Summary: Although the Arctic Ocean is one of the least explored regions of the world, this area is believed to play a key role in global climate systems, world fishery production, and other phenomena. The U.S. Coast Guard operates four icebreakers in support of the nation's Arctic research program. Although research needs in the Arctic have evolved since 1990, the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the scientific community have not shown an increase in icebreaker requirements that would justify a proposed $120 million fifth icebreaker. The existing icebreaker fleet is underused, and no research cruises in the Arctic are planned for 1995 or 1996, primarily because of tight budgets. Many Arctic scientists argue that the proposed vessel is needed because the Coast Guard is unwilling and unable to provide efficient and reliable support to research activities in the Arctic. These criticisms are not convincing given recent improvements in the Coast Guard's commitment and ability to support research in the Arctic.
