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| Date Aug. 22, 2016 |
Report No. R44597 |
Title
March-In Rights Under the Bayh-Dole Act John R. Thomas Visiting Scholar August 22, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44597 March-In Rights Under the Bayh-Dole Act Summary Congress approved the Bayh-Dole Act, P.L. 96-517, in order to address concerns about the commercialization of technology developed with public funds. This 1980 legislation awards title to inventions made ...
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| Date Aug. 18, 2016 |
Report No. R44596 |
Title
Fact Sheet: Selected Highlights of the FY2017 Military Construction Appropriations Bills Daniel H. Else Specialist in National Defense August 18, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44596 Fact Sheet: Selected Highlights of the FY2017 Military Construction Appropriations Bills Summary This fact sheet summarizes selected highlights of the military construction and military family ...
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| Date Aug. 18, 2016 |
Report No. R44595 |
Title
Zika Virus in the Western Hemisphere: CRS Products Sarah A. Lister Specialist in Public Health and Epidemiology August 18, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44595 Zika Virus in the Western Hemisphere: CRS Products Contents Experts List ............................................................................................................................... 1 Budget and ...
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| Date Aug. 18, 2016 |
Report No. IN10556 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Taxation of U.S. Olympic Medal Winners August 18, 2016 (IN10556) | Related Author Donald J. Marples | Donald J. Marples, Specialist in Public Finance (dmarples@crs.loc.gov, 7-3739) As U.S. athletes are finishing up competing in the 2016 Summer Olympics, Congress is considering tax relief for medalwinning Olympians. Specifically, proposed legislation (discussed below) would exclude from ...
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| Date Aug. 17, 2016 |
Report No. CEQ-NEPA |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Legal Status of CEQ s Final Guidance on Climate Change in Environmental Reviews under NEPA 08/17/2016 On August 2, 2016, the Obama Administration issued a final guidance document to assist Federal agencies in their consideration of the effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change when evaluating proposed Federal actions in accordance with the ...
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| Date Aug. 17, 2016 |
Report No. JURISDICTION |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Dude, Where s My Jurisdiction? Congressional Efforts to Strip Federal Courts of Jurisdiction 08/17/2016 Federal courts, in presiding over lawsuits, have significant power over the citizenry s life, liberty, and property, and that power can be exercised in a manner that may raise concerns with the legislative branch. One way Congress potentially can reduce the ...
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| Date Aug. 17, 2016 |
Report No. IN10555 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Zika Outbreak Is Declared a Public Health Emergency in Puerto Rico August 17, 2016 (IN10555) | Related Author Sarah A. Lister | Sarah A. Lister, Specialist in Public Health and Epidemiology (slister@crs.loc.gov, 7-7320) On August 12, 2016, Sylvia Matthews Burwell, the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS), declared a public health emergency for Puerto Rico "[a]s a ...
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| Date Aug. 17, 2016 |
Report No. R43078 |
Title
Airline Passenger Rights: The Federal Role in Aviation Consumer Protection Rachel Y. Tang Analyst in Transportation and Industry August 17, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43078 Airline Passenger Rights: The Federal Role in Aviation Consumer Protection Summary The 1978 deregulation of the airline industry in the United States eliminated federal control over many airline ...
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| Date Aug. 17, 2016 |
Report No. IF10453 |
Title
August 17, 2016 The Federal Budget: Understanding Fiscal Outcomes The budgetary power of Congress is a core responsibility that affects national economic conditions and future policy choices. This In Focus summarizes the role of Congress in the federal budget process, describes the key budget categories, and discusses recent budgetary trends and projections. Framework and Major Components The ...
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| Date Aug. 16, 2016 |
Report No. IF10452 |
Title
August 16, 2016 TPP: Labor Provisions Overview The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) among the United States and 11 Asia-Pacific countries that would reduce and eliminate tariff and non-tariff barriers on goods, services, and agriculture, and establish trade rules and disciplines that expand on commitments at the World Trade Organization (WTO). Commitments ...
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| Date Aug. 15, 2016 |
Report No. R44594 |
Title
Discount Rates in the Economic Evaluation of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Projects name redacted Specialist in Natural Resources Policy name redacted Analyst in Natural Resources Policy August 15, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44594 Discount Rates in the Economic Evaluation of Army Corps of Engineers Projects Summary Since 1936, Congress has relied on benefit and cost ...
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| Date Aug. 15, 2016 |
Report No. RS22644 |
Title
Coordinated Party Expenditures in Federal Elections: An Overview R. Sam Garrett Specialist in American National Government L. Paige Whitaker Legislative Attorney August 15, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22644 Coordinated Party Expenditures in Federal Elections: An Overview Summary A provision of federal campaign finance law, codified at 52 U.S.C. 30116(d) (formerly 2 ...
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| Date Aug. 15, 2016 |
Report No. R44591 |
Title
Natural Gas Discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean name redacted Acting Section Research Manager August 15, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44591 Natural Gas Discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean Summary Since 2009, a series of large natural gas discoveries in the Levant Basin have altered the dynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean region. Israel s discovery of the ...
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| Date Aug. 15, 2016 |
Report No. R44592 |
Title
Sage-Grouse Conservation: Background and Issues Aname redactedA Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Aname redactedA Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Aname redact dA e Specialist in Natural Resources Policy August 15, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44592 Sage-Grouse Conservation: Background and Issues Summary The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a ...
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| Date Aug. 15, 2016 |
Report No. MALAYSIAN |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar DOJ Brings Forfeiture Action to Seize and Return $1 Billion Embezzled Malaysian Government Assets 08/15/2016 On July 20, 2016, the Department of Justice (DOJ) announced that it had filed civil forfeiture actions in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California seeking to seize and return to the Malaysian government more than $1 billion worth of ...
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| Date Aug. 12, 2016 |
Report No. R44584 |
Title
Implementing Bills for Trade Agreements: Statutory Procedures under Trade Promotion Authority Richard S. Beth Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process August 12, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44584 Implementing Bills for Trade Agreements: Statutory Procedures Summary The Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015 (BCTPAA, title II ...
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| Date Aug. 12, 2016 |
Report No. R43831 |
Title
Cybersecurity Issues and Challenges: In Brief Eric A. Fischer Senior Specialist in Science and Technology August 12, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43831 Cybersecurity Issues and Challenges: In Brief Summary The information and communications technology (ICT) industry has evolved greatly over the last half century. The technology is ubiquitous and increasingly integral to ...
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| Date Aug. 12, 2016 |
Report No. IF10450 |
Title
August 12, 2016 Foster Youth: State Support for Higher Education Background Research indicates that current and former foster youth (hereinafter, foster youth ) face barriers in enrolling and completing post-secondary education. Along with specific federal programs, states are increasingly playing a role in providing support to foster youth attending institutions of higher education. Education- ...
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| Date Aug. 12, 2016 |
Report No. IF10449 |
Title
August 12, 2016 Foster Youth: Higher Education Outcomes and Federal Support This brief provides information about the challenges for current and former foster youth (hereinafter, foster youth, unless further specified) in enrolling in and completing higher education. It also discusses federal financial resources for foster youth. Federal programs that are intended to encourage college attendance ...
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| Date Aug. 12, 2016 |
Report No. IN10552 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Revisiting U.S.-Mexico Sugar Agreements August 12, 2016 (IN10552) | Related Author Mark A. McMinimy | Mark A. McMinimy, Acting Section Research Manager (mmcminimy@crs.loc.gov, 7-2172) Numerous reports in the business trade press in recent months have quoted U.S. government officials, lawmakers, and sugar industry leaders commenting on negotiations the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) ...
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| Date Aug. 11, 2016 |
Report No. R44590 |
Title
Repair, Modification, or Resale of Software-Enabled Consumer Electronic Devices: Copyright Law Issues Brian T. Yeh Legislative Attorney August 11, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44590 Repair, Modification, or Resale of Software-Enabled Consumer Electronic Devices Summary Modern consumer electronic devices and products often contain software programs that facilitate their ...
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| Date Aug. 11, 2016 |
Report No. IF10451 |
Title
August 11, 2016 Microbeads: An Emerging Water Quality Issue For decades, water quality professionals have faced the challenge of controlling a variety of conventional and nonconventional pollutants (e.g., nutrients and suspended solids; oil and grease) and toxic chemical compounds that can harm aquatic life in lakes, streams, and coastal waters, as well as public health. Microplastics, plastic ...
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| Date Aug. 10, 2016 |
Report No. R42677 |
Title
Shale Gas, Tight Oil, and Hydraulic Fracturing: CRS Experts August 10, 2016 (R42677) Contents Tables Table 1. Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources Table 2. Environmental Management and Regulation The use of hydraulic fracturing along with advanced drilling methods has enabled the production of oil and gas from unconventional (low-permeability) reservoirs that were previously inaccessible. This ...
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| Date Aug. 10, 2016 |
Report No. R44587 |
Title
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB): Background and Possible Issues for Reauthorization and Oversight Bart Elias Specialist in Aviation Policy August 10, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44587 The NTSB: Background and Possible Issues for Reauthorization and Oversight Summary The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is a small, independent federal agency ...
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| Date Aug. 10, 2016 |
Report No. IF10445 |
Title
August 10, 2016 Music Licensing and the DOJ s Consent Decrees On August 4, the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) announced an important interpretation of two regulatory agreements that are critical to the structure of the music industry. The agreements, called consent decrees, govern the activities of two of the largest organizations that license the right to publicly ...
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| Date Aug. 9, 2016 |
Report No. R43735 |
Title
Temporary Professional, Managerial, and Skilled Foreign Workers: Policy and Trends (name redacted) Analyst in Immigration Policy August 9, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43735 Temporary Professional, Managerial, and Skilled Foreign Workers: Policy and Trends Summary Temporary visas for professional, managerial, and skilled foreign workers have become an important gateway ...
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| Date Aug. 9, 2016 |
Report No. EMAIL |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar DC Circuit Holds an Agency Official s Private Email Account Not Beyond the Reach of FOIA 08/09/2016 On July 5, 2016, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, in Competitive Enterprise Institute v. Office of Science and Technology Policy, held that the private email account of White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Director John Holdren is subject ...
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| Date Aug. 8, 2016 |
Report No. R44583 |
Title
Role of the National Weather Service and Selected Legislation in the 114th Congress Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy August 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44583 Role of the National Weather Service and Selected Legislation in the 114th Congress Summary The mission of the National Weather Service (NWS) is to provide weather forecasts and ...
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| Date Aug. 8, 2016 |
Report No. R44575 |
Title
The 2016 Olympic Games: Health, Security, Environmental, and Doping Issues L. Elaine Halchin, Coordinator Specialist in American National Government John W. Rollins, Coordinator Specialist in Terrorism and National Security August 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44575 The 2016 Olympic Games: Health, Security, Environmental, and Doping Issues Summary The 2016 Olympic ...
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| Date Aug. 8, 2016 |
Report No. R40169 |
Title
Endangered Species Act Litigation Regarding Columbia Basin Salmon and Steelhead Stephen P. Mulligan Legislative Attorney Harold F. Upton Analyst in Natural Resources Policy August 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40169 Endangered Species Act Litigation Regarding Columbia Basin Salmon and Steelhead Summary The decline of salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia ...
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| Date Aug. 8, 2016 |
Report No. IN10550 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Automakers Seek to Align Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Regulations August 8, 2016 (IN10550) | Related Author Bill Canis | Bill Canis, Specialist in Industrial Organization and Business (bcanis@crs.loc.gov, 7-1568) Automakers are seeking regulatory and perhaps legislative changes this year to revise federal fuel economy and environmental standards and reduce potentially large ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2016 |
Report No. RS22843 |
Title
Medicaid Provider Taxes Updated August 5, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS22843 Medicaid Provider Taxes Summary States are able to use revenues from health care provider taxes to help finance the state share of Medicaid expenditures. Federal statute and regulations define a provider tax as a health carerelated fee, assessment, or other mandatory payment for ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2016 |
Report No. R44581 |
Title
Trafficking in Persons and U.S. Foreign Policy Responses in the 114th Congress Liana W. Rosen Specialist in International Crime and Narcotics August 5, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44581 Trafficking in Persons and U.S. Foreign Policy Responses in the 114th Congress Summary Trafficking in persons, or human trafficking, refers to the subjection of men, women, and children ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2016 |
Report No. IN10549 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT How Much Slack Remains in the Labor Market? August 5, 2016 (IN10549) | Related Authors Marc Labonte Jeffrey M. Stupak | Marc Labonte, Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy (mlabonte@crs.loc.gov, 7-0640) Jeffrey M. Stupak, Analyst in Macroeconomic Policy (jstupak@crs.loc.gov, 7-2344) The amount of "slack" in the labor market jobless or underemployed workers has consequences for the ...
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| Date Aug. 5, 2016 |
Report No. IN10548 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Al Qaeda's Syria Affiliate Declares Independence August 5, 2016 (IN10548) | Related Authors Carla E. Humud Christopher M. Blanchard | Carla E. Humud, Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs (chumud@crs.loc.gov, 7-7314) Christopher M. Blanchard, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (cblanchard@crs.loc.gov, 7-0428) On July 28, 2016, Al Qaeda's affiliate in Syria, Jabhat al Nusra (aka the Nusra ...
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| Date Aug. 4, 2016 |
Report No. IN10543 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Fatal Balloon Accident Highlights Disagreement Between Safety Agencies August 4, 2016 (IN10543) | Related Author Bart Elias | Bart Elias, Specialist in Aviation Policy (belias@crs.loc.gov, 7-7771) On July 30, 2016, a hot-air balloon tour flight crashed about 30 miles south of Austin, TX, killing the pilot and all 15 passengers on board. It was the deadliest balloon crash in U.S. ...
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| Date Aug. 4, 2016 |
Report No. TRADEMARK |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar The Federal Circuit Rules on Trademarks Considered Offensive: May Affect Redskins Trademark Dispute 08/04/2016 Two separate cases involving the revocation of the Washington Redskins federally registered trademarks (ProFootball, Inc. v. Blackhorse) and the refusal to grant registration for a rock band s name (In re Tam) raise questions about the ...
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| Date Aug. 4, 2016 |
Report No. IN10545 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT A New Aid Package for Israel August 4, 2016 (IN10545) | Related Author Jeremy M. Sharp | Jeremy M. Sharp, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (jsharp@crs.loc.gov, 7-8687) Overview As the United States and Israel continue to discuss the terms of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on U.S. assistance for the period FY2019-FY2028, Members of Congress are considering legislation that ...
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| Date Aug. 4, 2016 |
Report No. IN10547 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Iran Financial Sanctions Issues August 4, 2016 (IN10547) | Related Authors Kenneth Katzman Liana W. Rosen Kenneth Katzman, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (kkatzman@crs.loc.gov, 7-7612) Liana W. Rosen, Specialist in International Crime and Narcotics (lrosen@crs.loc.gov, 76177) Overview In January 2016, the multilateral nuclear agreement with Iran ("Joint Comprehensive Plan of ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2016 |
Report No. R44231 |
Title
Commodity Futures Trading Commission: Proposed Reauthorization in the 114th Congress Rena S. Miller Specialist in Financial Economics August 3, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44231 Commodity Futures Trading Commission: Reauthorization in the 114th Congress Summary The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), created in 1974, regulates futures, most options, and swaps ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2016 |
Report No. R44579 |
Title
Federal Assistance for Victims of Terrorism or Mass Violence: In Brief Lisa N. Sacco Analyst in Illicit Drugs and Crime Policy August 3, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44579 Federal Assistance for Victims of Terrorism or Mass Violence: In Brief Summary Following incidents of terrorism or mass violence in the United States, jurisdictions and individuals may be eligible to ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2016 |
Report No. IN10546 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT 2016 Rio Games: Anti-Doping Testing August 3, 2016 (IN10546) | Related Author L. Elaine Halchin | L. Elaine Halchin, Specialist in American National Government (ehalchin@crs.loc.gov, 7-0646) Responsibility for the anti-doping testing program during the 2016 Summer Olympics rests with the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The testing period began July 24, 2016, when the Olympic ...
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| Date Aug. 3, 2016 |
Report No. IN10541 |
Title
Human Trafficking and Forced Labor: Trends in Import Restrictions August 3, 2016 (IN10541) Liana W. Rosen, Specialist in International Crime and Narcotics (lrosen@crs.loc.gov, 7-6177) M. Angeles Villarreal, Specialist in International Trade and Finance (avillarreal@crs.loc.gov, 7-0321) Ashley Feng, Research Associate (afeng@crs.loc.gov, 7-0738) Introduction More than 85 years ago, Congress passed ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2016 |
Report No. R43077 |
Title
Wildfire Management Appropriations: Data, Trends, and Issues name redacted Specialist in Natural Resources Policy name redacted Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural Resources Policy August 2, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43077 Wildfire Management Appropriations: Data, Trends, and Issues Summary The Forest Service (FS, in the U.S. Department of Agriculture) ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2016 |
Report No. RL32509 |
Title
The President s Budget: Overview and Timing of the Mid-Session Review Louise D. Yinug Section Research Manager Casey Burgat Research Assistant August 2, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32509 The President s Budget: Overview and Timing of the Mid-Session Review Summary The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 established for the first time the requirement that the President ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2016 |
Report No. IF10122 |
Title
August 2, 2016 National Park Service: Appropriations in Focus The National Park Service (NPS) administers the National Park System, which covers 84.6 million acres and includes 412 units valued for their natural, cultural, and recreational importance. NPS receives funding in annual appropriations laws for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. For FY2016, P.L. 114-113 provided $2.851 billion ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2016 |
Report No. IN10542 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Turkey August 2, 2016 (IN10542) | Related Author Amy F. Woolf | Amy F. Woolf, Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy (awoolf@crs.loc.gov, 7-2379) According to unofficial reports, the United States stores approximately 50 B61 nuclear bombs at Incirlik Air Force Base in southern Turkey. After the failed coup in Turkey in mid-July 2016, the government arrested ...
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| Date Aug. 2, 2016 |
Report No. IN10325 |
Title
China's Recent Stock Market Volatility: What Are the Implications? August 2, 2016 (IN10325) Wayne M. Morrison, Specialist in Asian Trade and Finance (wmorrison@crs.loc.gov, 7 7767) Gabriel M. Nelson, Research Assistant (gnelson@crs.loc.gov, 7 1912) China's two main stock markets, the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE), experienced rapid price increases from about ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2016 |
Report No. RL34248 |
Title
Pakistan s Nuclear Weapons Paul K. Kerr Analyst in Nonproliferation Mary Beth Nikitin Specialist in Nonproliferation August 1, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL34248 Pakistan s Nuclear Weapons Summary Pakistan s nuclear arsenal probably consists of approximately 110-130 nuclear warheads, although it could have more. Islamabad is producing fissile material, adding to related ...
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| Date Aug. 1, 2016 |
Report No. R43839 |
Title
State Challenges to Federal Enforcement of Immigration Law: From the Mid-1990s to the Present Kate M. Manuel Legislative Attorney August 1, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43839 State Challenges to Federal Enforcement of Immigration Law Summary States and localities can have significant interest in the manner and extent to which federal officials enforce provisions of the ...
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