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Why Is the Federal Reserve Reducing Interest Rates? (CRS Report for Congress)

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Release Date Sept. 23, 2024
Report Number IN12427
Report Type Insight
Authors Marc Labonte
Source Agency Congressional Research Service
Summary:

On September 18, 2024, the Federal Reserve (Fed) reduced interest rates to a target range of 4.75%-5%. This was the first rate cut since March 2020, and the Fed expects to continue cutting rates this year and beyond. Why is the Fed cutting interest rates? And why did it decide to reduce rates by 0.5 percentage points (50 basis points), instead of the more standard 0.25 percentage points. The Fed has a “dual mandate” to promote price stability and maximum employment. The Fed targets the federal funds rate—a short-term interest rate in the interbank lending market—to balance those goals. It reduces rates when employment or inflation is too low and raises rates when either is too high. For an explanation of how changing interest rates affects the economy, see CRS In Focus IF11751, Introduction to U.S. Economy: Monetary Policy.