Biological Diversity Treaty: Fact Sheet (CRS Report for Congress)
| Release Date |
May 16, 1995 |
| Report Number |
95-596 |
| Report Type |
Report |
| Authors |
Susan R. Fletcher, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division |
| Source Agency |
Congressional Research Service |
Summary:
As human activity continues to change and modify natural areas, widespread extinctions of plants,
animals, and other types of species result. Many scientists believe that such extinctions are currently
occurring at the fastest rate in human history. Consequences for human welfare include loss of
species needed for revitalization of food crops, future medicines, new crops, and loss of ecosystems
that regulate rainfall cycles, control flooding, filter out water pollutants, and affect basic systems such
as climate.
In 1992, negotiations conducted under the auspices of the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) were completed on a comprehensive global treaty to protect biological diversity
(also frequently called biodiversity). The treaty was rushed to completion so that it could be brought
to the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro for signature. The treaty was regarded by some
environmentalists as too weak to be effective, as it contained few requirements for action, instead
promoting and encouraging member nations to carry out research, collect data, conduct inventories
of species, and formulate action plans and strategies for protection of biodiversity. However, others
opposed it because it was somewhat vague on actions required, and there were some who worried
that future resolution of these issues could require unwelcome actions. Specific concerns were raised
about protection of intellectual property rights and how the financial assistance mechanism to aid
developing countries would be developed.
