Energy and Water Development: FY2025 Appropriations (CRS Report for Congress)
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| Release Date |
Revised Sept. 27, 2024 |
| Report Number |
R48097 |
| Report Type |
Report |
| Authors |
Mark Holt; Anna E. Normand |
| Source Agency |
Congressional Research Service |
| Older Revisions |
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Summary:
The Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies appropriations (E&W) bill funds civil
works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the Department of Defense;
the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and Central Utah Project
(CUP); the Department of Energy (DOE); the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC); the
Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC); and several other independent agencies. DOE
typically accounts for about 80% of the bill’s funding.
President Biden submitted his FY2025 budget request on March 11, 2024. The Administration
request includes $61.333 billion for energy and water development agencies, a decrease of $42 million (less than 1%) below
the FY2024 enacted amount, excluding emergency appropriations, offsets, and adjustments. The House Appropriations
Committee approved its FY2025 E&W bill July 9, 2024, recommending higher funding for water development and
reductions for energy efficiency and renewable energy programs (H.R. 8997; H.Rept. 118-580). Amendments were
considered on the House floor on July 23, 2024, after which further proceedings were postponed. The Senate Appropriations
Committee reported its version of the bill August 1, 2024 (S. 4927; S.Rept. 118-205). FY2024 energy and water development
appropriations were included in Division D of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, signed into law March 9, 2024
(P.L. 118-42).
Major Issues
Congressionally Directed Funding (Earmarks). For FY2025, the House Appropriations Committee included 97 earmarks
totaling $899 million within the major USACE and Reclamation accounts, while the Senate Appropriations Committee
included 170 earmark requests totaling $1.133 billion for major USACE, Reclamation, and DOE energy-related accounts.
Recent Supplemental Funding. From FY2018 through FY2025, Congress provided supplemental and emergency
appropriations for E&W agencies. These appropriations were noted in the Administration’s FY2025 budget justifications and
during the congressional debate on the FY2025 E&W appropriations bill as a reason for reducing the need for additional
annual appropriations for some accounts.
Energy Efficiency Standards. DOE energy efficiency standards have drawn congressional scrutiny in the 118th Congress.
The House Appropriations Committee’s FY2025 E&W bill would block funds for implementing DOE efficiency rules on
federal buildings, energy storage systems, distribution transformers, consumer cooking products, manufactured housing, and
room air conditioners.
