Summary: GAO concludes that the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) is not experiencing an overall budget shortfall at this time. The hiring policy that the agency followed in fiscal year 1998 in an attempt to meet congressional and administration expectations resulted in INS having to commit a greater share of its fiscal year 1999 budget to salaries and benefits than in earlier years. Overall, however, INS now has more discretionary funds than it had in fiscal year 1998. With respect to the examinations fee account, INS overestimated the number of applications it would receive and did not detect the consequent revenue shortfall for months because of computer programming errors. When it became apparent that the anticipated revenues would not be realized, INS decided to seek reprogramming of money from other accounts to cover the costs. The overhiring and reduced examinations fee revenue meant that most INS programs had less discretionary funding in fiscal year 1999 than in fiscal year 1998. Although INS has not experienced an overall budget shortfall, the combination of higher personnel costs, declining examination fee revenues, and the resultant need to reduce discretionary funding allocations to most programs has created fiscal stress for the agency.
