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Report No.
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Title |
| Date July 5, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10165 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Questions Remain, Litigation Continues, over Military Service by Transgender Individuals July 5, 2018 At present, the ability of openly transgender individuals to enlist and serve in the military, and receive certain military-funded medical care, remains unclear. Four lawsuits challenging the President s August 25, 2017, memorandum concerning transgender individuals in the military ...
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| Date July 3, 2018 |
Report No. IN10925 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Broadband Data and Mapping July 3, 2018 (IN10925) | Related Author Lennard G. Kruger | Lennard G. Kruger, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy (lkruger@crs.loc.gov, 7-7070) Improving the quality of broadband deployment data has become an issue of congressional interest, as policymakers recognize that more accurate broadband availability maps could help ensure that federal ...
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| Date July 3, 2018 |
Report No. IN10924 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (FIRRMA) July 3, 2018 (IN10924) | Related Authors James K. Jackson Cathleen D. Cimino-Isaacs | James K. Jackson, Specialist in International Trade and Finance (jjackson@crs.loc.gov, 7-7751) Cathleen D. Cimino-Isaacs, Analyst in International Trade and Finance (cciminoisaacs@crs.loc.gov, 7-1173) Some Members of Congress, the Trump ...
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| Date July 2, 2018 |
Report No. R44010 |
Title
Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars (name redacted) Specialist in Defense Acquisition (name redacted) Specialist in Science and Technology Policy (name redacted) Analyst in Defense Policy and Trade July 2, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44010 .Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars Summary The Department of ...
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| Date July 2, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10164 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Partisan Gerrymandering: Supreme Court Provides Guidance on Standing and Maintains Legal Status Quo July 2, 2018 In a redistricting case that some predicted could have resulted in a blockbuster ruling, Gill v. Whitford, the Supreme Court issued a more limited, yet still consequential decision. On June 18, 2018 the Supreme Court ruled that in order to establish standing to sue upon a ...
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| Date July 2, 2018 |
Report No. IF10589 |
Title
Updated July 2, 2018 FY2019 Funding for CCS and Other DOE Fossil Energy R&D Carbon Capture and Sequestration Overview Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS, sometimes called carbon capture and storage) is a process that aims to capture man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) at its source and store it to prevent its release to the atmosphere. CCS could reduce the amount of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere from ...
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| Date July 2, 2018 |
Report No. IF10872 |
Title
Updated July 2, 2018 Federal Quantum Information Science: An Overview Combining elements of mathematics, computer science, engineering, and physical sciences, quantum information science (QIS) has the potential to provide capabilities far beyond what is possible with the most advanced technologies available today. This In Focus provides an overview of QIS technologies, including examples of their ...
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| Date June 29, 2018 |
Report No. R45197 |
Title
The House Agriculture Committee s 2018 Farm Bill (H.R. 2): A Side-by-Side Comparison with Current Law (name redacted), Coordinator Section Research Manager June 29, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45197 The House Agriculture Committee s 2018 Farm Bill (H.R. 2) Summary Congress sets national food and agriculture policy through periodic omnibus farm bills. The 115th Congress ...
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| Date June 29, 2018 |
Report No. IF10921 |
Title
June 29, 2018 FY2019 National Defense Authorization Act: An Overview of Senate Action The FY2019 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) approved by the Senate on June 18, 2018, would authorize discretionary appropriations totaling $708.4 billion for national defense-related activities of the Department of Defense (DOD) and other agencies. The bill (H.R. 5515) would authorize $16.3 billion (2.4 ...
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| Date June 29, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10161 |
Title
Legal Sidebari When Can You Be Convicted of a Crime That Is Not a Crime? June 29, 2018 A panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (Tenth Circuit) recently upheld the murder conviction of a defendant who the court conceded had been convicted of a crime that is not a crime. The case, United States v. Melgar-Cabrera, is the product of extradition and an underappreciated ...
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| Date June 28, 2018 |
Report No. R45243 |
Title
Trade Deficits and U.S. Trade Policy name redacted Specialist in International Trade and Finance June 28, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45243 Trade Deficits and U.S. Trade Policy Summary The economic effects of the U.S. trade deficit have been a topic of long-standing congressional interest. The U.S. Constitution grants authority to Congress to regulate commerce with ...
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| Date June 28, 2018 |
Report No. R45245 |
Title
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) FY2019 Budget Request and Funding History: Fact Sheet Elayne J. Heisler Specialist in Health Services June 28, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45245 HRSA FY2019 Budget Request and Funding History Summary The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) ...
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| Date June 28, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10159 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Justice Kennedy Retires: Initial Considerations for Congress June 28, 2018 On June 27, 2018, hours after the Supreme Court released its final opinions for the term, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, announced that, effective July 31, 2018, he would retire from active service as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. Nominated to replace Justice Lewis Powell in 1987, Justice Kennedy ...
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| Date June 28, 2018 |
Report No. IF10918 |
Title
June 28, 2018 Hospital Charity Care and Related Reporting Requirements Under Medicare and the Internal Revenue Code Charity care is commonly understood to be, generally, an unrecovered cost written off by providers that results from providing care to individuals who are uninsured or who are otherwise unable to pay for the health care services they receive. To help offset the costs of hospital- ...
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| Date June 27, 2018 |
Report No. R45241 |
Title
The Rule XIX Call to Order for Disorderly Language in Senate Debate name redacted Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process name redacted Senior Research Librarian June 27, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45241 The Rule XIX Call to Order for Disorderly Language in Senate Debate Summary The Senate has, from the 1st Congress (1789-1790), valued the importance of decorum ...
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| Date June 27, 2018 |
Report No. R45244 |
Title
Legislative Actions to Modify the Affordable Care Act in the 111th-115th Congresses Annie L. Mach Specialist in Health Care Financing Janet Kinzer Senior Research Librarian June 27, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45244 Legislative Actions to Modify the Affordable Care Act in the 111th-115th Congresses Summary The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111- ...
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| Date June 27, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10158 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Organizing Executive Branch Agencies: Who Makes the Call? June 27, 2018 In a series of executive orders, directives, and publicly released recommendations, the Trump Administration has proposed reorganizing the executive branch. The reorganization proposals range from restructuring entities within an existing agency, to moving entities from one existing agency to another, to ...
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| Date June 27, 2018 |
Report No. IN10922 |
Title
INSIGHTi TRICARE Modernization: Eligibility for the Federal Employee Dental and Vision Insurance Program name redacted Analyst in Defense Health Care Policy June 27, 2018 In an effort to improve TRICARE dental and vision coverage through enhanced benefits, in 2016 Congress expanded (P.L. 114-328) eligibility for the Federal Employees Dental and Vision Insurance Program (FEDVIP) to certain TRICARE ...
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| Date June 27, 2018 |
Report No. IF10917 |
Title
June 27, 2018 Tip Credit and Tip Pooling Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act Introduction The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), enacted in 1938 (P.L. 75-718), is the federal legislation that establishes the general minimum wage that must be paid to all covered workers. At present, the vast majority of workers are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA. These provisions have been ...
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| Date June 27, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10042 |
Title
Legal Sidebari UPDATE: Public Sector Union Dues: Grappling with Fixed Stars and Stare Decisis (Part I) Updated June 27, 2018 UPDATE: On June 27, 2018, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Janus v. AFSCME, Council 31. A Legal Sidebar on the Supreme Court's decision is available at this link. The Supreme Court long ago described the First Amendment s protection against compelled speech as a ...
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| Date June 26, 2018 |
Report No. IN10920 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Trump Administration s Reform Plan and Reorganization Recommendations name redacted Specialist in American National Government June 26, 2018 On June 21, 2018, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued Delivering Government Solutions in the 21st Century: Reform Plan and Reorganization Recommendations (the Reform Plan). The Reform Plan followed from Executive Order 13781, ...
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| Date June 26, 2018 |
Report No. IN10921 |
Title
INSIGHTi Proposed American Innovation $1 Coins name redacted Specialist on the Congress June 26, 2018 On June 20, 2018, the Senate passed an amended version of H.R. 770, the American Innovation $1 Coin Act. This bill would require the Secretary of the Treasury to mint new $1 coins in recognition of American innovation and significant innovation and pioneering efforts of individuals or groups from ...
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| Date June 26, 2018 |
Report No. IF10915 |
Title
June 26, 2018 T-Mobile Sprint Merger On April 29, 2018, T-Mobile US and Sprint Corporation announced a merger agreement that could change competitive conditions within the telecommunications industries. T-Mobile is valuing Sprint at approximately $59 billion. The companies compete directly with one another in the mobile wireless voice and data services sectors for both residential and business ...
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| Date June 26, 2018 |
Report No. IF10870 |
Title
Updated June 26, 2018 Psychiatric Institutionalization and Deinstitutionalization The history of mental health care in the United States can be understood as a period of institutionalization followed by one of deinstitutionalization. Federal law, however, has not been fully aligned toward either institutional care or community-based (i.e., noninstitutional) care. Institutionalization The early ...
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| Date June 26, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10157 |
Title
Legal Sidebari UPDATE: Supreme Court Takes Fourth Amendment Case about Cell Phone Location Data June 26, 2018 Update: On June 22, 2018, the Supreme Court held in a 5-to-4 decision in Carpenter v. United States that government acquisition of historical cell site location information (CSLI) constitutes a Fourth Amendment search. The Court further held that the government needs a warrant supported by ...
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| Date June 26, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10156 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Drives Home Its Concern for Privacy in Collins v. Virginia June 26, 2018 Facing a clash between two well-established Fourth Amendment doctrines the primacy of the home in Fourth Amendment case law versus the automobile exception to the Amendment s warrant requirement the Supreme Court in Collins v. Virginia ultimately came down on the side of protecting privacy within ...
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| Date June 25, 2018 |
Report No. IN10919 |
Title
INSIGHTi The G-7 Summit in Charlevoix, Canada: Changing U.S. Leadership in Global Forums ,name redacted, Specialist in International Trade and Finance June 25, 2018 Canada hosted the 44th annual Group of 7 (G-7) summit on June 8-9 in Charlevoix, Quebec. The G-7 is an informal group of seven of the world s largest advanced economies: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and ...
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| Date June 22, 2018 |
Report No. RL31865 |
Title
LIHEAP: Program and Funding name redacted Specialist in Housing Policy June 22, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL31865 LIHEAP: Program and Funding Summary The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), established in 1981 as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (P.L. 97-35), is a program through which the federal government makes annual grants to states, ...
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| Date June 22, 2018 |
Report No. R43242 |
Title
Debates over Exchange Rates: Overview and Issues for Congress ,name redacted, Specialist in International Trade and Finance June 22, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43242 Debates over Exchange Rates: Overview and Issues for Congress Summary Exchange rates are among the most important prices in the global economy. They affect the price of every country s imports and exports, ...
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| Date June 22, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10153 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Supreme Court Holds That SEC Administrative Law Judges Are Officers Subject to the Appointments Clause June 22, 2018 On June 21, 2018, the Supreme Court released its opinion in Lucia v. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), holding that SEC administrative law judges (ALJs) are Officers of the United States within the meaning of the Appointments Clause and, as such, must be ...
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| Date June 21, 2018 |
Report No. IF10648 |
Title
Updated June 21, 2018 Syria s Humanitarian and Protection Crisis: Current Status The humanitarian and protection needs of the Syrian population have increased in manifold ways since the start of the Syrian conflict in March 2011. Years of war have contributed to the vulnerability of millions of Syrians and led to an estimated 250,000 to 500,000 deaths since 2011. The majority of Syria s remaining ...
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| Date June 20, 2018 |
Report No. R45236 |
Title
Recent Violent Crime Trends in the United States Nathan James Analyst in Crime Policy June 20, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45236 Recent Violent Crime Trends in the United States Summary Media accounts of increasing violent crime rates, especially homicides, in some cities raise broad concerns about decreasing levels of public safety. This report provides an analysis of ...
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| Date June 20, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10152 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Military Enjoined from Transferring American ISIS Suspect to Foreign Country at Least for Now June 20, 2018 In Doe v. Mattis, a case with potential ramifications regarding the authority to conduct military operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (D.C. Circuit) upheld 2-1 the district court s injunctions ...
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| Date June 19, 2018 |
Report No. IF10911 |
Title
June 19, 2018 The Army s Modular Handgun Procurement The Army Modular Handgun System (MHS) is a weapon system produced by Sig Sauer that is to replace the Beretta M9/11 pistol, which has been used by the U.S. Army since 1986. The MHS will fire a 9mm bullet and comes in two sizes, full and compact. The Army is also procuring customized ammunition to increase accuracy and reliability over the life ...
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| Date June 18, 2018 |
Report No. R44931 |
Title
HUD FY2018 Appropriations: In Brief (name redacted) Specialist in Housing Policy June 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44931 HUD FY2018 Appropriations: In Brief Contents Status of Appropriations .................................................................................................................. 1 Housing Choice Voucher Renewal Funding ...
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| Date June 18, 2018 |
Report No. R44790 |
Title
Privacy Protections for Individuals with Substance Use Disorders: The Part 2 Final Rule in Brief (name redacted) Specialist in Health Policy (name redacted) Specialist in Health Policy June 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44790 Privacy Protections for Individuals with Substance Abuse Disorders: The Part 2 Final Rule Summary On January 18, 2017, the Secretary of Health ...
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| Date June 18, 2018 |
Report No. RS22858 |
Title
Renewable Energy R&D Funding History: A Comparison with Funding for Nuclear Energy, Fossil Energy, Energy Efficiency, and Electric Systems R&D ,name redacted, Analyst in Energy Policy June 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS22858 Renewable Energy R&D Funding History: A Comparison Summary Energy-related research and development (R&D) on coal-based synthetic petroleum and ...
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| Date June 18, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10151 |
Title
Legal Sidebari From Clamor to Calm: Restrictions on Speech at Polling Places June 18, 2018 The Supreme Court recently issued its decision in Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky, ruling on the constitutionality of a Minnesota statute that banned all political apparel from polling places. The Court acknowledged that courts should generally respect state laws that attempt to afford the voter the ...
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| Date June 14, 2018 |
Report No. IF10047 |
Title
Updated June 14, 2018 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Overview NAFTA is a free trade agreement (FTA) among the United States, Canada, and Mexico that entered into force on January 1, 1994 (P.L. 103-182). At the time it was negotiated, NAFTA was unusual because it was the first time that a U.S. FTA linked two advanced economies with a lower income country. For this reason, the agreement ...
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| Date June 14, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10149 |
Title
Legal Sidebari If You Rent a Car, Don t Move the Seat Back Updated June 14, 2018 The Supreme Court recently announced its decision in Byrd v. United States. There, Pennsylvania police had pulled Byrd over because he was driving with his hands at the 10 and 2 position on the steering wheel, sitting far back from the steering wheel, and driving a rental car. The case turned, however, not on whether ...
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| Date June 13, 2018 |
Report No. IN10915 |
Title
INSIGHTi U.S. Crude Oil Exports and Retail Gasoline Prices name redacted Specialist in Energy Policy name redacted Specialist in Energy Economics June 13, 2018 Since the beginning of 2018, average U.S. retail gasoline prices have risen approximately 18% and were nearly $3.00 per gallon at the end of May (see Figure 1). Over the same period, U.S. crude oil exports for which restrictions were ...
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| Date June 13, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10148 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Concerted Activities and the NLRA after Epic Systems June 13, 2018 The Supreme Court s recent decision in Epic Systems Corp. v. Lewis upheld the use of mandatory arbitration agreements limiting an employee s ability to participate in employment-related collective action (including class action lawsuits). (A related CRS Legal Sidebar on Epic Systems is available here.) Justice ...
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| Date June 13, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10095 |
Title
Legal Sidebari UPDATE: Class Actions are Back at the Supreme Court: Statutory Time Limits and Serial Relitigation of Class Certification Updated June 13, 2018 UPDATE: On June 11, 2018, the Supreme Court unanimously reversed the Ninth Circuit in China Agritech, Inc. v. Resh. In an opinion by Justice Ginsburg for eight of the Justices, the Court concluded that equitable tolling of statutes of ...
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| Date June 12, 2018 |
Report No. R45223 |
Title
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education: An Overview (name redacted) Analyst in Education Policy June 12, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45223 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education: An Overview Summary The term STEM education refers to teaching and learning in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and ...
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| Date June 12, 2018 |
Report No. IN10916 |
Title
INSIGHTi The June 12 Trump-Kim Jong-un Summit name reacte Specialist in Asian Affairs name reacte Specialist in Nonproliferation June 12, 2018 On June 12, 2018, President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un met in Singapore to discuss North Korea s nuclear program, building a peace regime on the Korean Peninsula, and the future of U.S. relations with North Korea (known officially as ...
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| Date June 12, 2018 |
Report No. R43108 |
Title
Financial Aid for Students: Online Resources ,name redacted, Research Librarian June 12, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43108 Financial Aid for Students: Online Resources Summary Congressional offices are frequently contacted by constituents who are researching how to pay for postsecondary education. This report identifies various online sources targeted to students and ...
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| Date June 12, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10138 |
Title
Legal Sidebari UPDATE: Extent of Habitat Protection Required for Indian Treaty Fishing Sites: Washington v. United States Updated June 12, 2018 UPDATE: On June 11, 2018, an evenly divided Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Ninth Circuit) in Washington v. United States, upholding a trial court decision and injunction finding Washington State in ...
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| Date June 11, 2018 |
Report No. IF10906 |
Title
June 11, 2018 CIA Ethics Education: Background and Perspectives Baseline Approaches to Ethics Education In the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), there are two distinct categories of ethics education: One applies to all government agencies and the other to the conduct of activities in the intelligence community specifically. The Ethics in Government Act (EIGA) (P.L. 95-521), enacted in 1978, ...
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| Date June 8, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10070 |
Title
Legal Sidebari UPDATE: Termination of Temporary Protected Status for Sudan, Nicaragua, Haiti, and El Salvador: Key Takeaways and Analysis Updated June 8, 2018 UPDATE: Following the publication of this Sidebar, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced the termination of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) designation for Nepal and Honduras. DHS had originally designated Nepal for TPS on ...
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| Date June 8, 2018 |
Report No. R45220 |
Title
The Federal Crime of Violence Definition: Overview and Judicial Developments Hillel R. Smith Legislative Attorney June 8, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45220 Tackling the Crime of Violence Definition Summary In an effort to deter violent crime, and to limit the broad discretion accorded to federal judges with respect to prison sentencing, Congress in 1984 passed ...
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