| Date |
Report No. |
Title |
| Date June 21, 2011 |
Report No. GAO-11-631 |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
June 2011 Report to Congressional Committees MILITARY CASH INCENTIVES DOD Should Coordinate and Monitor Its Efforts to Achieve CostEffective Bonuses and Special Pays GAO-11-631 June 2011 MILITARY CASH INCENTIVES
Accountability • Integrity • Reliability DOD Should Coordinate and Monitor Its Efforts to Achieve Cost-Effective Bonuses and Special ... |
| Date March 18, 2011 |
Report No. GAO-11-474R |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548 March 18, 2011 Congressional Addressees: Subject: List of Selected Federal Programs That Have Similar or Overlapping Objectives, Provide Similar Services, or Are Fragmented Across Government Missions This report supplements our March 1, 2011, report Opportunities to Reduce Potential Duplication in Government Programs, Save Tax Dol... |
| Date March 3, 2011 |
Report No. GAO-11-441T |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
For Release on Delivery Expected at 9:30 a.m. EST Thursday, March 3, 2011 Testimony Before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Opportunities to Reduce Potential Duplication in Government Programs, Save Tax Dollars, and Enhance Revenue
Statement of Gene L. Dodaro Comptroller General of the United States GAO-11-441T Mr. Chairman, ... |
| Date March 1, 2011 |
Report No. GAO-11-318SP |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
March 2011 Report to Congressional Addressees Opportunities to Reduce Potential Duplication in Government Programs, Save Tax Dollars, and Enhance Revenue GAO-11-318SP Contents Letter Section I GAO Identified Areas of Potential Duplication, Overlap, and Fragmentation, Which, if Effectively Addressed, Could Provide Financial and Other Benefits 1 5 S... |
| Date June 3, 2010 |
Report No. GAO-10-803R |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548 June 3, 2010 The Honorable Jim Webb Chairman Subcommittee on Personnel Committee on Armed Services United States Senate Subject: Questions for the Record Related to Military Compensation Dear Mr. Chairman: It was a pleasure to appear before your subcommittee on April 28, 2010, to discuss current issues related to military compensa... |
| Date April 28, 2010 |
Report No. GAO-10-666T |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
For Release on Delivery Expected at 10:00 a.m. EDT Wednesday, April 28, 2010 Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Personnel, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate MILITARY PERSONNEL Comparisons between Military and Civilian Compensation Can be Useful, but Data Limitations Prevent Exact Comparisons
Statement of Brenda S. Farrell, Director Defens... |
| Date April 1, 2010 |
Report No. GAO-10-561R |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548 April 1, 2010 Congressional Committees Subject: Military Personnel: Military and Civilian Pay Comparisons Present Challenges and Are One of Many Tools in Assessing Compensation The Department of Defense’s (DOD) military compensation package, which is a myriad of pays and benefits, is an important tool to attract and retain the n... |
| Date Feb. 24, 2010 |
Report No. GAO-10-450T |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
For Release on Delivery Expected at 2:00 p.m. EST Wednesday, February 24, 2010 Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs, Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, House of Representatives VETERANS’ DISABILITY BENEFITS Opportunities Remain for Improving Accountability for and Access to Benefits Delivery at Discharge... |
| Date Nov. 13, 2009 |
Report No. GAO-10-62 |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
November 2009 Report to Congressional Committees MILITARY AND VETERANS’ BENEFITS Analysis of VA Compensation Levels for Survivors of Veterans and Servicemembers GAO-10-62 November 2009 MILITARY AND VETERANS’ BENEFITS Highlights
Highlights of GAO-10-62, a report to congressional committees Accountability Integrity Reliability Analysis of VA Com... |
| Date July 6, 2009 |
Report No. GAO-09-726R |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548 July 6, 2009 Congressional Committees Subject: Military Personnel: Reserve Compensation Has Increased Significantly and Is Likely to Rise Further as DOD and VA Prepare for the Implementation of Enhanced Educational Benefits Compensation has been an important tool used by the military services to attract and retain qualified people... |
| Date June 23, 2009 |
Report No. GAO-09-688R |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548 June 23, 2009 Congressional Committees Subject: Military Personnel: Reserve Component Servicemembers on Average Earn More Income while Activated Since September 2001, the Department of Defense (DOD) has relied heavily on the reserve component 1 primarily in support of ongoing contingency operations for the Global War on Terrorism,... |
| Date June 20, 2007 |
Report No. GAO-07-828 |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
June 2007 Report to Congressional Committees MILITARY PERSONNEL DOD Needs to Establish a Strategy and Improve Transparency over Reserve and National Guard Compensation to Manage Significant Growth in Cost GAO-07-828 June 2007 MILITARY PERSONNEL Highlights
Highlights of GAO-07-828, a report to congressional committees Accountability Integrity Relia... |
| Date June 20, 2007 |
Report No. GAO-07-984 |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
For Release on Delivery Expected at 10:30 a.m. EDT Wednesday, June 20, 2007 Testimony Before the Commission on the National Guard and Reserves GUARD AND RESERVE PERSONNEL Fiscal, Security, and Human Capital Challenges Should be Considered in Developing a Revised Business Model for the Reserve Component
Statement of David M. Walker Comptroller Gene... |
| Date Sept. 28, 2006 |
Report No. GAO-06-1011 |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
September 2006 Report to Congressional Committees MILITARY PERSONNEL Actions Needed to Strengthen Management of Imminent Danger Pay and Combat Zone Tax Relief Benefits GAO-06-1011 September 2006 MILITARY PERSONNEL Highlights
Highlights of GAO-06-1011, a report to congressional committees Accountability Integrity Reliability Actions Needed to Stren... |
| Date Sept. 22, 2006 |
Report No. GAO-06-1010 |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
September 2006 Report to Congressional Committees MILITARY PERSONNEL DOD Needs an Oversight Framework and Standards to Improve Management of Its Casualty Assistance Programs GAO-06-1010 a September 2006 MILITARY PERSONNEL Highlights
Highlights of GAO-06-1010, a report to congressional committees Accountability Integrity Reliability DOD Needs an Ov... |
| Date July 19, 2005 |
Report No. GAO-05-798 |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
July 2005 Report to Congressional Committees MILITARY PERSONNEL DOD Needs to Improve the Transparency and Reassess the Reasonableness, Appropriateness, Affordability, and Sustainability of Its Military Compensation System GAO-05-798 a July 2005 MILITARY PERSONNEL Highlights
Highlights of GAO-05-798, a report to congressional committees Accountabil... |
| Date July 20, 2004 |
Report No. GAO-04-990T |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
For Release on Delivery Expected at 2 p.m. EST Tuesday, July 20, 2004 Testimony
Before the House Committee on Government Reform, Subcommittee on Government Efficiency and Financial Management, House of Representatives MILITARY PAY Army Reserve Soldiers Mobilized to Active Duty Experienced Significant Pay Problems
Gregory D. Kutz Director, Financia... |
| Date June 25, 2004 |
Report No. GAO-04-805 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
June 2004 Report to Congressional Committees MILITARY PERSONNEL DOD Has Not Implemented the High Deployment Allowance That Could Compensate Servicemembers Deployed Frequently for Short Periods GAO-04-805 June 2004 MILITARY PERSONNEL DOD Has Not Implemented the High Deployment Allowance That Could Compensate Servicemembers Deployed Frequently for Short Pe... |
| Date May 7, 2004 |
Report No. GAO-04-721R |
Title
United States General Accounting Office Washington, DC 20548 May 7, 2004 The Honorable Charles E. Grassley Chairman The Honorable Max S. Baucus Ranking Minority Member Committee on Finance United States Senate The Honorable Mark Pryor United States Senate Subject: Military Personnel: Active Duty Compensation and Its Tax Treatment The Department of Defense’s (DOD) total military compensation pack... |
| Date March 19, 2003 |
Report No. GAO-03-573T |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
For Release on Delivery Expected at 3 p.m. EST Wednesday, March 19, 2003 Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Personnel, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate MILITARY PERSONNEL Preliminary Observations Related to Income, Benefits, and Employer Support for Reservists During Mobilizations
Statement for the Record by Derek B. Stewart, Director, Defense ... |
| Date March 19, 2003 |
Report No. GAO-03-549T |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
For Release on Delivery Expected at 2 p.m. EST Wednesday, March 19, 2003 Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Total Force, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives MILITARY PERSONNEL Preliminary Observations Related to Income, Benefits, and Employer Support for Reservists During Mobilizations
Statement of Derek B. Stewart, Director, Defense ... |
| Date Sept. 18, 2002 |
Report No. GAO-02-935 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
September 2002 Report to the Subcommittee on Personnel, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate MILITARY PERSONNEL Active Duty Benefits Reflect Changing Demographics, but Opportunities Exist to Improve GAO-02-935 a Contents Letter 1 Results in Brief 2 Background 3 DOD’s Benefits Reflect Demographic Changes in the Active Force 4 DOD Offers Wide Array o... |
| Date March 8, 2000 |
Report No. T-NSIAD-00-110 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
For Release on Delivery Expected at 1:00 p.m. Wednesday March 8, 2000 Testimony
Before the Subcommittee on Military Personnel, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives MILITARY PERSONNEL Preliminary Results of DOD’s 1999 Survey of Active Duty Members
Statement of Norman J. Rabkin, Director, National Security Preparedness Issues, National S... |
| Date Feb. 25, 1999 |
Report No. T-NSIAD-99-94 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
For Release on Delivery Expected at 10:00 a.m., EST Thursday, February 25, 1999 Testimony
Before the Subcommittee on Military Personnel, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives MILITARY RETIREMENT Proposed Changes Warrant Careful Analysis
Statement of Mark E. Gebicke, Director, Military Operations and Capabilities Issues, National Security ... |
| Date Oct. 29, 1997 |
Report No. T-GGD-98-22 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
For Release on Delivery Expected at 9:30 a.m., EST Wednesday Oct. 29, 1997 Testimony
Before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, U.S. Senate NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Issues on the Civilianization of the Commissioned Corps
Statement by L. Nye Stevens Director, Federal Management and Workforce Issues General Govern... |
| Date April 4, 1997 |
Report No. NSIAD-97-127BR |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
April 1997 Briefing Report to the Chairman, Committee on National Security House of Representatives DEFENSE BUDGET Observations on Infrastructure Activities GAO/NSIAD-97-127BR GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-276573 April 4, 1997 The Honorable Floyd D. Spence Chairma... |
| Date March 13, 1997 |
Report No. T-AIMD/GGD-97-63 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
For Release on Delivery Expected at 1 p.m. Thursday, March 13, 1997 Testimony
Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science, House of Representatives NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Weather Service Modernization and NOAA Corps Issues
Statement of Joel C. Willemssen Director, Information Resources Management Accou... |
| Date Nov. 15, 1996 |
Report No. NSIAD-97-17 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
November 1996 Report to the Honorable Douglas (Pete) Peterson, House of Representatives MILITARY RETIREMENT Possible Changes Merit Further Evaluation G A O years
1921 - 1996 GAO/NSIAD-97-17 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-275254 November 15, 1996 The Honorable Dougl... |
| Date Oct. 31, 1996 |
Report No. GGD-97-10 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
October 1996 Report to Congressional Requesters FEDERAL PERSONNEL Issues on the Need for NOAA’s Commissioned Corps G A O years
1921 - 1996 GAO/GGD-97-10 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 General Government Division B-270666 October 31, 1996 The Honorable Lamar Smith House of Representatives The Honorable John R. Kasich ... |
| Date May 7, 1996 |
Report No. GGD-96-55 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
May 1996 Report to Congressional Requesters FEDERAL PERSONNEL Issues on the Need for the Public Health Service’s Commissioned Corps G A O years
1921 - 1996 GAO/GGD-96-55 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 General Government Division B-270284 May 7, 1996 The Honorable Lamar Smith House of Representatives The Honorable Joh... |
| Date Nov. 6, 1995 |
Report No. NSIAD-96-42 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
November 1995 Report to Congressional Committees RETENTION BONUSES More Direction and Oversight Needed GAO/NSIAD-96-42 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-259744.2 November 24, 1995 The Honorable Robert K. Dornan Chairman The Honorable Owen B. Pickett Ranking Minority M... |
| Date June 2, 1995 |
Report No. NSIAD-95-97 |
Title
u h ;. ‘ :I ., /’ I , : ’ G-0 ;t;~;;ingge -., -*
B-260797 June 2, 1995 - National Security and International Afkirs Division The Honorable Robert K Dornan Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Personnel Committee on National Security House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: This report responds to your request that we assess how the military drawdown has affected the services’ ability to s... |
| Date Oct. 14, 1994 |
Report No. NSIAD-95-30 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
October 1994 Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Forces and Personnel, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives AVIATION CONTINUATION PAY Some Bonuses Are Inappropriate Because of Prior Service Obligations GAO/NSIAD-95-30 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affai... |
| Date Nov. 24, 1993 |
Report No. HRD-94-6 |
Title
.’ ” . I. ., 1 : ; ,: .1 ” ,. ,;, i ,, ‘ , , “. ‘ .‘ . . .. ., 1; . /.’ ‘ , ’ ’ ‘ ,,“ .: ! :, ‘ .
: :.. ” . ..:’ ‘ , ’ . ,, ‘ . ‘ .. 2. ,. : 1: ~’ ,I :’ : ’ Human Resources Division B-254134 November 24,1993 The Honorable Frank H. Murkowski Ranking Minority Member Committee on Veterans’Affairs United States Senate Dear Senator Murkowsld: In response... |
| Date Nov. 19, 1987 |
Report No. NSIAD-88-67BR |
Title
._ 2 ..Y-! - py.s..,.. i A\ I. :.;’ ,. : ” Ilmtingm - ‘ et 1 * L: ‘ r - i. ,, -L?$ :. ‘ . twbae~&mdAaed .’ Brietig Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate
November 1987 MILITARY COMPENSATION Comparison With Federal Civil Service Compensation :
# ” I i GAO Lrnited States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C... |
| Date Aug. 5, 1987 |
Report No. NSIAD-87-162 |
Title
i - United States General Accounting Office GAO
- Report toLCongressional Requesters August 1987 MILITARY PERSONNEL Options to Implement Officer Reductions - GAO/NSIAD-87462 GAO United Stqtes General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-226453 August 5, 1987 The Honorable Sam Nunn Chairman, Senate Armed Services Committee United States Sen... |
| Date June 19, 1986 |
Report No. NSIAD-86-113 |
Title
. , 3AO
lune 19HQ ,----- United States’Gene:al Accounting Office Report to the Subcommittee on Manpower and Personnel, Committee on Armed Services United States Senate MILITARY COMPENSATION SelectedOccupational Comparisons With Civilian Compensation I -~ (’ I.*‘, l’i” .“, ;AO/NStAD-86-113 -118 - ---------_--~--~ I 3AO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 Natio... |
| Date June 5, 1986 |
Report No. NSIAD-86-131BR |
Title
“. .._.._...._ ~~~~~?2E~M~s~!~n~ mfice L3Q!cxx ___.__. .- “.““_ _,.____. .-__._-__,_ ~Jded ...._.. -Bricfng Report to the Chairman Committee on the Budget House of Representatives Jrilw I!Mi MILITA COMPENSATION Comparisons With Civilian Compensation and Related Issues III111111 I
130066 _.. _.. NSIAIh%-l3lI~1(: . . _. _. - . ..- .-.- ..- --- -.. ..--. ..-. .- UNITED STATES GENERAL ACGOUNTI... |
| Date Jan. 10, 1986 |
Report No. NSIAD-86-11 |
Title
8t 9t 9L 99 E9 z9 z9 P JwJW3 taslla 3m sm mm CXI’Id tD+Eld
UVISN 3219 od9
a99 ov3 I3Q aoa ma ma vmo VN3 AAV VdllV 9 a9*d 01as-d .le!Jnq pue ‘a3ueJnsu! a686~ow ‘aouejs!ss~ ~801 aluou ~04 s~uawIed apnw lou saop i! ‘slyeuaq leuotiempa pue ‘uo!~esuadtuoo ,sue~a)ah JOI uo!~s~)s!u!tupv sue~atal\ Aq s~ueurhd sapnlw! I! uhouw saly)eJfi q)eap pue ‘samemolv aweuayeur 6u!~~op ‘sammo~~e uogweda... |
| Date Dec. 5, 1985 |
Report No. 128624 |
Title
FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY EXPECTED AT 1:3O Thursday, p.m. 5, 1985 December UNITED STATES GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE Washington, D.C. STATEMENT OF MARTIN M FERBER, ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIVISION BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON MANPOWERAND PERSONNEL SENATE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES ON PROPOSALS TO CHANGE/THE .o MILITARY RETIREMENT SYSTEM Mr. Chairman and Members of... |
| Date May 29, 1985 |
Report No. HRD-85-38 |
Title
. I L , BY THEU.S.GENERALACCOUNTING OFFICE
Report To The Secretary Of Defense And The Administrator Of Veterans Affairs VA Can Reduce Excess Disability I Payments By Improving Pay Data ; Exchange With The Military Services
Federal law requires that the Veterans Administration (VA) withhold disability benefits whenever a veteran reenlists in the active military service. GAO found that disabled vete... |
| Date April 21, 1983 |
Report No. 121171 |
Title
L U.S. GENERALACCOUNTING OFFICE W A S H INGTON,D.C. . . FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY Expected at 9:30 a.m . Thursday, April 21, 1983 S T A T E M E N TOF . . DR. KENNETHJ. COFFEY ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR (MILITARY PERSONNEL) FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND COMPENSATION DIVISION . BEFORE THE S U B C O M M ITTEE DEFENSE ON HOUSEC O M M ITTEEON APPROPRIATIONs ON r M ILITARY PERSONNEL ISSUES M r. Chairman -and Members of t... |
| Date Oct. 12, 1982 |
Report No. FPCD-83-17 |
Title
8, 9 ST”CV*ikTHE STAFF THEU.St OF G eneral Accounting Office
Mi litary Personnel ksues: M i Inaging And Compensating Th 3 Armed Forces
y personnel irrusrr will continue to a considerable interart in the 198Orr onrsqucsnce of the Admlnlrtration’r to rxpand and modsmizo the Armed B. Budget outlay8 for military pay and Itr in fircal year 1982 are expected to sch $60 billion, or over 31 percent ,o... |
| Date Nov. 19, 1981 |
Report No. 116873 |
Title
i/6833
U.S. GEN\JSR.rlL 4CCOUNTI3S IOFFICE mS3I&ON, D.C. Illlllllllll~~lllllllllulllll
LM116873 FOR RELZASS ON DELIVERY Expected at 13:OO a.m. Thursday, Nove;nber 13, 1381 STATE,WNT 3F DR. XEWNXTB J. COFFEY ASSOCIATE DIRECTCR (WLITARY) FEDERAL PERS3N:dEL AND COWSNSATI3N DIVISI3N BEFOR TBE SUSC394ITTEE ON 3lANPOWERAND PERS3WEL SENATE COM?lITTEE ON ARXVIED SERVICES
ON I THE US2 OF ?lONE'TAXY RZCXJIT... |
| Date April 15, 1981 |
Report No. HRD-81-75 |
Title
UNITED STATES GENERAL ACCOUNTINGOFFICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20548 April The Nonarable John H. Moxley III Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) Dear Mr. Moxleyt Subject: 15, 1981 New Claim Forms and Changes in Administrative Procedures May Increase Improper CHAMPUS PaymentsT(HRD-81-75) In a March 16, 1979, letter to the Secretary of Defense (HRD-79-58), we reported that internal control proce... |
| Date Dec. 31, 1980 |
Report No. FPCD-81-21 |
Title
. REPORT TkiEUS. BY p-3 1 I I General Accounting Office
Preliminary Analysis Of Military Compensation Systems In The United States And Five Other Countries
This study of the military pay systems and practices in the United States and five other countries--Australia, Canada, France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom--indicates that there are major differences among these countries. United States... |
| Date Dec. 9, 1980 |
Report No. FPCD-81-27 |
Title
the General Accousfting Oafice except on the baSiS of specific appWval ._. -by the Office of Congressional Rsiationr. _____-JECT~ A p&& to be released outsIde IIYV3-l UNITEDSTATES GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE RELEASED WASHINGTON,
FEDERAL PERSONNEL AN0 COMPENSATION DIVISION D.C. 20548 DECEMBER 9.1980 E-201405 . The Iionorable Sam Nunn Chairman, Subcommittee on Manpower and Fersonnel Senate Committee o... |
| Date Nov. 10, 1980 |
Report No. B-170232 |
Title
-. '
: ' i ,*;,
^ ' COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES
WASHINGTON D.C. C254a. B-170232 November 10, 1980 The Honorable Melvin Price Chairman, Committee on Armed Services House of Representatives The Honorable Bob Wilson Ranking Minority Member Committee on Armed Services House of Representatives Your letter of September 17, 1980, about our work in the Aside military compensation area was qui... |
| Date Aug. 16, 1979 |
Report No. HRD-79-107 |
Title
BY THECOMPTROLLERGENERAL ’ OF THEUNITEDSTATES rllQi& llnillilllllllllllllillllllllllll
LM110156 Report ToThe Congress
i Military Medicine Is In Trouble: Complete Reassessment Needed
Largely because of an insufficient number of physicians, the ability of the military’s direct medical care system to deliver care in peacetime is seriously impaired. Some medical services have been substantially cu... |
| Date May 9, 1979 |
Report No. FPCD-79-11 |
Title
OF THE UNITED STATES - Should Act ilitary n Principles
For 12 years, the military compensation system has been extensively analyzed by study groups that have proposed various changes. However, the Department of Defense, the military services, and the Office of Management and Budget have not been able to agree on the principles and policies which should guide the setting, adjusting, and monitoring ... |
