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| Date Nov. 13, 2014 |
Report No. R43592 |
Title
Agriculture in the WTO Bali Ministerial Agreement Randy Schnepf Specialist in Agricultural Policy November 13, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43592 Agriculture in the WTO Bali Ministerial Agreement Summary At the World Trade Organization s (WTO s) Ninth Ministerial Conference in Bali, Indonesia, December 3-7, 2013, ministers adopted the so-called Bali Package a series of ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2014 |
Report No. IN10181 |
Title
CRS Insights President Obama's November 2014 Visit to China: The Bilateral Agreements Susan V. Lawrence, Specialist in Asian Affairs (slawrence@crs.loc.gov, 7-2577) Jane A. Leggett, Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy (jaleggett@crs.loc.gov, 7-9525) Wayne M. Morrison, Specialist in Asian Trade and Finance (wmorrison@crs.loc.gov, 7-7767) November 13, 2014 (IN10181) At times in 2014, China ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2014 |
Report No. IN10163 |
Title
CRS Insights Agriculture in the Bali Agreement: A Way Forward Randy Schnepf, Specialist in Agricultural Policy (rschnepf@crs.loc.gov, 7-4277) November 13, 2014 (IN10163) At the World Trade Organization's (WTO's) Ninth Ministerial Conference in Bali, Indonesia, December 37, 2013, ministers adopted the so-called Bali Package. The package has measures dealing with four principal categories: Trade ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2014 |
Report No. IN10179 |
Title
CRS Insights When Will DOD Modernize its Electronic Health Records Systems? Don J. Jansen, Specialist in Defense Health Care Policy (djansen@crs.loc.gov, 7-4769) November 13, 2014 (IN10179) In January 2013, the Departments of Defense (DOD) and Veterans Affairs (VA) announced that they would no longer pursue a joint single integrated electronic health record or iEHR. Instead, in a move described as ...
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| Date Nov. 13, 2014 |
Report No. IF00028 |
Title
November 13, 2014 The World Trade Organization at 20 Overview Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established on January 1, 1995, following the ratification of the Uruguay Round Agreements (URA). It succeeded the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was created in 1947 as a part of the post-WWII effort to build a stable, open international ...
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| Date Nov. 12, 2014 |
Report No. R43784 |
Title
FEMA s Disaster Declaration Process: A Primer Francis X. McCarthy Analyst in Emergency Management Policy November 12, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43784 FEMA s Disaster Declaration Process: A Primer Summary The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (referred to as the Stafford Act 42 U.S.C. 5721 et seq.) authorizes the President to issue major ...
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| Date Nov. 11, 2014 |
Report No. LS_2014-11-11_01 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Federal Taxation of Marijuana Sellers 11/6/2014 As several states have permitted the use of marijuana for medical and recreational uses, one question that arises is what are the federal income tax consequences for businesses that sell marijuana? There is no question that income from selling marijuana is taxable to the seller, regardless of whether such sale is legal or not under ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2014 |
Report No. R43778 |
Title
Medicaid Prescription Drug Pricing and Policy -name redactedAnalyst in Health Care Financing November 7, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43778 Medicaid Prescription Drug Pricing and Policy Summary Medicaid is a federal-state entitlement program that pays for health care and related services on behalf of certain low-income individuals. Prescription drugs are an optional ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2014 |
Report No. IN10176 |
Title
CRS Insights The Administration's Supplemental Request for Ebola and Other Infectious Diseases Sarah A. Lister, Specialist in Public Health and Epidemiology (slister@crs.loc.gov, 7-7320) November 7, 2014 (IN10176) On November 5, 2014, the Administration submitted to Congress its FY2015 "emergency appropriations" request for $6.18 billion "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to [the current Ebola ...
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| Date Nov. 7, 2014 |
Report No. DCAA |
Title
Legal Sidebar Could the Defense Contract Audit Agency Be Held Liable for Malpractice? Recently Filed Litigation Raises the Question Again 11/7/2014 Can the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) be held liable in tort to a federal contractor for alleged malpractice during an audit that helped deny the contractor reimbursement of costs later determined to be owed under the contract? This question may ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2014 |
Report No. R43124 |
Title
Expired and Expiring Temporary Tax Provisions ( Tax Extenders ) (name redacted) Specialist in Public Finance November 6, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43124 Expired and Expiring Temporary Tax Provisions ( Tax Extenders ) Summary Dozens of temporary tax provisions expired at the end of 2013, and several other temporary tax provisions are scheduled to expire at the end of ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2014 |
Report No. IF00053 |
Title
November 6, 2014 Cybersecurity Issues and Challenges the livelihood and safety of individual citizens. Thus, a rare attack with high impact can pose a much larger risk than a common attack with low impact. Overview Information and communications technology (ICT) is ubiquitous and increasingly integral to almost every facet of modern society. ICT devices and components are generally interdependent, ...
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| Date Nov. 6, 2014 |
Report No. TAXATION |
Title
Legal Sidebar Federal Taxation of Marijuana Sellers 11/6/2014 As several states have permitted the use of marijuana for medical and recreational uses, one question that arises is what are the federal income tax consequences for businesses that sell marijuana? There is no question that income from selling marijuana is taxable to the seller, regardless of whether such sale is legal or not under ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2014 |
Report No. R42936 |
Title
Unemployment Insurance: Legislative Issues in the 113th Congress Julie M. Whittaker Specialist in Income Security Katelin P. Isaacs Analyst in Income Security November 5, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42936 Unemployment Insurance: Legislative Issues in the 113th Congress Summary The 113th Congress continues to face numerous issues related to unemployment insurance ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2014 |
Report No. R40946 |
Title
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Block Grant: An Overview name redacted Specialist in Social Policy November 5, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R40946 The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Block Grant: An Overview Summary The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant provides grants to states, Indian tribes, and territories for a wide range ...
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| Date Nov. 5, 2014 |
Report No. R43777 |
Title
U.S. Geological Survey: Background, Appropriations, and Issues for Congress -name redactedSpecialist in Natural Resources Policy -name redactedSpecialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy November 5, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43777 U.S. Geological Survey: Background, Appropriations, and Issues for Congress Summary The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) aims to provide ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2014 |
Report No. R43320 |
Title
Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 113th Congress Andorra Bruno, Coordinator Specialist in Immigration Policy Jerome P. Bjelopera Specialist in Organized Crime and Terrorism Michael John Garcia Legislative Attorney William A. Kandel Analyst in Immigration Policy Margaret Mikyung Lee Legislative Attorney Alison Siskin Specialist in Immigration Policy Ruth Ellen Wasem Specialist in ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2014 |
Report No. R43472 |
Title
The Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2015 and Beyond Mindy R. Levit Specialist in Public Finance November 4, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43472 The Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2015 and Beyond Summary The federal budget is central to Congress s ability to exercise its power of the purse. Each fiscal year Congress and the President undertake a ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2014 |
Report No. R41158 |
Title
. Summary of the Small Business Health Insurance Tax Credit Under ACA Annie L. Mach Analyst in Health Care Financing Joy M. Grossman Section Research Manager November 4, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41158 Summary of the Small Business Health Insurance Tax Credit Under ACA . T his report provides a brief description of the small business health insurance tax credit as ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2014 |
Report No. IN10173 |
Title
CRS Insights Treating Ebola Patients in the United States: Health Care Delivery Implications Amanda K. Sarata, Specialist in Health Policy (asarata@crs.loc.gov, 7-7641) November 4, 2014 (IN10173) On September 30, 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed the first case of Ebola diagnosed in the United States. This patient was the first in the United States to be treated ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2014 |
Report No. IF00030 |
Title
November 4, 2014 Nigeria: Current Issues Nigeria is considered a key country in Africa because of its size and political and economic role in the region. The U.S. government considers its relationship with the country to be among the most important on the continent. Nigeria is Africa s largest economy, its largest oil producer, and its most populous country, with almost 180 million people, roughly ...
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| Date Nov. 4, 2014 |
Report No. RL31718 |
Title
Qatar: Background and U.S. Relations Christopher M. Blanchard Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs November 4, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL31718 Qatar: Background and U.S. Relations Summary Qatar, a small peninsular country in the Persian Gulf, emerged as a partner of the United States in the mid-1990s and currently serves as host to major U.S. military facilities. ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2014 |
Report No. R43775 |
Title
Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2009-2013 R. Eric Petersen Specialist in American National Government Lara E. Chausow Research Assistant Amber Hope Wilhelm Visual Information Specialist November 3, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43775 Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2009-2013 Summary This report provides pay ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2014 |
Report No. R43774 |
Title
Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators Offices, FY2009-FY2013 R. Eric Petersen Specialist in American National Government Lara E. Chausow Research Assistant Amber Hope Wilhelm Visual Information Specialist November 3, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43774 Staff Pay Levels for Selected Positions in Senators Offices, FY2009-FY2013 Summary This report provides pay ...
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| Date Nov. 3, 2014 |
Report No. IN10172 |
Title
CRS Insights EPA's Clean Power Plan Proposal: Are the Emission Rate Targets Front-Loaded? Jonathan L. Ramseur, Specialist in Environmental Policy (jramseur@crs.loc.gov, 7-7919) November 3, 2014 (IN10172) On June 18, 2014, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed regulations (the "Clean Power Plan") addressing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from existing fossil fuel-fired electric ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2014 |
Report No. R42779 |
Title
America COMPETES Acts: FY2008 to FY2013 Funding Tables Heather B. Gonzalez Specialist in Science and Technology Policy October 31, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42779 America COMPETES Acts: FY2008 to FY2013 Funding Tables Summary Changing economic, social, and political conditions at home and abroad have led some analysts to question whether the United States will remain ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2014 |
Report No. R43763 |
Title
The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): Legislation in the 113th Congress Updated October 31, 2014 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43763 The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): Legislation in the 113th Congress Summary The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a refundable tax credit available to eligible workers earning relatively low wages. (Because the credit is ...
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| Date Oct. 31, 2014 |
Report No. IF00062 |
Title
October 31, 2014 Leverage Ratios in Bank Capital Requirements This In Focus provides a summary of leverage ratios used in bank capital requirements. It also explains the concept of leverage and the rationale behind a leverage ratio. Leverage and the Financial Crisis What Is Leverage? A firm or individual can use debt (borrow) or their own funds (capital) to purchase assets. Generally, leverage is ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2014 |
Report No. R43771 |
Title
. Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP) Exchange Annie L. Mach Analyst in Health Care Financing Joy M. Grossman Section Research Manager October 30, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43771 Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP) Exchange . Summary The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) includes a number of provisions ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2014 |
Report No. RL32201 |
Title
Water Infrastructure Projects Designated in EPA Appropriations: Trends and Policy Implications Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy October 30, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32201 Water Infrastructure Projects Designated in EPA Appropriations Summary Designating funds within appropriations legislation for specified projects or locations has ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2014 |
Report No. IF00060 |
Title
October 30, 2014 U.S. Dairy Programs After the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) The 2014 farm bill makes significant changes to the structure of U.S. dairy support programs. In particular, major price and income support programs from the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246) were replaced with two new programs an insurance-like Margin Protection Program (MPP) for producers and a Dairy Product Donation Program ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2014 |
Report No. R43595 |
Title
Mobile Technology and Spectrum Policy: Innovation and Competition Linda K. Moore Specialist in Telecommunications Policy September 30, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43595 Mobile Technology and Spectrum Policy: Innovation and Competition Summary The convergence of Internet and mobile technologies has, within the last decade, transformed wireless communications and created ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2014 |
Report No. IF10195 |
Title
October 30, 2014 U.S. Dairy Programs After the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) The 2014 farm bill makes significant changes to the structure of U.S. dairy support programs. In particular, major price and income support programs from the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246) were replaced with two new programs an insurance-like Margin Protection Program (MPP) for producers and a Dairy Product Donation Program ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2014 |
Report No. IN10170 |
Title
CRS Insights How Will the Federal Reserve "Normalize" Monetary Policy After QE? Marc Labonte, Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy (mlabonte@crs.loc.gov, 7-0640) October 30, 2014 (IN10170) Since 2009, the Federal Reserve (Fed) has conducted three rounds of what it calls "Large Scale Asset Purchases," which is popularly referred to as "quantitative easing" (QE), in an effort to reduce longterm ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2014 |
Report No. SPOUSE |
Title
Legal Sidebar Can Marriage Conquer Consular Nonreviewability for a Spouse s Visa Denial? 10/30/2014 In essence, this is the question that the U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to answer by taking the case of Kerry v. Din . In Kerry, Fauzia Din, a U.S. citizen, asks the Court to recognize marriage as a constitutionally protected interest of a U.S. citizen which can trigger limited judicial review of ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2014 |
Report No. ANYSTAGE |
Title
Legal Sidebar State Considers Amendment to Protect Human Life at Any Stage of Development 10/30/2014 Next week, voters in North Dakota will consider a proposal that would amend the state constitution to address the right to life. If adopted, the North Dakota constitution would state: The inalienable right to life of every human being at any stage of development must be recognized and protected. ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2014 |
Report No. LS_2014-10-30_01 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Can Marriage Conquer Consular Nonreviewability for a Spouse s Visa Denial? 10/30/2014 In essence, this is the question that the U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to answer by taking the case of Kerry v. Din . In Kerry, Fauzia Din, a U.S. citizen, asks the Court to recognize marriage as a constitutionally protected interest of a U.S. citizen which can trigger limited judicial review of ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2014 |
Report No. IF00061 |
Title
October 30, 2014 QRM: Risk Retention and the Mortgage Market In October 2014, federal regulators issued a final rule implementing the credit risk retention (CRR) requirement of Section 941 of the Dodd-Frank Act (DFA). The CRR rule applies to many different types of asset-backed securities (ABS), including ABS backed by student loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, and other asset classes. ...
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| Date Oct. 30, 2014 |
Report No. IF10204 |
Title
October 30, 2014 QRM: Risk Retention and the Mortgage Market In October 2014, federal regulators issued a final rule implementing the credit risk retention (CRR) requirement of Section 941 of the Dodd-Frank Act (DFA). The CRR rule applies to many different types of asset-backed securities (ABS), including ABS backed by student loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, and other asset classes. ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2014 |
Report No. R41860 |
Title
Child Welfare: Funding for Child and Family Services Authorized Under Title IV-B of the Social Security Act (name redacted) Specialist in Social Policy October 29, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R41860 Child Welfare: Funding for Services Under Title IV-B of the Social Security Act Summary Children depend on adults usually their parents to protect, support, and nurture them ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2014 |
Report No. R43697 |
Title
U.S. and International Health Responses to the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa Tiaji Salaam-Blyther Specialist in Global Health October 29, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43697 U.S. and International Health Responses to the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa Summary In March 2014, an Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak was reported in Guinea, West Africa. The outbreak is the first ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2014 |
Report No. R43066 |
Title
Federal Funding for Health Insurance Exchanges Annie L. Mach Analyst in Health Care Financing C. Stephen Redhead Specialist in Health Policy October 29, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43066 Federal Funding for Health Insurance Exchanges Summary Pursuant to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148, as amended), a health insurance exchange has been ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2014 |
Report No. BANKRUPT |
Title
Legal Sidebar Bankruptcy for Marijuana Businesses? 10/29/2014 Much ink has been spilled about the disparity between state and federal marijuana laws and the resulting risks to individuals and companies in or providing services to medical and recreational marijuana businesses that operate legally under the laws of more than 20 states even while such activities remain unlawful under federal law. ...
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| Date Oct. 29, 2014 |
Report No. LS_2014-10-29_01 |
Title
Legal Sidebar Bankruptcy for Marijuana Businesses? 10/29/2014 Much ink has been spilled about the disparity between state and federal marijuana laws and the resulting risks to individuals and companies in or providing services to medical and recreational marijuana businesses that operate legally under the laws of more than 20 states even while such activities remain unlawful under federal law. ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2014 |
Report No. IF00057 |
Title
October 28, 2014 The WTO Brazil-U.S. Cotton Case World Trade Organization (WTO) rules covering agricultural trade and domestic support programs for agriculture have played a large role in shaping current U.S. cotton policy. This paper summarizes cotton policy changes and how they came about in the so-called WTO cotton case brought by Brazil against U.S. cotton support programs. Figure 2. Value of ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2014 |
Report No. IF10193 |
Title
October 28, 2014 The WTO Brazil-U.S. Cotton Case World Trade Organization (WTO) rules covering agricultural trade and domestic support programs for agriculture have played a large role in shaping current U.S. cotton policy. This paper summarizes cotton policy changes and how they came about in the so-called WTO cotton case brought by Brazil against U.S. cotton support programs. Figure 2. Value of ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2014 |
Report No. OUTBREAK |
Title
Legal Sidebar The Ebola Outbreak: Quarantine and Isolation Authority 10/28/2014 Recent quarantine policies announced by several states, including New York and New Jersey, for travelers arriving from areas affected by the outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease have raised legal and constitutional questions about federal and state authority to order quarantine and isolation measures. Both the federal and ...
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| Date Oct. 28, 2014 |
Report No. LS_2014-10-28_01 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The Ebola Outbreak: Quarantine and Isolation Authority 10/28/2014 Recent quarantine policies announced by several states, including New York and New Jersey, for travelers arriving from areas affected by the outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease have raised legal and constitutional questions about federal and state authority to order quarantine and isolation measures. Both the federal and ...
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| Date Oct. 27, 2014 |
Report No. IF00058 |
Title
October 27, 2014 Drought Policy, Response, and Preparedness Congress and other federal, state, and local policymakers are considering whether to maintain or alter current drought policies and programs. At issue are how to prepare for and respond to drought; how to coordinate actions and assign responsibilities; and who bears the costs of impacts, disaster response, and long-term adjustment to ...
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| Date Oct. 27, 2014 |
Report No. R40594 |
Title
Landsat: Overview and Issues for Congress Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy October 27, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40594 Landsat: Overview and Issues for Congress Summary On February 11, 2013, NASA launched Landsat 8, a remote sensing satellite jointly operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and NASA. Landsat 8 is the latest in a series of ...
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