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| Date May 2, 2018 |
Report No. R45189 |
Title
U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations During President Trump s First Year in Office: Comparative Analysis with Recent Presidents Barry J. McMillion Analyst in American National Government May 2, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45189 U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations During President Trump s First Year in Office Summary This report, in light of continued ...
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| Date May 2, 2018 |
Report No. IF10780 |
Title
Updated May 2, 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Programs Without Baseline Beyond FY2018 The 2014 farm bill (the Agricultural Act of 2014, P.L. 11379) authorized $489 billion of mandatory spending over FY2014-FY2018. It generally expires at the end of FY2018. From a budgetary perspective, many of these programs are assumed to continue beyond their authorization. That is, they have a baseline beyond the end ...
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| Date May 2, 2018 |
Report No. R44938 |
Title
FY2018 Appropriations for the Department of Justice Nathan James Analyst in Crime Policy May 2, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44938 FY2018 Appropriations for the Department of Justice Summary The Department of Justice (DOJ) was established in 1870 with the Attorney General as its leader. Since its creation, DOJ has added additional agencies, offices, boards, and divisions ...
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| Date May 2, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10125 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Law Enforcement Access to Overseas Data Under the CLOUD Act May 2, 2018 Law enforcement officials in the United States and abroad frequently seek access to electronic communications, such as emails and social media posts, stored on servers and in data centers in foreign countries. Because the architecture of the internet allows technology companies to store data at a great distance ...
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| Date May 2, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10124 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Travel Ban Case and Nationwide Injunctions May 2, 2018 On Wednesday, April 25, 2018, the Supreme Court heard oral argument in the travel ban case, Trump v. Hawaii. While the case presents many significant issues, one that has received relatively less attention, but extends beyond the immigration context, is the cert petition s third question: Whether the global injunction [ ...
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| Date May 2, 2018 |
Report No. IN10895 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Electric Reliability and Power System Resilience May 2, 2018 (IN10895) | Related Author Richard J. Campbell | Richard J. Campbell, Specialist in Energy Policy (rcampbell@crs.loc.gov, 7-7905) Electricity is vital to the commerce and daily functioning of the United States. Nowhere has this been demonstrated more significantly than in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands where the ...
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| Date May 2, 2018 |
Report No. RL45190 |
Title
From Slip Law to United States Code: A Guide to Federal Statutes for Congressional Staff Eva M. Tarnay Law Librarian May 2, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45190 From Slip Law to U.S. Code: A Guide to Federal Statutes for Congressional Staff Summary This report provides an overview of federal statutes in their various forms, as well as basic guidance for congressional staff ...
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| Date May 1, 2018 |
Report No. R44877 |
Title
Overview of FY2018 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) Nathan James Analyst in Crime Policy May 1, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44877 Overview of FY2018 Appropriations for CJS Summary This report describes actions taken by the Administration and Congress to provide FY2018 appropriations for the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related ...
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| Date May 1, 2018 |
Report No. RL31025 |
Title
Fatherhood Initiatives: Connecting Fathers to Their Children Jessica Tollestrup Specialist in Social Policy May 1, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL31025 Fatherhood Initiatives: Connecting Fathers to Their Children Summary Longstanding research indicates that children raised in one-parent homes are more likely than children raised in homes with both biological parents to do ...
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| Date April 30, 2018 |
Report No. R45182 |
Title
Unemployment and Employment Programs Available to Workers Affected by Disasters Benjamin Collins, Coordinator Analyst in Labor Policy David H. Bradley Specialist in Labor Economics Katelin P. Isaacs Specialist in Income Security Julie M. Whittaker Specialist in Income Security April 30, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45182 Unemployment and Employment Programs Available to ...
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| Date April 30, 2018 |
Report No. IN10893 |
Title
INSIGHTi Establishment of Task Force on the U.S. Postal Service April 30, 2018 On April 12, 2018, President Donald Trump established a task force on the U.S. Postal Service via Executive Order (EO) 13829. Under the EO, the task force must evaluate and provide a report on the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. the expansion and pricing of package delivery services; letter mail volume decline; the definition ...
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| Date April 30, 2018 |
Report No. R45161 |
Title
Abortion At or Over 20 Weeks Gestation: Frequently Asked Questions Matthew B. Barry, Coordinator Section Research Manager April 30, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45161 Abortion At or Over 20 Weeks Gestation: Frequently Asked Questions Summary Legislation at the federal and state levels seeking to limit or ban abortions in midpregnancy has focused attention on the ...
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| Date April 30, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10123 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Third Circuit Invalidates De Facto Life Sentences for Non-Incorrigible Juvenile Offenders April 30, 2018 Since the Supreme Court has held that the Eighth Amendment constrains the ability to impose sentences involving lifetime imprisonment on juvenile offenders, state and federal courts have grappled with the scope and applicability of these limitations. This issue frequently has ...
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| Date April 27, 2018 |
Report No. R45179 |
Title
The First Responder Network (FirstNet) and Next-Generation Communications for Public Safety: Issues for Congress Jill C. Gallagher Analyst in Telecommunications Policy April 27, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45179 The First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet) and Next-Generation Communications Summary During the events of September 11, 2001 (9/11), first responders ...
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| Date April 26, 2018 |
Report No. IN10891 |
Title
INSIGHTi White House Directs EPA to Review Air Quality Standards and Permitting Process April 26, 2018 A new White House memorandum directs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to review and streamline Clean Air Act implementation. Its stated aims are to protect air quality while reducing unnecessary impediments to new manufacturing and business expansion. Since 2011, congressional ...
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| Date April 26, 2018 |
Report No. IN10892 |
Title
INSIGHTi OPEC and Non-OPEC Crude Oil Production Agreement: Compliance Status April 26, 2018 On November 30, 2016 in an effort to stabilize declining oil prices the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) announced an agreement whereby 11 of the then-active 13 members would reduce crude oil production by approximately 1.2 million barrels per day (bpd) for 6 months starting January ...
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| Date April 26, 2018 |
Report No. IF10783 |
Title
Updated April 26, 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Budget Issues Farm Bills from a Budget Perspective Congress may soon consider a new farm bill, because the 2014 farm bill (P.L. 113-79) generally expires in FY2018. From a budgetary perspective, many programs are assumed to continue beyond the end of the farm bill, and that provides funding for reauthorization, reallocation to other programs, or offsets for ...
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| Date April 26, 2018 |
Report No. IF10187 |
Title
Updated April 26, 2018 Farm Bill Primer: What Is the Farm Bill? The farm bill is an omnibus, multi-year law that governs an array of agricultural and food programs. It provides an opportunity for policymakers to comprehensively and periodically address agricultural and food issues. The farm bill is typically renewed about every five years. Seventeen farm bills have been enacted since the 1930s ( ...
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| Date April 26, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10057 |
Title
Legal Sidebari District Court Enjoins DACA Phase-Out: Explanation and Takeaways Updated April 26, 2018 Update 2: On April 24, 2018, a federal district court in the District of Columbia held that the rescission of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals initiative (DACA) violates the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). The decision, NAACP v. Trump, grants permanent relief that differs from the ...
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| Date April 25, 2018 |
Report No. R45206 |
Title
U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues Updated April 25, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45206 U.S. Funding to the United Nations System: Overview and Selected Policy Issues Summary Members of Congress are responsible for authorizing and appropriating U.S. funding to the United Nations (U.N.) system. Over the years, ...
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| Date April 24, 2018 |
Report No. R45177 |
Title
Transatlantic Perspectives on Defense Innovation: Issues for Congress Lisa A. Aronsson Analyst in International Affairs April 24, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45177 NATO Defense Innovation: Transatlantic Perspectives and Issues for Congress Summary The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has a renewed focus on defense and deterrence in Europe. In the past, NATO ...
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| Date April 24, 2018 |
Report No. R44044 |
Title
U.S. Trade with Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Partners James K. Jackson Specialist in International Trade and Finance April 24, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44044 U.S. Trade with Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Partners Summary During the Obama Administration, the United States negotiated two mega-regional free trade agreements that its participants argued were comprehensive and ...
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| Date April 24, 2018 |
Report No. R45176 |
Title
Work Authorization for H-4 Spouses of H-1B Temporary Workers: Frequently Asked Questions Jill H. Wilson Analyst in Immigration Policy April 24, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45176 Work Authorization for H-4 Spouses of H-1B Temporary Workers: FAQ Summary H-4 nonimmigrant visas allow spouses and unmarried children (under 21 years of age) of H-1B temporary workers to join ...
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| Date April 24, 2018 |
Report No. R45174 |
Title
The Consumer Product Safety Act: A Legal Analysis David H. Carpenter Legislative Attorney April 24, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45174 The Consumer Product Safety Act: A Legal Analysis Summary The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC or Commission) was established in 1972 by the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA) to protect the public against unreasonable risks of ...
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| Date April 24, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10025 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Can Corporations be Held Liable under the Alien Tort Statute? Updated April 24, 2018 Update: In a 5-4 opinion written by Justice Kennedy, the Supreme Court held that foreign corporations (including Arab Bank) may not be defendants in suits brought under the Alien Tort Statute. A Sidebar discussing the ruling and an update to this broader report on the Alien Tort Statute are ...
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| Date April 24, 2018 |
Report No. IF10836 |
Title
Updated April 24, 2018 Department of Justice Support for School Safety Initiatives The February 14, 2018, shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, FL, and the March 20, 2018, shooting at Great Mills High School in Great Mills, MD, has generated renewed interest in federal government efforts to support school safety. This In Focus provides an overview of Department of Justice ( ...
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| Date April 23, 2018 |
Report No. R44933 |
Title
Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2018 Appropriations: Overview Baird Webel Specialist in Financial Economics April 23, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44933 Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2018 Appropriations: Overview Summary The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of ...
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| Date April 23, 2018 |
Report No. R45173 |
Title
Cross-Border Data Sharing Under the CLOUD Act Stephen P. Mulligan Legislative Attorney April 23, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45173 Cross-Border Data Sharing Under the CLOUD Act Summary Law enforcement officials in the United States and abroad increasingly seek access to electronic communications, such as emails and social media posts, stored on servers and in data ...
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| Date April 23, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10017 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Overview of Travel Ban Litigation and Recent Developments Updated April 23, 2018 This Sidebar provides an overview of the series of three executive actions (the first two taking the form of executive orders, and the third issued as a presidential proclamation) commonly referred to as the Travel Ban, which restrict the entry of specified categories of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) into ...
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| Date April 23, 2018 |
Report No. IN10888 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Australia, China, and the Indo-Pacific April 23, 2018 (IN10888) | Related Author Bruce Vaughn | Bruce Vaughn, Specialist in Asian Affairs (bvaughn@crs.loc.gov, 7-3144) Recent debate in Australia on regional strategic challenges has focused on China's rising influence, the durability of the U.S.-Australian alliance, and how Australia should respond and position itself relative to ...
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| Date April 23, 2018 |
Report No. R43873 |
Title
The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): Administrative and Compliance Challenges Margot L. Crandall-Hollick Specialist in Public Finance April 23, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43873 The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): Administrative and Compliance Challenges Summary The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a refundable tax credit available to eligible workers earning ...
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| Date April 20, 2018 |
Report No. R45194 |
Title
China-India Great Power Competition in the Indian Ocean Region: Issues for Congress Bruce Vaughn Specialist in Asian Affairs April 20, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45194 China-India Great Power Competition in the Indian Ocean Region: Issues for Congress Summary The Indian Ocean Region (IOR), a key geostrategic space linking the energy-rich nations of the Middle East with ...
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| Date April 20, 2018 |
Report No. R44546 |
Title
The Economic Effects of Trade: Overview and Policy Challenges James K. Jackson Specialist in International Trade and Finance April 20, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44546 The Economic Effects of Trade: Overview and Policy Challenges Summary During the Obama Administration, the United States negotiated two comprehensive and highstandard mega-regional free trade agreements: ...
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| Date April 20, 2018 |
Report No. R45170 |
Title
The Senate Two-Hour Rule Governing Committee Meeting Times Christopher M. Davis Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process Michael Greene Senior Research Librarian April 20, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45170 The Senate Two-Hour Rule Governing Committee Meeting Times Summary Paragraph 5(a) of Senate Rule XXVI, sometimes referred to as the two-hour rule, restricts ...
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| Date April 20, 2018 |
Report No. R43255 |
Title
The Mental Health Workforce: A Primer Elayne J. Heisler Specialist in Health Services April 20, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43255 The Mental Health Workforce: A Primer Summary Congress has held hearings and some Members have introduced legislation addressing the interrelated topics of the quality of mental health care, access to mental health care, and the cost of ...
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| Date April 20, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10061 |
Title
Legal Sidebari UPDATED: Supreme Court Agrees to Hear Constitutional Challenge to SEC Administrative Law Judges Victoria L. Killion Legislative Attorney April 20, 2018 UPDATE 4/20/2018: The Supreme Court will hear oral argument in Lucia v. SEC on Monday, April 23, 2018. The original post from January 16, 2018, follows below. On Friday, the Supreme Court granted certiorari in Lucia v. Securities and ...
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| Date April 20, 2018 |
Report No. IF10874 |
Title
April 20, 2018 DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability: Organization and FY2019 Budget Request Overview Executive Branch Actions The Department of Energy s (DOE s) Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) has the lead role in addressing electricity infrastructure issues. Working with the Department of Homeland Security, OE seeks to ensure security and ...
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| Date April 19, 2018 |
Report No. R45169 |
Title
A Peace Treaty with North Korea? Emma Chanlett-Avery Specialist in Asian Affairs Susan V. Lawrence Specialist in Asian Affairs Mark E. Manyin Specialist in Asian Affairs Mary Beth D. Nikitin Specialist in Nonproliferation April 19, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45169 A Peace Treaty with North Korea? Contents Overview ...
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| Date April 19, 2018 |
Report No. R45167 |
Title
France and U.S.-French Relations: In Brief Paul Belkin Analyst in European Affairs April 19, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45167 France and U.S.-French Relations: In Brief Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Domestic Political Situation ...
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| Date April 18, 2018 |
Report No. R44899 |
Title
Legislative Branch: FY2018 Appropriations Ida A. Brudnick Specialist on the Congress April 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44899 Legislative Branch: FY2018 Appropriations Summary The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); ...
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| Date April 18, 2018 |
Report No. IF10828 |
Title
Updated April 18, 2018 The International Space Station (ISS) and the Administration s Proposal to End Direct NASA Funding by 2025 Introduction The Trump Administration s FY2019 budget for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) proposes to end direct NASA funding of the International Space Station (ISS) by 2025. Budget documents state that industry could potentially continue to ...
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| Date April 18, 2018 |
Report No. IF10863 |
Title
Updated April 18, 2018 2018 Summit of the Americas Overview The eighth Summit of the Americas took place in Lima, Peru, on April 13-14, 2018. The Summits of the Americas have been held roughly every three years since 1994 and serve as opportunities for the Western Hemisphere s heads of government to engage directly with one another and address issues of mutual concern. Congress expressed ...
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| Date April 17, 2018 |
Report No. R45165 |
Title
U.S. Farm Commodity Support: An Overview of Selected Programs Sahar Angadjivand Analyst in Agricultural Policy April 17, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45165 U.S. Farm Commodity Support: An Overview of Selected Programs Summary Federal efforts to bolster farm household incomes and the rural economy by providing support to producers of key crops has been a central pillar of ...
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| Date April 17, 2018 |
Report No. IN10886 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Orderly Liquidation Authority: Reform Proposals April 17, 2018 The Orderly Liquidation Authority (OLA) was created by Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (P.L. 111-203; Dodd-Frank) to allow the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to resolve certain failing financial institutions whose collapse could threaten the stability of the financial ...
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| Date April 17, 2018 |
Report No. R44919 |
Title
Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2018: In Brief William L. Painter Specialist in Homeland Security and Appropriations April 17, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44919 Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2018: In Brief Contents Figures Figure 1. Department of Homeland Security Net Discretionary Budget Authority and BCA Adjustments in Annual Appropriations by Component, ...
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| Date April 17, 2018 |
Report No. R45166 |
Title
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2019 Budget Request Fact Sheet Maggie McCarty Specialist in Housing Policy April 17, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45166 HUD FY2019 Budget Request Fact Sheet Introduction This report provides a brief overview of the FY2019 budget request for the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), with links to relevant ...
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| Date April 17, 2018 |
Report No. IN10887 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Reinsurance, and Catastrophe Bonds April 17, 2018 (IN10887) | Related Authors Diane P. Horn Baird Webel | Diane P. Horn, Analyst in Flood Insurance and Emergency Management (dhorn@crs.loc.gov, 7-3472) Baird Webel, Specialist in Financial Economics (bwebel@crs.loc.gov, 7-0652) Insurance generally serves to transfer risk from one entity who ...
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| Date April 17, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10120 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Murderous Schemes Are Not Violent Crimes? April 17, 2018 The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (Fourth Circuit) recently held in U.S. v. McCollum that conspiracy to murder is not a violent crime for federal sentencing purposes. The comments of a concurring judge seem to capture the frustration of the panel with the result: The dissent ends with the lament, Heaven help us. ...
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| Date April 16, 2018 |
Report No. IN10883 |
Title
INSIGHTi OMB and Treasury Agree on Process for Issuing New Tax Rules Updated April 16, 2018 UPDATE: On April 12, 2018, the Department of the Treasury and the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) announced that they reached an agreement on the issue of OIRA review of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) rules. The two agencies signed a new ...
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| Date April 16, 2018 |
Report No. R45172 |
Title
U.S-Vietnam Economic and Trade Relations: Key Issues in 2018 Michael F. Martin Specialist in Asian Affairs April 16, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45172 U.S-Vietnam Economic and Trade Relations: Key Issues in 2018 Summary President Trump s decision in January 2017 to withdraw the United States from the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement removed a ...
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