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| Date Jan. 19, 2016 |
Report No. TRANSCAN |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Not Over Til It s Over, Part 1: TransCanada to Seek $15 Billion in NAFTA Lawsuit over Denial of Keystone XL Permit Request 01/19/2016 After more than seven years of political debate and controversy, TransCanada, the company behind the proposed Keystone XL pipeline, announced that it intends to seek more than $15 billion in damages because of the State ...
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| Date Jan. 19, 2016 |
Report No. IN10432 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Fight Against Al Shabaab in Somalia in 2016 January 19, 2016 (IN10432) | Related Author Lauren Ploch Blanchard | Lauren Ploch Blanchard, Specialist in African Affairs (lploch@crs.loc.gov, 7-7640) Al Shabaab, a Somalia-based Al Qaeda affiliate, recently made headlines with a recruitment video featuring footage of the late American jihadist ideologue Anwar al Awlaki, Malcolm X, the ...
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| Date Jan. 15, 2016 |
Report No. R44344 |
Title
North Korea: A Comparison of S. 1747, S. 2144, and H.R. 757 Dianne E. Rennack Specialist in Foreign Policy Legislation January 15, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44344 North Korea: A Comparison of S. 1747, S. 2144, and H.R. 757 Summary This report compares S. 1747, the North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act of 2015, as introduced in the Senate by Senator Menendez on July 9, ...
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| Date Jan. 15, 2016 |
Report No. R43517 |
Title
Recently Expired Charitable Tax Provisions ( Tax Extenders ): In Brief Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy Molly F. Sherlock Coordinator of Division Research and Specialist January 15, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43517 Recently Expired Charitable Tax Provisions ( Tax Extenders ): In Brief Contents Introduction ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2016 |
Report No. R44053 |
Title
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2016 William L. Painter, Coordinator Analyst in Emergency Management and Homeland Security Policy Barbara L. Schwemle Analyst in American National Government January 14, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44053 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2016 Summary This report discusses the FY2016 appropriations for the ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2016 |
Report No. R44309 |
Title
FY2016 Appropriations: Selected Federal Food Safety Agencies Ren e Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Policy January 14, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44309 FY2016 Appropriations: Selected Federal Food Safety Agencies Summary The Subcommittees on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies of the House and Senate Appropriations ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2016 |
Report No. RL32473 |
Title
Omnibus Appropriations Acts: Overview of Recent Practices James V. Saturno Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process Jessica Tollestrup Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process January 14, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32473 Omnibus Appropriations Acts: Overview of Recent Practices Summary Omnibus appropriations acts have become a significant feature ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2016 |
Report No. R44343 |
Title
The Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2015: In Brief Alexandra Hegji Analyst in Social Policy January 14, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44343 The Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2015: In Brief Summary Prior to December 18, 2015, the Federal Perkins Loan program authorized the allocation of federal funds to institutions of higher education to ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2016 |
Report No. KOZINSKI |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Criminal Justice Reform: One Judge s View 01/14/2016 Judge Alex Kozinski of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit recently wrote an article in which he recommended 26 changes in the U.S. criminal justice system, federal and state. 44 Geo. L. J. Ann. Rev. Crim. Proc. iii (2015). The recommendations range from investigations to habeas corpus ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2016 |
Report No. LS_2016-01-14_01 |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Criminal Justice Reform: One Judge s View 01/14/2016 Judge Alex Kozinski of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit recently wrote an article in which he recommended 26 changes in the U.S. criminal justice system, federal and state. 44 Geo. L. J. Ann. Rev. Crim. Proc. iii (2015). The recommendations range from investigations to habeas corpus ...
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| Date Jan. 14, 2016 |
Report No. R44345 |
Title
Efforts to Reauthorize the America COMPETES Act: In Brief name redacted Specialist in Science and Technology Policy January 14, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44345 Efforts to Reauthorize the America COMPETES Act: In Brief Contents Introduction ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2016 |
Report No. HEDGE |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar Hedge Funds and the Securities Exchange Act s Section 13(d) Reporting Requirements 01/13/2016 A hedge fund is an investment vehicle that is typically available only to sophisticated investors, such as institutions, pension funds, and individuals with significant assets and investment experience. Some hedge funds (often referred to as activist ) have taken a ...
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| Date Jan. 13, 2016 |
Report No. R44340 |
Title
Goldwater-Nichols and the Evolution of Officer Joint Professional Military Education (JPME) Kristy N. Kamarck Analyst in Military Manpower January 13, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44340 Goldwater-Nichols and the Evolution of JPME Summary In November 2015, the Senate Armed Services Committee initiated a review of the GoldwaterNichols Act (GNA). This piece of legislation, ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2016 |
Report No. R43330 |
Title
The Indian Health Service (IHS): An Overview Elayne J. Heisler Specialist in Health Services January 12, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43330 The Indian Health Service (IHS): An Overview Summary The IHS provides an array of medical services, including inpatient, ambulatory, emergency, dental, public health nursing, and preventive health care. The IHS does not have a ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2016 |
Report No. R43793 |
Title
Intelligence Authorization Legislation for FY2014 and FY2015: Provisions, Status, Intelligence Community Framework Anne Daugherty Miles Analyst in Intelligence and National Security Policy January 12, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43793 Intelligence Authorization Legislation for FY2014 and 2015: Provisions and Status Summary Two Intelligence Authorization Acts (IAAs) were ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2016 |
Report No. RL33250 |
Title
U.S. International Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress Luisa Blanchfield Specialist in International Relations January 12, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33250 U.S. International Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress Summary For the past several decades, U.S. policymakers have debated the most appropriate and effective funding levels for U.S. ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2016 |
Report No. RS22663 |
Title
U.S. Assistance Programs in China (name redacted) Specialist in Asian Affairs January 12, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS22663 U.S. Assistance Programs in China Summary This report examines U.S. foreign assistance activities in the People s Republic of China (PRC), undertaken by the U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The report ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2016 |
Report No. FREERIDE |
Title
Legal Sidebar Free-Riders or Compelled Riders? Key Takeaways as Court Considers Major Union Dues Case 01/12/2016 According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of 2015, 7.2 million employees in the public sector belong to a union, with more than 700,000 additional government employees being represented by a union without belonging to the union. At least a significant portion of the latter ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2016 |
Report No. IN10431 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Taiwan's January 2016 Elections: A Preview January 12, 2016 (IN10431) | Related Authors Susan V. Lawrence Wayne M. Morrison | Susan V. Lawrence, Specialist in Asian Affairs (slawrence@crs.loc.gov, 7-2577) Wayne M. Morrison, Specialist in Asian Trade and Finance (wmorrison@crs.loc.gov, 7-7767) Introduction Taiwan voters will go to the polls on January 16, 2016, to elect a new president ...
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| Date Jan. 12, 2016 |
Report No. LS_2016-01-12_01 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Free-Riders or Compelled Riders? Key Takeaways as Court Considers Major Union Dues Case 01/12/2016 According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of 2015, 7.2 million employees in the public sector belong to a union, with more than 700,000 additional government employees being represented by a union without belonging to the union. At least a significant portion of the latter ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2016 |
Report No. R43447 |
Title
Unauthorized Aliens, Higher Education, InState Tuition, and Financial Aid: Legal Analysis Kate M. Manuel Legislative Attorney January 11, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43447 Unauthorized Aliens, Higher Education, In-State Tuition, and Financial Aid Summary The existence of a sizable population of DREAMers in the United States has prompted questions about unauthorized ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2016 |
Report No. IN10354 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Guatemala: One President Resigns; Another Elected, to Be Inaugurated January 14 January 11, 2016 (IN10354) | Related Author Maureen Taft-Morales | Maureen Taft-Morales, Specialist in Latin American Affairs (mtmorales@crs.loc.gov, 7-7659) In what many observers see as a remarkable step forward for its democratic development, Guatemala's judicial system investigated government corruption ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2016 |
Report No. IN10419 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016: Effects on Budgetary Trends January 11, 2016 (IN10419) | Related Author Grant A. Driessen | Grant A. Driessen, Analyst in Public Finance (gdriessen@crs.loc.gov, 7-7757) Two measures included in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113) altered the federal budget outlook. Divisions A through L of the Consolidated Appropriations ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2016 |
Report No. R42097 |
Title
Qualifications for President and the Natural Born Citizenship Eligibility Requirement Jack Maskell Legislative Attorney January 11, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42097 Qualifications for President and the Natural Born Citizenship Eligibility Requirement Summary The Constitution sets out three eligibility requirements to be President: one must be 35 years of age, a ...
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| Date Jan. 11, 2016 |
Report No. IF10237 |
Title
Updated January 11, 2016 Federal Laws Concerning Advance Directives An advance directive is a written statement by a competent person indicating his or her wishes regarding medical treatment in the event of future incompetence. In this context, incompetence means that a person cannot express his or her wishes which may be caused by mental infirmity, unconsciousness, or the inability to ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2016 |
Report No. R44334 |
Title
Separation of Powers: An Overview Matthew E. Glassman Analyst on the Congress January 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44334 Separation of Powers: An Overview Summary Congress s role and operation in national politics is fundamentally shaped by the design and structure of the governing institution in the Constitution. One of the key principles of the Constitution is ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2016 |
Report No. R44333 |
Title
Health-Related Tax Expenditures: Overview and Analysis Sean Lowry Analyst in Public Finance January 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44333 Health-Related Tax Expenditures: Overview and Analysis Summary Public and private health care spending is growing due to increased enrollment in health insurance, demographic changes of an aging society, and the expansion of government ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2016 |
Report No. R44364 |
Title
The Federal Cybersecurity Workforce: Background and Congressional Oversight Issues for the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security Updated January 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44364 The Federal Cybersecurity Workforce: Background and Congressional Oversight Issues Summary The federal cybersecurity workforce is responsible for protecting U.S. ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2016 |
Report No. R44338 |
Title
The Federal Cybersecurity Workforce: Background and Congressional Oversight Issues for the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security Kathryn A. Francis Analyst in Government Organization and Management Wendy Ginsberg Analyst in American National Government January 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44338 The Federal Cybersecurity Workforce: Background and Congressional ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2016 |
Report No. R43906 |
Title
Perspectives on Enhanced Interrogation Techniques Anne Daugherty Miles Analyst in Intelligence and National Security Policy January 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43906 Perspectives on Enhanced Interrogation Techniques Contents Introduction ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2016 |
Report No. RS22655 |
Title
Juvenile Justice Funding Trends Kristin Finklea Specialist in Domestic Security January 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22655 Juvenile Justice Funding Trends Summary Although juvenile justice has always been administered by the states, Congress has had significant influence in the area through funding for grant programs administered by the Department of Justice s (DOJ s ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2016 |
Report No. GUNVIOL |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar President Obama Announces Executive Actions to Reduce Gun Violence 01/08/2016 On January 5, 2016, President Obama announced executive actions aimed at, among other things, keep[ing] guns out of the wrong hands through background checks and mak[ing] our communities safer from gun violence. These actions include, for example, directing specified executive ...
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| Date Jan. 8, 2016 |
Report No. LS_2016-01-08_01 |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis Legal Sidebar President Obama Announces Executive Actions to Reduce Gun Violence 01/08/2016 On January 5, 2016, President Obama announced executive actions aimed at, among other things, keep[ing] guns out of the wrong hands through background checks and mak[ing] our communities safer from gun violence. These actions include, for example, directing specified executive ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2016 |
Report No. R43510 |
Title
Selected Recently Expired Business Tax Provisions ( Tax Extenders ) Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in Economic Policy Donald J. Marples Specialist in Public Finance Molly F. Sherlock Coordinator of Division Research and Specialist January 7, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43510 Selected Recently Expired Business Tax Provisions ( Tax Extenders ) Summary The Consolidated ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2016 |
Report No. R44113 |
Title
U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Trends and FY2016 Appropriations Peter J. Meyer Analyst in Latin American Affairs January 7, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44113 U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean Summary Geographic proximity has forged strong linkages between the United States and the nations of Latin America and ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2016 |
Report No. R44078 |
Title
Judiciary Appropriations FY2016 Matthew E. Glassman Analyst on the Congress January 7, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44078 Judiciary Appropriations FY2016 Summary Funds for the judicial branch are included annually in the Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) Appropriations bill. The bill provides funding for the Supreme Court; the U.S. Court of Appeals for the ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2016 |
Report No. R43742 |
Title
Customer Choice and the Power Industry of the Future name redacted Specialist in Energy Policy January 7, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43742 Customer Choice and the Power Industry of the Future Summary In the United States, the modern electric utility industry began to emerge about 100 years ago, guided by a philosophy which came to be called the regulatory compact. ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2016 |
Report No. R44335 |
Title
Minding the Data Gap: NOAA s PolarOrbiting Weather Satellites and Strategies for Data Continuity Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy January 7, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44335 NOAA s Polar-Orbiting Weather Satellites and Strategies for Data Continuity Summary Concerns have been raised in Congress about the possibility of a data gap in the ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2016 |
Report No. IF10345 |
Title
January 7, 2016 Possible U.S. Policy Approaches After North Korea s January 2016 Nuclear Test On January 6, North Korea announced that it had successfully tested a hydrogen bomb, its fourth nuclear weapon test since 2006. Despite skepticism about Pyongyang s claim regarding the nature of the device (see CRS Insight IN10428, North Korea s January 6, 2016, Nuclear Test), governments around the world ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2016 |
Report No. R43970 |
Title
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations (CJS): Trade-Related Agencies M. Angeles Villarreal Specialist in International Trade and Finance January 7, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43970 CJS Appropriations: Trade-Related Agencies Summary This report tracks and describes actions taken by the Administration and Congress to provide FY2016 appropriations ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2016 |
Report No. R41673 |
Title
USDA s GIPSA Rule on Livestock and Poultry Marketing Practices Joel L. Greene Analyst in Agricultural Policy January 7, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41673 USDA s GIPSA Rule on Livestock and Poultry Marketing Practices Summary The 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246) included new provisions that amended the Packers and Stockyards Act (P&S Act) to give poultry and swine growers ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2016 |
Report No. IN10428 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT North Korea's January 6, 2016, Nuclear Test January 7, 2016 (IN10428) | Related Author Mary Beth D. Nikitin | Mary Beth D. Nikitin, Specialist in Nonproliferation (mnikitin@crs.loc.gov, 7-7745) North Korea announced that it successfully tested a "hydrogen bomb" (its fourth nuclear test) on January 6, 2016. The official statement also called the device an experimental or "pilot H-bomb." ...
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| Date Jan. 7, 2016 |
Report No. IF10344 |
Title
Updated January 7, 2016 China s Hukou System: Overview, Reform, and Economic Implications What Is Hukou? First introduced in 1951, the Chinese hukou (household registration) system is a categorization of its citizens based on both their place of residence (living in urban/rural areas) and eligibility for certain socioeconomic benefits (agriculture/non-agriculture). Hukou is issued through a ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2016 |
Report No. R43901 |
Title
State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2016 Budget and Appropriations Susan B. Epstein Specialist in Foreign Policy Marian L. Lawson Specialist in Foreign Assistance Policy Alex Tiersky Analyst in Foreign Affairs January 6, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43901 State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2016 Budget and Appropriations Summary On February ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2016 |
Report No. R44331 |
Title
Big Data in U.S. Agriculture Megan Stubbs Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural Resources Policy January 6, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44331 Big Data in U.S. Agriculture Summary Recent media and industry reports have employed the term big data as a key to the future of increased food production and sustainable agriculture. A recent hearing on the private ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2016 |
Report No. R40744 |
Title
The 8(a) Program for Small Businesses Owned and Controlled by the Socially and Economically Disadvantaged: Legal Requirements and Issues (name redacted) Legislative Attorney January 6, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R40744 The 8(a) Program for Small Businesses Summary Commonly known as the 8(a) Program, the Minority Small Business and Capital Ownership Development Program ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2016 |
Report No. IF10342 |
Title
January 6, 2016 What Is the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership? This In Focus provides answers to a number of frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the proposed Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, or RCEP, and its possible implications for U.S. foreign policy and trade relations with Asia. Questions about RCEP can be directed to the CRS analysts listed at the end of the report. ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2016 |
Report No. IN10426 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Federal Reserve Issues Final Rule on Emergency Lending January 6, 2016 (IN10426) | Related Authors Marc Labonte M. Maureen Murphy | Marc Labonte, Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy (mlabonte@crs.loc.gov, 7-0640) M. Maureen Murphy, Legislative Attorney (mmurphy@crs.loc.gov, 7-6971) On November 30, 2015, the Federal Reserve (Fed) issued final regulations governing emergency lending under ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2016 |
Report No. R44330 |
Title
The Motion to Recommit in the House of Representatives Megan S. Lynch Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process January 6, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44330 The Motion to Recommit in the House of Representatives Summary The motion to recommit provides a final opportunity for the House to affect a measure before passage, either by amending the measure or sending ...
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| Date Jan. 6, 2016 |
Report No. IN10425 |
Title
CRS INSIGHT Electric Grid Physical Security: Recent Legislation January 6, 2016 (IN10425) | Related Author Paul W. Parfomak | Paul W. Parfomak, Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy (pparfomak@crs.loc.gov, 7-0030) Introduction The U.S. electric grid consists of over 200,000 miles of high voltage transmission lines and hundreds of high voltage (HV) transformer substations. Due to their ...
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