Date |
Report No. |
Title |
Date May 11, 1983 |
Report No. AFMD-83-24 |
Title
_ I8,I dl /gCfbY’;) ea%F UNITEDSTATES GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE,
D.C. 20548 WASHINGTON, ACCOUNTlNa MANAGEMENT AND FW.JAx,& Dl,,,SlO,, MAY 11,1983 B-210581 The Honorable United States Dear Senator Subject: Lloyd M. Bentsen ' 121645 System Reported Employees -- Senate Bentsen: Problems with Uniform Payroll 'by Department of Transportation (GAO/AFMD-83-24) ' As requested in your letter of May 3, 19... |
Date Feb. 25, 1983 |
Report No. 120638 |
Title
/, . United States General Accounting Washington, D.C. 20548 Office FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY EXPECTEDAT 9:OO a.m. February 25, 1983 STATEMENT OF W ILLIAM J. ANDERSON GENERALGOVERNMENT DIVISION BEFORETHE SUBCOMMITTEE GOVERNMENT ON INFORMATION, JUSTICE, AND AGRICULTURE HOUSECOMMITTEEON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS ' ON Y'INTERDEPARTMENTAL COOPERATIONOF DRUG ENFORCEMENT PROGRAMS
.. 120638 Mr. Chairman and Me... |
Date Feb. 17, 1983 |
Report No. 120616 |
Title
‘. . * ‘- . I S U M M A R Y S T A T E M E N T O F W IL L IA M J. A N D E R S O N G E N E R A L G O V B R N H E N T D IV IS IO N U .S . G E N E R A LA C C O U N T IN GO F F IC E B E F O R ET H E S U B C O M M I T T E E N C R IM E O H O U S E C O M M I T T E EO N T H E J U D IC IA R Y O N D R U G E N F O R C E M E NC O O R D IN A T IO N T c o u n try is a persiste n t o f illicit 1) * D r u g a ... |
Date Jan. 13, 1983 |
Report No. PLRD-83-13 |
Title
Consolidation Of United States Information Agency Activities In Washington, D.C.
The United States Information Agency will consolidate about 90 percent of its headquarters employees in three adjacent buildings at 4th and C Streets, SW. This consolidation should result in more eff icient agency operations and space utilization and in savings. Alterations costing $585,000 were recently completed at ... |
Date Jan. 6, 1983 |
Report No. GGD-83-9 |
Title
|
Date Sept. 21, 1982 |
Report No. AFMD-82-54 |
Title
RESJRFCTED
Accounting -, Not to be released outside the Peiierbl Office except on the basis of specific approval _... f , REPORT THE BY OF THE UNITED STATES RELEASED Comptroller General
Strong Central Management Of Office Automation Will Boost Productivity
Office automation has the potential to improve the productivity of Federal managers, professionals, and clerical workers. Federal agencies plan... |
Date July 30, 1982 |
Report No. PLRD-82-106 |
Title
UNITED STATESGENERALAcC0uNTlt4~ OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20548 PROCUREMENT, AND READINESS WOISTICS. DLVISION B-208246 The Honorable Frank R. Wolf House of Representatives Dear Mr. Wolf: Subject: Transfer of Offices of the Government Printing Office from Virginia to Laurel, Maryland,'t(GAO/PLRD-82-106) JULY 30,199z Your April 14, 1982, letter asked us to investigate the proposed move of offices of t... |
Date June 4, 1982 |
Report No. PLRD-82-82 |
Title
UWED STATES GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20548 PRDCURCMLM. AND READINESS LoWSTlCS, DIVISION B-207382 JUNE4,1982 The Honorable Administrator Dear Mr. Gerald P. Carmen of General Services
118522 Carmen: GSA Needs To Improve New Item Introductory (GAO/PLRD-82-82) the Management of Schedule Program Its Subject: The New Item Introductory Schedule (NIIS) program provides contractors a way ... |
Date May 21, 1982 |
Report No. CED-82-69 |
Title
BYTHEUS GENERALACCOUNTING OFFICE
Report To The Secretary Of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Act Inspections Should Be Administered By Single USDA Agency
Responsibility within the Department of Agriculture for food inspection and grading services is divided between the Agricultural Marketing Service and the Federal Grain Inspection Service. Each performs similar functions but for different commo... |
Date May 19, 1982 |
Report No. PART-82-1 |
Title
,Performance Evaluation Of The Energy Information Administration
Department of Energy PART-82-l MAY 19,1982 . OVERVIEW As an independent organization within the Department of Energy, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) provides objective and credible information and analyses needed for energy deliberations and decisionmaking. In has the past year, the administration reduced and reoriented ... |
Date April 28, 1982 |
Report No. CED-82-81 |
Title
Report To The Chairman Committee On Government House Of Representatives RELEASED Operations OF THE UNITED STATES
Department Of Commerce Could Save $24.6 Million By Modifying Computer Procurement Actions
The National Bureau of Standards and the Environmental Research Laboratories-both part of the Department of Commerce-need more computer capability to support scientific workloads. Because of the si... |
Date Jan. 18, 1982 |
Report No. CED-82-32 |
Title
WASMINGIIT)N, D.C. 2#48 January 18, 1982 “flEASED E-206096 The Honorable Morris K. Wall Chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs U.S. Bouse of Representatives . Ill Ill
117435 ’ II Dear Mr.
Subject: Chairman : I’m ,,,,,,,,,,, Reorganization Department of of the the Office of Surface Interior (CED-82-32) Mining, Your July 23, 1981, letter asked us to review the proposed reorganizat... |
Date Sept. 18, 1981 |
Report No. HRD-81-148 |
Title
. JELEASEII
/&\ ,:_ ;“e> I; ‘:
j:; yhzAf’,i’ ,;: c .. ,;,;: \ ‘+9&g RE§TRICTEB - hlQ* to be released outside the flWQUf¶tif. + 8t-- ,?I: @XCept 072 Pke baGiS Qf specific by the Office of Congressional Relations. General approval UNITED STATES GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20548 -/ HUMAN RESOURCES DIVISION B-204572 SEPTEMBER 18,198l The Honorable and Alan J, United States C... |
Date June 24, 1981 |
Report No. EMD-81-76 |
Title
REPORTBY THE Comptroller General
OF THE UNITEDSTATES Further Evaluation Of The Proposed Interim Consolidation Of The Nuclear Regulatory Commission
The Chairman and the Ranking Minority Member, House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, asked GAO to answer nine questions on the proposed interim consolidation of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). These questions sought additional informa... |
Date March 4, 1981 |
Report No. EMD-81-57 |
Title
COMPTROLLER QENERAL WA%HINOTON OF D.C. THE UNITED STATES 2%%4% b-202281 MARCH 4,1981 The Honorable United States Edward M. Kennedy Senate 114695 The Honorable Charles H. Percy Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Government Processes Committee on Governmental Affairs United States Senate Subject:
Tq I " 'Xeorganization of Energy Contingency Planning Holds Promise-- But Quest... |
Date Feb. 25, 1981 |
Report No. EMD-81-54 |
Title
UNITED STATES GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20548 LNCROY AN0 MINERALS DIVISION B-202060 FEBRUARY 25,198l The Honorable John J. Duncan House of Representatives Dear Xr. Duncan: ost Impacts of Reorganizations at the Tennessee Valley Authority (END-81-54) 3 You requested that we review the operating costs of some organizational units within the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and determ... |
Date Jan. 27, 1981 |
Report No. LCD-81-21 |
Title
GAO
United States General Accounting Office Washington, DC 20548 B-201561 Logistics and Communications Division
JANUARY 27,198l The The The The The The The The The The The The The Honorablet,'qom Corcoran, House of Representatives HonorableiDaniel B. Crane, House of Representatives Honorable; Philip M. Crane, House of Representatives House of Representatives HonorableEdward J. Derwinski, House of ... |
Date Sept. 11, 1980 |
Report No. EMD-80-118 |
Title
COMPTROLLER GENERAL WASHlNGTON OF D.C. THE UNITED 20548 STATES B-200163 September The Honorable Warren Magnuson Chairman, Committee on hppropriations United States Senate The Honorable Jamie Whitten Chairman, Committee on Appropriations House of Representatives Subject: Interim Consolidation of F- roposed the Nuclear Regulatory Commission J (EMD-80-118) 11, 1980 lillllllll III I
113307 This report... |
Date Sept. 5, 1980 |
Report No. LCD-80-92 |
Title
Report To The Secretary Of Defense Consolidating Military Base Support Services Could Save Billions
Base support services--administering civilian personnel, disposing of trash and sewage, maintaining property, etc.--are those activities necessary for the daily functioning of a military base, but not directly contributing to the mission accomplishment of combat units on the base, Because of their h... |
Date Sept. 2, 1980 |
Report No. FGMSD-80-82 |
Title
1. .c COMPTROLLER GENERAL
WASHINGTON. OF
D.C. THE UNITED 20516 !STATEB RELEASED
B-199901
SEPTEMBER 2,198O c/;rhe Honorable Jack Brooks Committee on pp Chairman, Government Operations House of Representatives (3=:: 4"'+c$Q?;2;;.',1,. ;:;y;,*#.,, : /p '" ::* , * ;,,I',& 'Y+., ," i 91 -qQ$ Q@,IFh'1"q "/ e3"ep "% a#$#& @J Dear Mr. Chairman: *%J Need for Improved Management and Increased Subject: c Sha... |
Date Aug. 5, 1980 |
Report No. FPCD-80-4 |
Title
. 1 r BY It--iEL GENERA; ACCOUNTING OFFICE US. Report ToThe Director, Office Of Management And Budget
Streamlining The Federal Field Structure: Potential Opportunities, Barriers, And Actions That Can Be Taken
At a time when the Federal Government is looking for ways to cut Federal spending and achieve a balanced budget, every reasonable cost-cutting opportunity must be explored. The General Accoun... |
Date July 18, 1980 |
Report No. FPCD-80-50 |
Title
Report To The Congress
OF THEUNITEDSTATES Military Exchange Systems: How They Can Provide More Benefits For Military Personnel
Consolidating and centralizing the military services’ exchange systems could reduce costs and increase their economic benefits to service personnel. If the Department of Defense did not require exchange systems to help fund other morale, welfare, and recreation activitie... |
Date July 17, 1980 |
Report No. FGMSD-80-69 |
Title
UNITED STATES GENERAL ACCOUNTINGOFFICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20548 DIVISION GENERAL OF PlNANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND STUOIES B-199187 JULY 17.1980 Dr. Joan S. Wallace Assistant Secretary for Administration Department of Agriculture Dear Dr. Wallace: /'Improvements Are Needed in the Department "xgriculturels Centralized Payroll Syst ..* (FGMSD-80-69) of Subject: Weaknesses in the U.S. Department of Agricultu... |
Date May 14, 1980 |
Report No. LCD-80-53 |
Title
Report To The Congress
OF THEUNITEDSTATES Reduced Communications Costs Through Centralized Management Of Multiplex Systems *
Government communications circuits have proliferated because individual agencies obtain circuitry for their exclusive use. If circuit requirements are consolidated and available technology is exploited, significant savings are possible. The Department of Defense and several ... |
Date May 9, 1980 |
Report No. LCD-80-54 |
Title
..
GAO
United States General Accounting Office Washington, DC 20548 Logistics and Communications Division B-168700 MAY 9,198O The Honorable Joseph L. Fisher House of Representatives Dear Mr. Fisher: (I HI II lllllllllll
112266 Subject: of American Forces rConsolidation and Television Service--Washington Los Angeles Broadcasting Facilities (LCD-80-54) Radio and -J asked us to review the Your July 1... |
Date April 30, 1980 |
Report No. HRD-80-18 |
Title
-. : -1-J :, ,.&, jt!w@fmti BY THECOMPTROLLER G Report ToThe Congress
OF THEUNITEDSTATES An Analysis Of Concerns In Federal Education Programs: Duplication Of Services And Administrative Costs
Concerns have been expressed that the large number of Federal elementary and secondary education programs are duplicating services to students and increasing administrative costs. This report analyzes these ... |
Date Feb. 26, 1980 |
Report No. HRD-80-47 |
Title
Report To The Chairman (I Committee On Veterans’ Affairs 1 United States Senate
OF THE UNITED STATES I New Legislation And Stronger Program Management Needed To Improve Effectiveness Of VA’s Vocational Rehabilitation Program
l VA’s vocational rehabilitation program could be more effective in restoring employability lost due to service-connected disabilities. About half of the potentially eli... |
Date Jan. 30, 1980 |
Report No. LCD-80-34 |
Title
C%AO f
Urxted States General Accounting Office Washmgton, DC 20548 Logisticsand Communications Division B-197026 The Honorable George M. O'Brien House of Representatives Dear Mr. O'Brien: (?Review of
Security JANUARY 30,198o the Relocation of the Social Administration District Office (LCD-80-34) Illinois in Kankakee, 151 -,."-- ,-.-m"..I'mv q-~#.... -.., This report is in response to your Septembe... |
Date Jan. 21, 1980 |
Report No. HRD-80-19 |
Title
- "RELEASED ltraTRlCTro - NO* to be rekmed @~Wde the Qenepqr Aacountlng Ofm sx~sph’ 051Pk k 1 - Q.; .peciflc app,.o,,al PY$_?Eb~fflae of Congresolonal Rahtiong. UNrTm STATEs GENERAL ACCouNTlNG OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20548 UUMAN RUOURCU OIVI*IoN JANUARY 21,198O B-197407 The Honorable Tom Steed House of Representatives Dear Mr. Steed: Subjects c Hearing Loss Claims Processing Delays Under the Fed... |
Date Dec. 5, 1979 |
Report No. LCD-80-23 |
Title
., UNITED STATE GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE
WiSHINGTON, D.C. 20548 LOGISTICS A;?C:gM~UNICAflONS B-113014 The Honorable The Secretary Dear Mr. Harold Brown of Defense P < DECEMBER 5,195 Secretary: 1 Subject: ,&o?lowup On The Navy's Efforts To Improve Productivity at Navy Aircraft Overhaul Depotx(LCD-80-23) I In December 1975 we to improve productivity of In responding i the possibility of consolidati... |
Date Nov. 6, 1979 |
Report No. LCD-80-11 |
Title
BY 'THE COMPTROLLER GENERAL Report To The Congress
OF THE UNITED STATES Modernizing The Air Reserve
Forces -More Emphasis On Logistics Support Needed
The Air Force needs to examine more closely the logistics support impact of modernizing its Air Reserve Forces. Substantial savings and increased effectiveness can be achieved by using alternative basing and support structure and by making the Air Re... |
Date Oct. 16, 1979 |
Report No. LCD-80-10 |
Title
Report ToTte Congress
OF THEUNITEDSTATES The Federal ather Pro Must Have Stronger Central Direction
Weather programs opera;tsd by seven Federal agencies we expected to cost $850 million in fiscal yew 1979 end larger expenditures are planned fbr the future. The r’tment of Commerce should provide stronger @ntral management of the programs in order to eliminate duplication of services by the agbnci... |
Date Sept. 26, 1979 |
Report No. FPCD-79-94 |
Title
COMPTROLLER GENERAL
WASHINGTON OF
DC THE UNITE0 STATES 20548 B-157905
September 26, 1979 1 The Honorable United States Dear Senator Donald Senate Stewart: W. Stewart In accordance with your wrltten request, dated September 25, 1979, we are provldlng you the lnformatlon eveloped during our recent review of thelproposed tralnlng ce&sol.idatlon of undergraduate helicopter pllot & t Fort Rucker, Alaba... |
Date Aug. 23, 1979 |
Report No. LCD-79-329 |
Title
COMPTROLLER GENERAL
WASHINGTON OF THE
DC UNlTED STATES 200148 B-168700
AUGUST 23,1979 The Honorable Luclen N. Nedzl ChaIrman, Subcommittee on Mllltary Installations and Facilities Committee on Armed Services House of Representatives H..fxY&?&3 The Honorable Allen E. Ertel House of Representatives Sublect: ~I~IIIIH Ill
110250 bevIew of Planned Realinement of Fort town Gap, Pennsylvanlal(LCD-79-329)... |
Date Aug. 15, 1979 |
Report No. LCD-79-328 |
Title
B-168700 RELEASED Division AUGUST 15, 1979 The Honorable United States ,Dear Senator Subject: Gordon J. Humphrey Senate RLSTRICTED - #ot BQ be released outsiafo the General Accoounting Office QXW t QW Isask of specific aw-0 the Humphrey: m m Office of Coagressionial Re9atiions. &View of the Merger of Navy Sea Systems Command Automatic Data Support Centers (LCD-79-328) Navy's deci Development New H... |
Date May 21, 1979 |
Report No. 109286 |
Title
United States General Accounting D.C. 20548 Office Washington, FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY Expected at 1O:OO a.m. EST May 8, 1979 Statement of Gregory J. Ahart, Director Human Resources Division Before the Special Committe,e~.nn king _.--. on n Proposed GAO Report Entitled "Conditions of Older People: National Information System Needed" *,-.r)r'l i i.' hi -..l_“- tat.s..Ssnat.e ted S .-I ”___. .--... |
Date April 1, 1979 |
Report No. PSAD-79-58A |
Title
C o n t e n t s -------& Paqe
i FOREWORD ENDORSEMENT LETTER FROM THE AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION CHAPTER
1
2
INTRODUCTION ii 1 OPPORTUNITIES TO CONTROL COSTS THROUGH CENTRAL PURCHASING Planning and scheduling Competition Value analysis and standardization Group purchasing Accountability and control weaknesses Conclusions and suggestions OPPORTUNITIES TO CONTROL COSTS THROUGH CENTRALIZED INVENTO... |
Date Feb. 8, 1979 |
Report No. FPCD-79-27 |
Title
Opportunities To Streamline The Air Force Headquarters Structure In The Pacific
The Chairman, House Committee on Appropriations, asked GAO to make this review after the Secretary of Defense’s decision in 1974 to disestablish Headquarters, Pacific Air Forces, was not carried out. Some streamlining in Hawaii was made. However, GAO found that $16 million could be saved annually if the Pacific Air F... |
Date Dec. 29, 1978 |
Report No. FPCD-78-49 |
Title
Need For Overall Policy And Coordinated Management Of Federal Retirement Systems Volume I
Federal retirement systems have developed on an independent, piecemeal basis, resulting in a patchwork of systems providing different benefits to various groups of employees. The Government has neither an overall retirement policy nor an established standard or method to assess the adequacy of retirement bene... |
Date Dec. 22, 1978 |
Report No. GGD-79-20 |
Title
UNITED STATES GENERALACCOUNTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20348 B-114874 The Honorable William Postmaster General United States Postal Dear Mr. Bolger: F. Bolger Service . December 22, 1978 We recently completed a limited assessment of the Postal Service’s Area Mail Processing Program--a program designed primarily to reduce labor costs by consolidating While our work supported our mail processing ... |
Date Sept. 21, 1978 |
Report No. LCD-78-117 |
Title
DOCUMENT RESUME
07053 - [2647730] * Improvement Program: Will It Enhance Mission Capability? LCD-78-117; B-163074. September 21, 1978. 43 pp. + 2 appendices (4 pp.). Report to the Coriress; by BEler B. Staats, Ccmptroller General. Issue Area: Military Pre:,aredness Plans: Military Communications and Information Proceassing Needs (803); Effective Contro', of Strategic Communications and World wide ... |
Date Aug. 1, 1978 |
Report No. PSAD-78-95 |
Title
Checklist An i:;:S : ; : t
~ : Guidelie Evauiatitng Prou rem Systems' opportunities for i mprovem:ent in local government purchasing
United States General Accounting Office Part 2 PSAD-78-95 AUGUST, 1978 lG`7,$~~~ Contents Page
FOREWORD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GOVERNMENTAL PURCHASING ENDORSEMENT CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATING PROCUREMENT OF SUPPLIES, MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, AND SERVICES BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS... |
Date June 23, 1978 |
Report No. GGD-78-81 |
Title
DOCUENT RESUBE 06260 - [ B7868C7] I'4ser( (Transfer of Sail Processing Functicnsa frnm Ogden to Salt Lake City, Utah]. GGD-78-81; B-114874. June 23, 1978. eleased June 30, 1978. 8 pp. Report to Rep. Gunn Government Div. cKay; by Victor L. Love, irectcr, General Contact: General Government Div. Budget Function: Commerce and Transportaticn: 1402). Organization Concerned: Postal Service. Congressiona... |
Date June 22, 1978 |
Report No. HRD-78-130 |
Title
Wisconsin’s Aid To Families With Dependent Children And Child Support -Enforcement Programs Could Be Improved
E3etwzen 1966 and 1976, Wisconsin’s Aid to Families with Dependent Children caseload growth rate more than doubled that of the Nation as a whole. Legislative, social, and economic changes over these years caused the increase, both nationwide and in Wisconsin. Wisconsin has taken and is... |
Date June 16, 1978 |
Report No. CED-78-125 |
Title
DOCUIBNi
06437 - [B1726757 BBSUI! Need for Improving Managesent of U.S. Ocemosgraepic Assets. CED-7d-125; B-145C99. June 16, 1978. 22 Pp. + 2 appendices (3 PP.) . Leport to Rep. John Breaux, Chairmar, Bouse Committee on meicbant Marine and Fisheries: Oceancgraphy Subcoadittee; b7 Sobert F. Keller, Acting Comptroller General. Contact: Community and Bconomic Developseat Div. Budqet Function: Nationa... |
Date May 31, 1978 |
Report No. CED-78-122 |
Title
UNITEDSTATES GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20548 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMEM AND ECONOMIC DIVlSlON B-114860 May 31, 1978 The Honorable United States Dear Senator Thomas F. Eagleton Senate Eagleton: Your November 22, 1977, letter asked that we review certain aspects of the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD's) determination to convert from an' industry operation (Part A) of th... |
Date May 3, 1978 |
Report No. EMD-78-60 |
Title
DOCUMENT RESUbE
05660 - 81286233] (cR1Mte4 R ASE Department ot Enerqy's Consolidation of Information processing Activities Needs ore Attention. ED-78-60; B-1782C5. ay 3, 1978. 27 pp. + 4 appendices (8 pp.). Report to Rep. Jack Brooks, Chairman, House Committee on Government Operations; by Elmer B. Staats, CompFtroller General. Issue Area: Automatic Data Processing: Changeover tc Other ADP Systems ... |
Date March 28, 1978 |
Report No. PSAD-77-156 |
Title
DOCOURN!
05606 - (B09058471 RBSOUB Federal Suman Nutrition Research Needs a Coordinated approach To advance Nutrition Knowledge (2 Volumes). PSAD-77-156; B-164031(3). iarch 26, 1978. 212 pp. + 9 appendices (43 pp.). Report to the Conqress; by Elmer 8. Staats, Comptroller General. issue Area: Science and Technology: management and Oversight of Programs (2004); Food (1700). Contact: Procurement and ... |
Date March 21, 1978 |
Report No. LCD-77-109 |
Title
DOCUMNBWT RESUSE
05622 - (B08257531 Navigation Planning: Need for a New Direct.' 'n. LCD-77-109; B-180715. march 21, 1978. 41 pp. * 10 appeLiices (65 pp.). Report to the Congress; by Elmer B. Staats, Comptroller General. Contact: Logistics and Communications Div. Budget Function: General Science, Space, and Technology: Telecommunications and Radio Frequency Spectrum Use (258). Organization Concern... |
Date March 16, 1978 |
Report No. LCD-78-202 |
Title
1 REFQRT THEUS. 3V 4 fl z - -.-._ -. General Accounting Office
Improvements Needed in the Management of Supplying and -_Distributiiig WhiEle PtiFk
The Department of Defense, the General Services Administration, and the U.S. Postal Sewice each operate a centrali;ed distribution system to supply parts tar Federal vehicles. These agencies do not coordinate their programs. Therefore, duplicate managem... |