economic activity. To address the risks of bank ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2018 |
Report No. R45068 |
Title
Acquisition Reform in the FY2016-FY2018 National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs) Moshe Schwartz Specialist in Defense Acquisition Heidi M. Peters Analyst in Intelligence Policy January 19, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45068 Acquisition Reform in the FY2016-FY2018 National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs) Summary Congress has long been interested in defense ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2018 |
Report No. R43047 |
Title
Prevalence of Mental Illness in the United States: Data Sources and Estimates Erin Bagalman Analyst in Health Policy Ada S. Cornell Senior Research Librarian January 19, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43047 Prevalence of Mental Illness in the United States: Data Sources and Estimates Summary Determining how many people have a mental illness can be difficult, and prevalence ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2018 |
Report No. IF10815 |
Title
January 19, 2018 Disney-Fox Transaction On December 14, 2017, the Walt Disney Company (Disney) and 21st Century Fox Inc. (Fox) announced that they have entered into an agreement under which Disney will acquire Fox for $66.1 billion. The price includes $52.4 billion for Fox s stock and the assumption of $13.7 billion of debt. Prior to the transaction, Fox will spin off certain assets into a new ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10064 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Is Impossibility Preemption Impossible? Federal Drug Law and Preemption of State Tort Claims January 19, 2018 Federal preemption, which is grounded in the Constitution s Supremacy Clause, has long been one of the most important and heavily debated defenses for the manufacturers of drugs and medical devices against state tort lawsuits. In this vein, the question of when impossibility ...
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| Date Jan. 18, 2018 |
Report No. TE10023 |
Title
Statement of Nicole T. Carter Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Before Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on America s Water Resources Infrastructure: Approaches to Enhanced Project Delivery January 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10023 Congressional ...
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| Date Jan. 18, 2018 |
Report No. R45079 |
Title
The Marshall Plan: Design, Accomplishments, and Significance Curt Tarnoff Specialist in Foreign Affairs January 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45079 The Marshall Plan: Design, Accomplishments, and Historic Significance Summary The European Recovery Program (ERP), more commonly known as the Marshall Plan (the Plan), was a program of U.S. assistance to Europe during the ...
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| Date Jan. 18, 2018 |
Report No. IF10813 |
Title
January 18, 2018 Medical Product Innovation and Regulation: Benefits vs. Risks Prior to marketing in the United States, medical products are reviewed for safety and effectiveness by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Medical products regulated by FDA include prescription drugs, medical devices, and biologics. During the premarket review process, FDA balances the benefits that patients may ...
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| Date Jan. 18, 2018 |
Report No. IF10811 |
Title
January 18, 2018 Standards of Identity for Foods and Plant-Based Food Products Foods are often subject to federal regulations or established standards regarding how they are formulated or ingredients they may contain. Given this regulatory framework, as the market for plant-based meat and milk alternatives has increased in recent years, so too have conflicts over the shared use of terms used to ...
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| Date Jan. 18, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10062 |
Title
Legal Sidebari NLRB Rejects Former Standards Following Appointment of New Members January 18, 2018 With two new members appointed by President Trump, a newly constituted National Labor Relations Board (NLRB or Board) issued a series of significant decisions in the waning days of 2017. These decisions overturned several rulings issued during the Obama Administration that were heavily criticized by ...
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| Date Jan. 18, 2018 |
Report No. IF10812 |
Title
January 18, 2018 Financial Reform: Custody Banks and the Supplementary Leverage Ratio What Do Custody Banks Do? Custody banks engage in the safekeeping and servicing of assets owned by others. Custody banks may also perform services such as the settlement, holding, and reporting of customers marketable securities and cash. Customers are often asset managers, mutual funds, retirement plans, ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2018 |
Report No. R44989 |
Title
Comparison of the Bills to Extend State Children s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Funding Alison Mitchell, Coordinator Specialist in Health Care Financing Evelyne P. Baumrucker Specialist in Health Care Financing Agata Dabrowska Analyst in Health Policy Patricia A. Davis Specialist in Health Care Financing Susannah V. Gopalan Analyst in Health Care Financing Amanda K. Sarata Specialist in Health ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2018 |
Report No. IF10816 |
Title
January 17, 2018 Emergency Alerting False Alarm in Hawaii Background Timeline On Saturday, January 13, 2018, at 8:07 a.m., an emergency alert was issued by Hawaii s Emergency Management Agency (HI-EMA) warning residents and visitors in Hawaii of an incoming ballistic missile. The message was sent by HI-EMA through the state s emergency alert system which distributed it to radio and television ...
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| Date Jan. 17, 2018 |
Report No. IF10807 |
Title
January 17, 2018 Financial Reform: Bank Supervision Reforms to the bank supervision framework have been proposed as part of the broader financial reform debate, including in H.R. 10, which passed the House on June 8, 2017, and S. 2155, which was reported by committee on December 18, 2017. Figure 1. The Bank Examination Cycle Background Bank regulation has three distinct components: rulemaking (the ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2018 |
Report No. IN10849 |
Title
INSIGHTi What Share of Taxpayers Would See a Tax Decrease or a Tax Increase Under the 2017 Tax Revision, P.L. 115-97? January 16, 2018 An analysis of the major provisions of the 2017 tax revision, P.L. 115-97, by the Tax Policy Center (TPC) indicates that the legislation would result in some taxpayers paying more in taxes, some paying less in taxes, and some seeing little or no change in their tax ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2018 |
Report No. R44476 |
Title
Respirable Crystalline Silica in the Workplace: New Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards Scott D. Szymendera Analyst in Disability Policy January 16, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44476 Respirable Crystalline Silica in the Workplace: New OSHA Standards Summary On March 25, 2016, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of the ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10059 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Marbury v. Madison Returns! The Supreme Court Considers the Scope of Judicial Power January 16, 2018 Every first-year law student learns about Marbury v. Madison. In the landmark 1803 opinion by Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme Court established the basis for judicial review and set out the limitations of its own jurisdiction, forming the foundation for the Court s role in ...
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| Date Jan. 16, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10060 |
Title
Legal Sidebari House Judiciary to Mark Up H.R. 4170, the Disclosing Foreign Influence Act January 16, 2018 The House Judiciary Committee has announced that it will hold a full committee markup hearing on Wednesday, January 17 for H.R. 4170, the Disclosing Foreign Influence Act (DFIA). The bill, which has a companion measure in the Senate (S. 2039), would amend the Foreign Agents Registration Act ...
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