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| Date May 17, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10134 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Withdrawal from the Iran Nuclear Deal: Legal Authorities and Implications May 17, 2018 President Trump recently announced that the United States is withdrawing from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) related to Iran s nuclear program, which is often referred to as the Iran nuclear deal. The JCPOA identified a series of voluntary measures in which Iran agreed to impose ...
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| Date May 16, 2018 |
Report No. R44948 |
Title
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI): Eligibility, Benefits, and Financing William R. Morton Analyst in Income Security May 16, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44948 Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Summary The Social Security Administration (SSA) is responsible for administering ...
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| Date May 16, 2018 |
Report No. R45205 |
Title
Harry W. Colmery Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-48) Cassandria Dortch Specialist in Education Policy May 16, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45205 Harry W. Colmery Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-48) Summary Since the enactment of the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 (Post-9/11 GI Bill; P.L. 110-252), ...
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| Date May 16, 2018 |
Report No. IN10904 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Affordable Care Act (ACA): Notifying an Employer of a Potential Shared Responsibility Payment (ESRP) May 16, 2018 (IN10904) | Related Author Julie M. Whittaker | Julie M. Whittaker, Specialist in Income Security (jwhittaker@crs.loc.gov, 7-2587) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) requires that large employers either provide health coverage ...
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| Date May 16, 2018 |
Report No. IF10717 |
Title
Updated May 16, 2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FY2018 Appropriations: Congressional Action Enacted March 23, 2018, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY2018 (P.L. 115-141), Division G, provided funding for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, including a total of $8.82 billion for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Titles II and IV combined. After ...
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| Date May 16, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10133 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Supreme Court Bets Against Commandeering: Murphy v. NCAA, Sports Gambling, and Federalism May 16, 2018 The Supreme Court recently held in Murphy v. NCAA that a federal law prohibiting states from authorizing sports gambling unconstitutionally commandeered the authority of state legislatures. In an opinion authored by Justice Alito (and joined by six other justices in its central ...
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| Date May 16, 2018 |
Report No. IF10888 |
Title
May 16, 2018 Legislation to Lift the Investment Company Act Exemption for Funds Based in U.S. Territories Introduction Overseen by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Investment Company Act (ICA; P.L. 76-768) is the principal body of federal securities law regulating pooled investment entities that offer securities to the public known as investment companies (most commonly in the ...
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| Date May 15, 2018 |
Report No. IN10903 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT CRS Products on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) May 15, 2018 (IN10903) | Related Author M. Angeles Villarreal | M. Angeles Villarreal, Specialist in International Trade and Finance (avillarreal@crs.loc.gov, 70321) The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a free trade agreement among the United States, Canada, and Mexico that entered into force on January 1, ...
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| Date May 15, 2018 |
Report No. R45195 |
Title
Liberia: Political Transition and U.S. Relations Updated May 15, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45195 Liberia: Political Transition and U.S. Relations Summary Liberia, a small coastal West African country on the Gulf of Guinea, has made substantial development gains since the end of the second of two civil wars (1989-1997 and 1999-2003). In late 2017, Liberia ...
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| Date May 15, 2018 |
Report No. IF10689 |
Title
Updated May 15, 2018 Farm Bill Primer: Sugar Program Congress reauthorized the sugar program in the 2014 farm bill (P.L. 113-79) with no changes from the version it authorized in the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246), making it an anomaly among major commodity programs. The U.S. sugar program also stands out compared with other farm bill commodity programs in that it combines a price support feature ...
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| Date May 14, 2018 |
Report No. IN10833 |
Title
INSIGHTi Financial Regulation: The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (S. 2155) Updated May 14, 2018 The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (S. 2155) was passed by the Senate on March 14, 2018. The bill generally aims to provide regulatory relief to banks, relax mortgage lending rules, relax capital formation regulations, and provide ...
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| Date May 14, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10132 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Judicial Review of Rescissions and Deferrals Under the Impoundment Control Act May 14, 2018 On May 8, 2018, the Trump Administration proposed rescissions totaling approximately $15.4 billion of unobligated funds appropriated in prior fiscal years. The proposed rescissions target funds appropriated for a variety of federal activities, including, but not limited to, animal and plant ...
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| Date May 14, 2018 |
Report No. IN10901 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT FDA to Consider Whether and How to Lower Permissible Nicotine Levels in Cigarettes May 14, 2018 (IN10901) | Related Author Matthew B. Barry | Matthew B. Barry, Section Research Manager (mbarry@crs.loc.gov, 7-0556) On March 15, 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) entitled Tobacco Product Standard for Nicotine Level of ...
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| Date May 11, 2018 |
Report No. R44895 |
Title
Energy and Water Development: FY2018 Appropriations Updated May 11, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44895 Energy and Water Development: FY2018 Appropriations Summary The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill provides funding for civil works projects of the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps); the Department of the Interior s Bureau of Reclamation ( ...
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| Date May 11, 2018 |
Report No. IN10900 |
Title
INSIGHTi Lebanon s 2018 Elections May 11, 2018 On May 6, 2018, Lebanon held its first legislative elections in nine years. The results showed that parties allied with Hezbollah increased their share of seats from roughly 44% to 53%. However, as in past Lebanese governments, rival parliamentary blocs will likely need to reach consensus in order to secure the passage of major policy initiatives. The ...
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| Date May 10, 2018 |
Report No. RL34597 |
Title
The Enactment of Appropriations Measures During Lame Duck Sessions Updated May 10, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34597 The Enactment of Appropriations Measures During Lame Duck Sessions Summary Eleven of the past 12 Congresses, covering the 103rd Congress through the 114th Congress, have concluded with a lame duck session. (No such session occurred in 1996, ...
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| Date May 10, 2018 |
Report No. R45193 |
Title
Federal Crop Insurance: Program Overview for the 115th Congress Isabel Rosa Analyst in Agricultural Policy May 10, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45193 Federal Crop Insurance: Program Overview for the 115th Congress Summary Since its inception in 1938, the federal crop insurance program has evolved from an ancillary program with low participation to a central pillar of ...
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| Date May 10, 2018 |
Report No. R45039 |
Title
Defining Broadband: Minimum Threshold Speeds and Broadband Policy Lennard G. Kruger Specialist in Science and Technology Policy May 10, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45039 Defining Broadband: Minimum Threshold Speeds and Broadband Policy Summary Broadband whether delivered via fiber, cable modem, copper wire, satellite, or mobile wireless is increasingly the technology ...
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| Date May 10, 2018 |
Report No. IN10899 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Proposed CHIP Rescissions in the Trump Administration's Rescission Request May 10, 2018 (IN10899) | Related Author Alison Mitchell | Alison Mitchell, Specialist in Health Care Financing (amitchell@crs.loc.gov, 7-0152) On Tuesday, May 8, 2018, the Trump Administration submitted to Congress a proposal for 38 rescissions of budget authority, totaling $15.4 billion. In their transmission, ...
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| Date May 10, 2018 |
Report No. IF10753 |
Title
Updated May 10, 2018 ENERGY STAR Program Overview ENERGY STAR is an internationally recognized voluntary labeling program for energy-efficient products, homes, buildings, and manufacturing plants that is managed jointly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The intended purposes of the program are to reduce energy consumption; realize cost ...
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| Date May 9, 2018 |
Report No. R45192 |
Title
Oil and Gas Activities Within the National Wildlife Refuge System R. Eliot Crafton Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Laura B. Comay Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Marc Humphries Specialist in Energy Policy May 9, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45192 Oil and Gas Activities Within the National Wildlife Refuge System Summary Oil- and gas-related wells are documented ...
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| Date May 9, 2018 |
Report No. R45089 |
Title
U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2018 Appropriations Updated May 9, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45089 U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2018 Appropriations Summary The United States provides foreign assistance to the nations of Latin America and the Caribbean to support development and other U.S. ...
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| Date May 9, 2018 |
Report No. IN10896 |
Title
INSIGHTi Civic Upheaval in Armenia Updated May 9, 2018 After two weeks of political upheaval, Armenia has a new prime minister, Nikol Pashinian, a former opposition leader, parliamentary deputy, and journalist. Many observers believe this development has the potential to transform politics in Armenia, a small, landlocked Russian ally in the South Caucasus that also has enjoyed a history of U.S. ...
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| Date May 9, 2018 |
Report No. R44761 |
Title
U.S. Decision to Cease Implementing the Iran Nuclear Agreement Kenneth Katzman Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Paul K. Kerr Specialist in Nonproliferation Valerie Heitshusen Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process May 9, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44942 U.S. Decision to Cease Implementing the Iran Nuclear Agreement Summary On May 8, 2018, President ...
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| Date May 9, 2018 |
Report No. R44942 |
Title
U.S. Decision to Cease Implementing the Iran Nuclear Agreement Kenneth Katzman Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Paul K. Kerr Specialist in Nonproliferation Valerie Heitshusen Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process May 9, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44942 U.S. Decision to Cease Implementing the Iran Nuclear Agreement Summary On May 8, 2018, President ...
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| Date May 9, 2018 |
Report No. R42688 |
Title
Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy: CRS Experts May 9, 2018 (R42688) Science, technology, and innovation (STI) play important roles in the nation's economic and military strength, public health and safety, and the quality of our lives. Individuals, companies, governments, universities, and other organizations fund, conduct, disseminate, and acquire science and technology for a myriad of ...
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| Date May 9, 2018 |
Report No. IF10883 |
Title
May 9, 2018 Overview of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Infrastructure Programs and FY2018 Appropriations Financing and investing in the nation s drinking water and wastewater treatment systems has been an issue of increasing concern among stakeholders and many Members of Congress. Increased attention can be attributed to a combination of factors, including (1) the need to repair ...
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| Date May 9, 2018 |
Report No. IF10887 |
Title
May 9, 2018 The FY2019 Defense Budget Request: An Overview The President s FY2019 budget request includes $726.8 billion for national defense, a major function of the federal budget that includes funding primarily for Department of Defense (DOD) programs but also for defense-related activities administered by other federal agencies. National defense is one of 20 major functions used by the Office ...
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| Date May 9, 2018 |
Report No. IF10882 |
Title
May 9, 2018 Department of Homeland Security Resources for School Security and Safety Introduction Youth Preparedness Council: DHS, through the Congressional interest in K-12 public school security has increased following a number of recent school shootings. Even though public school security is primarily a state and local responsibility, several federal departments, agencies, and entities provide ...
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| Date May 8, 2018 |
Report No. R41983 |
Title
How FDA Approves Drugs and Regulates Their Safety and Effectiveness Updated May 8, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41983 How FDA Approves Drugs and Regulates Their Safety and Effectiveness Summary The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a regulatory agency within the Department of Health and Human Services, regulates the safety and effectiveness of drugs sold ...
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| Date May 8, 2018 |
Report No. IN10897 |
Title
INSIGHTi Is the U.S. Economy Growing Faster? Can It Grow Faster? May 8, 2018 The current economic expansion has been characterized by slower economic growth than the preceding 10 expansions. At 2.2%, average annual growth in this expansion has been slower than in the preceding 10 expansions (see Figure 1). President Trump has pledged to increase growth to 3%, an increase of 0.8 percentage points. ...
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| Date May 8, 2018 |
Report No. R44893 |
Title
FY2018 Appropriations for Department of Justice Grant Programs Nathan James Analyst in Crime Policy May 8, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44893 FY2018 Appropriations for Department of Justice Grant Programs Summary Each year, Congress and the Administration provide funding for a variety of grant programs through the Department of Justice (DOJ). These programs are used to ...
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| Date May 8, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10129 |
Title
Legal Sidebari United States Off the Hook for Vacated Terror Judgment against Libya May 8, 2018 Update: The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the decision below in Alimanestianu v. United States, disagreeing with plaintiffs that a 2015 Supreme Court case, Horne v. Department of Agriculture, required a different result. The plaintiffs argued that under Horne, the loss ...
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| Date May 7, 2018 |
Report No. IF10879 |
Title
May 7, 2018 The U.S. Geological Survey: FY2019 Appropriations and Background Background The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) aims to provide unbiased scientific information to describe and understand the geological processes of the Earth; minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance and protect the nation s quality of ...
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| Date May 4, 2018 |
Report No. R43888 |
Title
Cuba Sanctions: Legislative Restrictions Limiting the Normalization of Relations Updated May 4, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43888 Cuba Sanctions: Legislative Restrictions Limiting the Normalization of Relations Summary U.S. economic sanctions on Cuba date back to the early 1960s when the Cuban government under Fidel Castro began to build a repressive ...
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| Date May 4, 2018 |
Report No. R44293 |
Title
College and University Endowments: Overview and Tax Policy Options Molly F. Sherlock Specialist in Public Finance Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy Margot L. Crandall-Hollick Specialist in Public Finance Joseph S. Hughes Research Assistant May 4, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44293 College and University Endowments: Overview and Tax Policy Options ...
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| Date May 4, 2018 |
Report No. IN10894 |
Title
INSIGHTi Trump-Abe Meeting and Prospects for U.S.Japan Trade Talks May 4, 2018 Overview Since coming into office, the Trump Administration has expressed concerns about the U.S. trade deficit with Japan and an interest in talks on a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA), a move Japan has resisted. On April 17-18, 2018, President Trump and Prime Minister Abe held a summit to discuss U.S.-Japan ...
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| Date May 4, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10130 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Compelling Presidential Compliance with a Judicial Subpoena May 4, 2018 Special Counsel Robert Mueller reportedly warned President Trump s lawyers in a March meeting that if the President declined to participate in a voluntary interview, Mueller could issue a subpoena compelling the President s testimony before a grand jury. The alleged exchange raises the question of whether a ...
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| Date May 4, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10126 |
Title
Legal Sidebari DOJ Grant Conditions Targeting Sanctuary Jurisdictions: Litigation Update May 4, 2018 On April 19, 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (Seventh Circuit) upheld a nationwide preliminary injunction blocking the Department of Justice (DOJ) from implementing two new conditions that the agency imposed on the receipt of federal funds from the Edward Byrne Memorial ...
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| Date May 4, 2018 |
Report No. LSB10127 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Courts Weigh Access to the Internet under the Americans with Disabilities Act May 4, 2018 When the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted in 1990, the internet was still in its infancy and unavailable to most of the general public. Since that time, the internet has become inextricably linked with many of life s activities including shopping, banking, education, and health ...
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| Date May 4, 2018 |
Report No. IF10878 |
Title
May 4, 2018 U.S. LNG Trade Rising, But No Domestic Shipping As U.S. natural gas production sets new records, trade in liquefied natural gas (LNG) has risen sharply. Since 2016, when the first plant in the lower 48 states to cool gas to minus 260 F for export opened in Louisiana, the United States has exported LNG by ship to 27 countries. The inauguration of a second liquefaction facility in Lusby, ...
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| Date May 3, 2018 |
Report No. IN10874 |
Title
INSIGHTi Section 232 Steel and Aluminum Tariffs: Potential Economic Implications Updated May 3, 2018 On March 23, the United States began applying 25% and 10% tariffs, respectively, on certain steel and aluminum imports. The Administration has stated it is open to discussing terms for permanent exemptions from the tariffs for U.S. trading partners, based on addressing the perceived threat to ...
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| Date May 3, 2018 |
Report No. IN10863 |
Title
INSIGHTi Congressional Debate on FAA Reauthorization Charts New Legislative Path Updated May 3, 2018 On April 27, 2018, the House passed the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (H.R. 4), a six-year reauthorization measure that does not include a controversial proposal laid out in an earlier bill, H.R. 2997, to privatize air traffic control. The measure now proceeds to the Senate, where the Commerce, ...
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| Date May 3, 2018 |
Report No. VIOLENCE-MEXICO |
Title
MEMORANDUM May 3, 2018 Subject: Violence Against Journalists and Media workers in Mexico and U.S. Policy From: Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, cseelke@crs.loc.gov, 7-5229 This memorandum was prepared to enable distribution to more than one congressional office. The following memorandum provides background information on threats to journalists in Mexico, Mexican ...
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| Date May 3, 2018 |
Report No. R45188 |
Title
High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) Program Kristin Finklea Specialist in Domestic Security May 3, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45188 High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) Program Summary Drug trafficking is a significant public health and safety threat facing the United States. The federal government has taken a variety of actions aimed at countering ...
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| Date May 3, 2018 |
Report No. M20180503 |
Title
MEMORANDUM May 3, 2018 Subject: Violence Against Journalists and Media workers in Mexico and U.S. Policy From: Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, cseelke@crs.loc.gov, 7-5229 This memorandum was prepared to enable distribution to more than one congressional office. The following memorandum provides background information on threats to journalists in Mexico, Mexican ...
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| Date May 3, 2018 |
Report No. R44882 |
Title
Commerce, Justice, Science and Related Agencies (CJS) FY2018 Appropriations: Trade-Related Agencies Keigh E. Hammond Research Librarian M. Angeles Villarreal Specialist in International Trade and Finance May 3, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44882 Commerce, Justice, Science and Related Agencies (CJS) FY2018 Appropriations Summary This report tracks and provides an overview ...
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| Date May 3, 2018 |
Report No. IF10621 |
Title
Updated May 3, 2018 th Key Issues in FAA Reauthorization in the 115 Congress Background Reauthorization of federal civil aviation programs, including operations of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), has been a prominent issue in the 115th Congress. Congress has passed a series of short-term measures, extending FAA aviation programs and aviation trust fund authority through the end of ...
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| Date May 2, 2018 |
Report No. IN10885 |
Title
INSIGHTi Cuba After the Castros Updated May 2, 2018 As expected, Cuban President Ra l Castro stepped down from power on April 19, 2018, and the communist government s 605-member National Assembly of People s Power selected First Vice President Miguel D az-Canel Berm dez as president of the Council of State. Pursuant to Cuba s Constitution (Article 74), the president of the Council of State is also ...
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| Date May 2, 2018 |
Report No. R44758 |
Title
Farm Bill Programs Without a Budget Baseline Beyond FY2018 Jim Monke Specialist in Agricultural Policy May 2, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44758 Farm Bill Programs Without a Budget Baseline Beyond FY2018 Summary The 2014 farm bill (the Agricultural Act of 2014, P.L. 113-79) provided mandatory funding for many programs. Some of these programs have a budget baseline beyond ...
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