Summary: This testimony is based on a GAO report (GAO-02-156) that analyzed key characteristics of women and men in management positions, identified the representation of women in management positions in specific industries, and identified salary differences between men and women in full-time management jobs. Female managers in the 10 industries GAO examined were younger, less educated, were more likely to work part-time, and were less likely to be married than were male managers. In five of these industries, GAO found no statistically significant differences between the percent of industry positions filled by women and the percent of management positions filled by women. In four of the industries, women were less represented in management positions. In one of these industries, women were represented in management positions to a greater degree than they were in all positions in the industry. Full-time female managers earned less than full-time male managers in all 10 industries, after controlling for education, age, marital status, and race. GAO was unable to take years of experience into account.
