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| Date Sept. 10, 2014 |
Report No. WSLG1041 |
Title
Legal Sidebar DOJ & Bank of America Enter Biggest Civil Settlement in U.S. History 9/10/2014 On August 21, the Department of Justice (DOJ) and other federal and state regulators announced a nearly $17 billion Legal Settlement with Bank of America (BOA) to settle civil claims involving the company s securitization, issuance, marketing, and sale of residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2014 |
Report No. R41156 |
Title
Judicial Activity Concerning Enemy Combatant Detainees: Major Court Rulings Jennifer K. Elsea Legislative Attorney Michael John Garcia Legislative Attorney April 21, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41156 Judicial Activity Concerning Enemy Combatant Detainees: Major Court Rulings Summary As part of the conflict with Al Qaeda and the Taliban, the United States has captured ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2014 |
Report No. R12098 |
Title
Authorization of Appropriations: Procedural and Legal Issues Jessica Tollestrup Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process Brian T. Yeh Legislative Attorney September 9, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42098 Authorization of Appropriations: Procedural and Legal Issues Summary To provide funding for discretionary spending programs of the government, Congress generally ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2014 |
Report No. WSLG1057 |
Title
Legal Sidebar 9th Circuit Decision Enables DACA Beneficiaries and Other Aliens Granted Deferred Action to Get Arizona Driver s Licenses 9/9/2014 In its recent decision in Arizona Dream Act Coalition v. Brewer, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit enjoined the State of Arizona from implementing a policy that resulted in the denial of driver s licenses to aliens who ...
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| Date Sept. 9, 2014 |
Report No. IN101347 |
Title
CRS Insights Considerations for Possible Authorization for Use of Military Force Against the Islamic State Matthew C. Weed, Analyst in Foreign Policy Legislation (mweed@crs.loc.gov, 7-4589) September 9, 2014 (IN10147) The armed offensive of the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL or ISIS) in northern and western Iraq and northeastern Syria has raised significant concerns for the Middle Eastern ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2014 |
Report No. R41786 |
Title
. Cooling Water Intake Structures: Summary of the EPA Rule Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy September 8, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41786 Cooling Water Intake Structures: Summary of the EPA Rule . Summary Thermoelectric generating plants and manufacturing facilities withdraw large volumes of water for production and, especially, to ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2014 |
Report No. 95-815 |
Title
Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment Kathleen Ann Ruane Legislative Attorney September 8, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov 95-815 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment Summary The First Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that Congress ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2014 |
Report No. R43698 |
Title
. NATO s Wales Summit: Outcomes and Key Challenges Paul Belkin Analyst in European Affairs September 8, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43698 NATO s Wales Summit: Outcomes and Key Challenges . Summary On September 4-5, the leaders of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization s (NATO s) 28 member states met in Wales for the alliance s 2014 summit. This was their first meeting ...
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| Date Sept. 8, 2014 |
Report No. R43722 |
Title
Offices of Inspectors General and Law Enforcement Authority: In Brief Wendy Ginsberg Analyst in American National Government September 8, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43722 Offices of Inspectors General and Law Enforcement Authority: In Brief Summary Federal inspectors general (IGs) have been granted substantial independence and powers to combat waste, fraud, and abuse ...
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| Date Sept. 5, 2014 |
Report No. R42526 |
Title
. Federal Labor Relations Statutes: An Overview Gerald Mayer Analyst in Labor Policy Jon O. Shimabukuro Legislative Attorney Benjamin Collins Analyst in Labor Policy September 5, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42526 Federal Labor Relations Statutes: An Overview . Summary Since 1926, Congress has enacted three major laws that govern labor-management relations for private ...
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| Date Sept. 5, 2014 |
Report No. RS20549 |
Title
Defense Surplus Equipment Disposal, Including the Law Enforcement 1033 Program Valerie Bailey Grasso Specialist in Defense Acquisition September 5, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS20549 Defense Surplus Equipment Disposal, Including the Law Enforcement 1033 Program Summary The effort to dispose of surplus military equipment dates back to the end of World War II when the ...
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| Date Sept. 5, 2014 |
Report No. IN10146 |
Title
CRS Reports & Analysis CRS Insights China's Leaders Quash Hong Kong's Hopes for Democratic Election Reforms Michael F. Martin, Specialist in Asian Affairs (mfmartin@crs.loc.gov, 7-2199) September 5, 2014 (IN10146) An August 31 decision by China's National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) placed strict conditions on any possible electoral reforms in Hong Kong setting the stage for a ...
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| Date Sept. 5, 2014 |
Report No. R43715 |
Title
Aviation War Risk Insurance: Background and Options for Congress Bart Elias Specialist in Aviation Policy Rachel Y. Tang Analyst in Transportation and Industry Baird Webel Specialist in Financial Economics September 5, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43715 Aviation War Risk Insurance: Background and Options for Congress Summary Following the terrorist attacks of September ...
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| Date Sept. 5, 2014 |
Report No. RL32623 |
Title
Postponement and Rescheduling of Elections to Federal Office Jack Maskell Legislative Attorney September 5, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32623 Postponement and Rescheduling of Elections to Federal Office Summary The prospect and potential for severe weather or other natural disasters, in addition to lingering hypotheticals about terrorist attacks directed at certain ...
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| Date Sept. 5, 2014 |
Report No. R43716 |
Title
Asylum and Gang Violence: Legal Overview Kate M. Manuel Legislative Attorney September 5, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43716 Asylum and Gang Violence: Legal Overview Summary The recent increase in the number of unaccompanied alien children (UACs) apprehended at the border between Mexico and the United States has raised questions about the role that gang-related violence ...
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| Date Sept. 4, 2014 |
Report No. R43718 |
Title
Rural Development Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) Tadlock Cowan Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development September 4, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43718 Rural Development Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) Summary While many legislative proposals introduced in a given Congress may have implications for rural America, Congress has ...
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| Date Sept. 4, 2014 |
Report No. R43708 |
Title
The Take Care Clause and Executive Discretion in the Enforcement of Law Todd Garvey Legislative Attorney September 4, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43708 The Take Care Clause and Executive Discretion in the Enforcement of Law Summary The Take Care Clause would appear to stand for two, at times diametrically opposed propositions one imposing a duty upon the President and ...
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| Date Sept. 4, 2014 |
Report No. R43710 |
Title
A Primer on the Reviewability of Agency Delay and Enforcement Discretion Daniel T. Shedd Legislative Attorney Todd Garvey Legislative Attorney September 4, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43710 A Primer on the Reviewability of Agency Delay and Enforcement Discretion Summary Congress regularly authorizes and requires administrative agencies to implement and enforce ...
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| Date Sept. 4, 2014 |
Report No. R43712 |
Title
Article III Standing and Congressional Suits Against the Executive Branch Alissa M. Dolan Legislative Attorney September 4, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43712 Article III Standing and Congressional Suits Against the Executive Branch Summary On July 30, 2014, the House of Representatives passed H.Res. 676, authorizing the Speaker of the House to initiate a civil action ...
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| Date Sept. 4, 2014 |
Report No. R412454 |
Title
Congressional Participation in Article III Courts: Standing to Sue Alissa M. Dolan Legislative Attorney Todd Garvey Legislative Attorney September 4, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42454 Congressional Participation in Article III Courts: Standing to Sue Summary In disputes between Congress and the executive, questions arise about Congress s ability to turn to the federal ...
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| Date Sept. 4, 2014 |
Report No. R42454 |
Title
Congressional Participation in Article III Courts: Standing to Sue name redacted Legislative Attorney name redacted Legislative Attorney September 4, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R42454 Congressional Participation in Article III Courts: Standing to Sue Summary In disputes between Congress and the executive, questions arise about Congress s ability to turn to the federal ...
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| Date Sept. 3, 2014 |
Report No. R43452 |
Title
Unlawfully Present Aliens, Driver s Licenses, and Other State-Issued ID: Select Legal Issues -name redactedLegislative Attorney -name redactedLegislative Attorney September 3, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43452 Unlawfully Present Aliens, Driver s Licenses, and Other State-Issued ID: Legal Issues Summary One aspect of the broader debate over aliens who are present in the ...
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| Date Sept. 3, 2014 |
Report No. R41867 |
Title
Mongolia: Issues for Congress Susan V. Lawrence Specialist in Asian Affairs September 3, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41867 Mongolia: Issues for Congress Summary Mongolia is a sparsely populated young democracy in a remote part of Asia, sandwiched between two powerful large neighbors, China and Russia. It made its transition to democracy and free market reforms ...
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| Date Sept. 3, 2014 |
Report No. R43717 |
Title
Pakistan Political Unrest: In Brief K. Alan Kronstadt Specialist in South Asian Affairs Samir Kumar Research Associate September 3, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43717 Pakistan Political Unrest: In Brief Summary Beginning on August 15, 2014, Pakistan s struggle to establish a sustainable democratic system has met with a new reversal in the form of major anti-government ...
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| Date Sept. 2, 2014 |
Report No. R43711 |
Title
Common Core State Standards and Assessments: Background and Issues Rebecca R. Skinner Specialist in Education Policy Jody Feder Legislative Attorney September 2, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43711 Common Core State Standards and Assessments: Background and Issues Summary Over the last two decades, there has been interest in developing federal policies that focus on ...
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| Date Sept. 2, 2014 |
Report No. R43706 |
Title
The Doctrine of Constitutional Avoidance: A Legal Overview Andrew Nolan Legislative Attorney September 2, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43706 The Doctrine of Constitutional Avoidance: A Legal Overview Summary Article III of the Constitution established the judicial branch of the United States, staffing the branch with life-tenured and salary-protected judges. Amongst the ...
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| Date Sept. 2, 2014 |
Report No. IF00021 |
Title
September 2, 2014 Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank) Reauthorization Background What is Ex-Im Bank? As the official U.S. export credit agency (ECA), Ex-Im Bank finances and insures U.S. exports of goods and services with the goal of supporting U.S. jobs. On a demand-driven basis, it seeks to support exports that the private sector is unwilling or unable to finance alone at commercially viable terms ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2014 |
Report No. R43703 |
Title
Special Immigrant Juveniles: In Brief Ruth Ellen Wasem Specialist in Immigration Policy August 29, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43703 Special Immigrant Juveniles: In Brief Summary Abused, neglected, or abandoned children who also lack authorization under immigration law to reside in the United States (i.e., unauthorized aliens) raise complex immigration and child welfare ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2014 |
Report No. R43032 |
Title
. Practical Implications of Noel Canning on the National Labor Relations Board: In Brief Vivian S. Chu Legislative Attorney Jon O. Shimabukuro Legislative Attorney August 29, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43032 Practical Implications of Noel Canning on the National Labor Relations Board: In Brief . Summary On January 4, 2012, President Obama exercised his recess ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2014 |
Report No. R42783 |
Title
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP): Status and Issues Megan Stubbs Specialist in Agricultural Conservation and Natural Resources Policy August 29, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42783 Conservation Reserve Program (CRP): Status and Issues Summary The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) provides payments to agricultural producers to take highly erodible and environmentally ...
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| Date Aug. 29, 2014 |
Report No. RL33009 |
Title
. Recess Appointments: A Legal Overview Vivian S. Chu Legislative Attorney August 29, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33009 Recess Appointments: A Legal Overview . Summary The U.S. Constitution explicitly provides the President with two methods of appointing officers of the United States. First, the Appointments Clause provides the President with the authority to make ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2014 |
Report No. R42772 |
Title
U.S. Textile Manufacturing and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations Michaela D. Platzer Specialist in Industrial Organization and Business November 20, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42772 U.S. Textile Manufacturing and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations Summary Textiles are a contentious and unresolved issue in the ongoing Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2014 |
Report No. R43666 |
Title
Summary Report: FY2014 Supplemental Appropriations William L. Painter Analyst in Emergency Management and Homeland Security Policy August 28, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43666 Summary Report: FY2014 Supplemental Appropriations Summary On July 8, 2014, the Administration requested $4,346 million in FY2014 supplemental appropriations to address two issues: the surge in ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2014 |
Report No. IN10143 |
Title
CRS Insights The Islamic State in Syria and Iraq: A Possible Threat to Jordan? Jeremy M. Sharp, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (jsharp@crs.loc.gov, 7-8687) August 28, 2014 (IN10143) As Congress debates whether to authorize and fund the continued use of U.S. force in Iraq against the Islamic State (IS, previously referred to as ISIS or ISIL), lawmakers may consider if the Islamic State poses ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2014 |
Report No. IN101341 |
Title
CRS Insights Designating Systemically Important Financial Institutions (SIFIs) Marc Labonte, Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy (mlabonte@crs.loc.gov, 7-0640) August 28, 2014 (IN10141) The 2008 financial crisis resulted in government assistance to rescue several financial firms that were considered "too big to fail" (TBTF) because their failure would cause unacceptable disruptions to the overall ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2014 |
Report No. IN101343 |
Title
CRS Insights The Islamic State in Syria and Iraq: A Possible Threat to Jordan? Jeremy M. Sharp, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (jsharp@crs.loc.gov, 7-8687) August 28, 2014 (IN10143) As Congress debates whether to authorize and fund the continued use of U.S. force in Iraq against the Islamic State (IS, previously referred to as ISIS or ISIL), lawmakers may consider if the Islamic State poses ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2014 |
Report No. IF00049 |
Title
August 28, 2014 Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations Overview Thailand is a long-time military ally and significant trade and economic partner for the United States. In 2013, Thailand was the United States 24th largest goods trading partner, with $38 billion in total two-way goods trade. For many years, Thailand also was seen as a model of stable democracy in Southeast Asia, although this image ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2014 |
Report No. R43701 |
Title
The 1033 Program, Department of Defense Support to Law Enforcement Daniel H. Else Specialist in National Defense August 28, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43701 The 1033 Program, Department of Defense Support to Law Enforcement Summary The United States has traditionally kept military action and civil law enforcement apart, codifying that separation in the Posse Comitatus ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2014 |
Report No. IN10142 |
Title
CRS Insights Can Body Worn Cameras Serve as a Deterrent to Police Misconduct? Nathan James, Analyst in Crime Policy (njames@crs.loc.gov, 7-0264) August 28, 2014 (IN10142) Conflicting accounts about what transpired before Michael Brown was shot by Ferguson (MO) Police Officer Darren Wilson on August 9 have raised questions about police accountability and transparency. Requiring law enforcement ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2014 |
Report No. IN101346 |
Title
CRS Insights China's Leaders Quash Hong Kong's Hopes for Democratic Election Reforms Michael F. Martin, Specialist in Asian Affairs (mfmartin@crs.loc.gov, 7-2199) September 5, 2014 (IN10146) An August 31 decision by China's National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) placed strict conditions on any possible electoral reforms in Hong Kong setting the stage for a contentious and difficult ...
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| Date Aug. 28, 2014 |
Report No. IN101342 |
Title
CRS Insights Can Body Worn Cameras Serve as a Deterrent to Police Misconduct? Nathan James, Analyst in Crime Policy (njames@crs.loc.gov, 7-0264) August 28, 2014 (IN10142) Conflicting accounts about what transpired before Michael Brown was shot by Ferguson (MO) Police Officer Darren Wilson on August 9 have raised questions about police accountability and transparency. Requiring law enforcement ...
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| Date Aug. 27, 2014 |
Report No. RL34537 |
Title
FEMA s Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program: Overview and Issues -name redactedAnalyst in Emergency Management Policy August 27, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL34537 FEMA s Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program: Overview and Issues Summary Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM), as federal law and a program activity, began in 1997. Congress established a pilot program, within the ...
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| Date Aug. 27, 2014 |
Report No. IN10139 |
Title
CRS Insights The Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR) Susan B. Epstein, Specialist in Foreign Policy (sepstein@crs.loc.gov, 7-6678) Alex Tiersky, Analyst in Foreign Affairs (atiersky@crs.loc.gov, 7-7367) August 27, 2014 (IN10139) On April 22, 2014, Secretary of State Kerry announced the launch of the second Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR) saying, This is a review ...
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| Date Aug. 27, 2014 |
Report No. IN10140 |
Title
CRS Insights "Dark Pools" In Equity Trading: Significance and Recent Developments Gary Shorter, Specialist in Financial Economics (gshorter@crs.loc.gov, 7-7772) Rena S. Miller, Specialist in Financial Economics (rsmiller@crs.loc.gov, 7-0826) August 27, 2014 (IN10140) Dark pools are relatively recent and controversial electronic stock trading alternatives to traditional exchanges, such as the New ...
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| Date Aug. 27, 2014 |
Report No. IN101340 |
Title
CRS Insights "Dark Pools" In Equity Trading: Significance and Recent Developments Gary Shorter, Specialist in Financial Economics (gshorter@crs.loc.gov, 7-7772) Rena S. Miller, Specialist in Financial Economics (rsmiller@crs.loc.gov, 7-0826) August 27, 2014 (IN10140) Dark pools are relatively recent and controversial electronic stock trading alternatives to traditional exchanges, such as the New ...
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| Date Aug. 26, 2014 |
Report No. R43713 |
Title
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Right of Northwestern University Football Players to Unionize: Background and Related Issues August 26, 2014 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43713 The NLRB and the Right of Northwestern University Football Players to Unionize Summary In late January 2014, a group of students who play football for Northwestern ...
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| Date Aug. 26, 2014 |
Report No. R43362 |
Title
Reform of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Courts: Procedural and Operational Changes Andrew Nolan Legislative Attorney Richard M. Thompson II Legislative Attorney August 26, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43362 Reform of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Courts: Procedural and Operational Changes Summary Recent disclosures concerning the size and scope of the ...
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| Date Aug. 26, 2014 |
Report No. R40826 |
Title
Bills of Attainder: The Constitutional Implications of Congress Legislating Narrowly Kenneth R. Thomas Legislative Attorney August 26, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40826 Bills of Attainder: The Constitutional Implications of Congress Legislating Narrowly Summary On occasion, Congress exercises its legislative authority regarding a specified individual, entity, or ...
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| Date Aug. 25, 2014 |
Report No. R43118 |
Title
The Defense Production Act of 1950: History, Authorities, and Reauthorization Jared T. Brown Analyst in Emergency Management and Homeland Security Policy Daniel H. Else Specialist in National Defense August 25, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43118 The Defense Production Act of 1950: History, Authorities, and Reauthorization Summary The Defense Production Act (DPA) of 1950 ...
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| Date Aug. 22, 2014 |
Report No. R43692 |
Title
Overview of the Relationship between Federal Student Aid and Increases in College Prices name redacted Section Research Manager name redacted Specialist in Labor Economics name redacted Specialist in Education Policy August 22, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43692 The Relationship between Federal Student Aid and Increases in College Prices Summary College affordability is ...
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