| Date |
Report No. |
Title |
| Date Sept. 7, 2011 |
Report No. GAO-11-777 |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
September 2011 Report to Congressional Requesters TELECOMMUNICATIONS Competition, Capacity, and Costs in the Fixed Satellite Services Industry GAO-11-777 September 2011 TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Accountability • Integrity • Reliability Competition, Capacity, and Costs in the Fixed Satellite Services Industry
Highlights of GAO-11-777, a report to cong... |
| Date Sept. 15, 2010 |
Report No. GAO-10-636 |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
September 2010 Report to the Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM Challenges in Sustaining and Upgrading Capabilities Persist GAO-10-636 September 2010 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
Accountability • Integrity • Reliability Challenges ... |
| Date April 30, 2009 |
Report No. GAO-09-325 |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
April 2009 Report to the Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM Significant Challenges in Sustaining and Upgrading Widely Used Capabilities GAO-09-325 April 2009 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM Highlights
Highlights of GAO-09-325, a report to... |
| Date June 1, 2006 |
Report No. GAO-06-776R |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548 June 1, 2006 The Honorable Jeff Sessions Chairman The Honorable Bill Nelson Ranking Minority Member Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Committee on Armed Services United States Senate Subject: Defense Acquisitions: Space System Acquisition Risks and Keys to Addressing Them On April 6, 2006, we testified before the subcommittee on th... |
| Date May 24, 2006 |
Report No. GAO-06-537 |
Title
United States Government Accountability Office GAO
May 2006 Report to Congressional Committees SPACE ACQUISITIONS DOD Needs Additional Knowledge as it Embarks on a New Approach for Transformational Satellite Communications System GAO-06-537 May 2006 SPACE ACQUISITIONS Highlights
Highlights of GAO-06-537, a report to congressional committees Accountability Integrity Reliability DOD Needs Additional... |
| Date Dec. 4, 2003 |
Report No. GAO-04-71R |
Title
United States General Accounting Office Washington, DC 20548 December 4, 2003 The Honorable Donald H. Rumsfeld The Secretary of Defense Subject: Space Acquisitions: Committing Prematurely to the Transformational Satellite Program Elevates Risks for Poor Cost, Schedule, and Performance Outcomes Dear Mr. Secretary, In a multibillion-dollar effort, the Department of Defense (DOD) plans to build a spa... |
| Date Sept. 15, 2003 |
Report No. GAO-03-1073 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
September 2003 Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives DEFENSE ACQUISITIONS Improvements Needed in Space Systems Acquisition Management Policy GAO-03-1073 September 2003 DEFENSE ACQUISITIONS Improvements Needed in Space Systems Acquisition Management Policy Highlights of GAO-03-1073, a report... |
| Date May 23, 2003 |
Report No. GAO-03-597 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
May 2003 Report to the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate MISSILE DEFENSE Alternate Approaches to Space Tracking and Surveillance System Need to Be Considered GAO-03-597 May 2003 MISSILE DEFENSE Alternate Approaches to Space Tracking and Surveillance System Need to Be Considered Highlights of GAO-03-597, a report t... |
| Date Aug. 30, 2002 |
Report No. GAO-02-781 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
August 2002 Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Commercial Satellite Security Should Be More Fully Addressed GAO-02-781 a United States General Accounting Office August 2002 G A O
Accountability Integrity Reliability Highlights
W... |
| Date Feb. 28, 2001 |
Report No. GAO-01-6 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
February 2001 Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives DEFENSE ACQUISITIONS Space-Based Infrared System-low at Risk of Missing Initial Deployment Date GAO-01-6 Contents Letter Appendixes
Appendix I: Space-Based Infrared System-low Program History 3 24 29 30 33 8 13 Appendix II: Technology Read... |
| Date Dec. 5, 2000 |
Report No. GAO-01-228R |
Title
United States General Accounting Office Washington, DC 20548 December 5, 2000 The Honorable Bob Smith United States Senate Subject: Defense Acquisitions: Status of the KE-ASAT Program Dear Senator Smith: In April of this year, you asked us to conduct a review of the kinetic energy anti-satellite (KE-ASAT) program. This program began in 1989 as an effort to leverage off technologies previously deve... |
| Date May 18, 2000 |
Report No. NSIAD-00-81 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
May 2000 Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, Committee on Armed Services, and to the Honorable Robert C. Smith, U. S. Senate DEFENSE ACQUISITIONS Improvements Needed in Military Space Systems’ Planning and Education GAO/NSIAD-00-81 Contents Letter Executive Summary Chapter 1 Introduction
Policies Contain Broad Guidelines for Expan... |
| Date Nov. 15, 1999 |
Report No. AIMD-00-30 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
November 1999 Report to the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives DEFENSE COMPUTERS U.S. Space Command’s Management of Its Year 2000 Operational Testing GAO/AIMD-00-30 Contents Letter Appendixes
Appendix I: Briefing on Results of GAO Review of SPACECOM Space Control Y2K OPEVAL Appendix II: Object... |
| Date May 17, 1999 |
Report No. NSIAD-99-81 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
May 1999 Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives SATELLITE CONTROL SYSTEMS Opportunity for DOD to Implement Space Policy and Integrate Capabilities GAO/NSIAD-99-81 United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 Lt er e National Security and International Affairs Division B-280... |
| Date Nov. 10, 1998 |
Report No. NSIAD-99-2 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
November 1998 Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on National Security, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives MILITARY SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Concerns With Milstar’s Support to Strategic and Tactical Forces GAO/NSIAD-99-2 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Di... |
| Date June 11, 1998 |
Report No. NSIAD-98-151 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
June 1998 Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on National Security, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives EVOLVED EXPENDABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE DOD Guidance Needed to Protect Government’s Interest GAO/NSIAD-98-151 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-27797... |
| Date April 30, 1998 |
Report No. RCED-98-79 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
April 1998 Report to Congressional Requesters NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM Status of Wide Area Augmentation System Project GAO/RCED-98-79 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division B-279202 April 30, 1998 The Honorable Richard C. Shelby Chairman The Honorable Frank Lautenberg Ran... |
| Date July 16, 1997 |
Report No. NSIAD-97-159 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
July 1997 Report to the Secretary of Defense DEFENSE SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Alternative to DOD’s Satellite Replacement Plan Would Be Less Costly GAO/NSIAD-97-159 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-272656 July 16, 1997 The Honorable William S. Cohen The Secretary of... |
| Date June 24, 1997 |
Report No. NSIAD-97-130 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
June 1997 Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on National Security, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives ACCESS TO SPACE Issues Associated With DOD’s Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle Program GAO/NSIAD-97-130 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-27265... |
| Date Feb. 25, 1997 |
Report No. NSIAD-97-16 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
February 1997 Report to Congressional Committees NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE Risk and Funding Implications for the Space-Based Infrared Low Component GAO/NSIAD-97-16 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-272654 February 25, 1997 Congressional Committees In 1995, the Departme... |
| Date May 2, 1996 |
Report No. NSIAD-96-77 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
May 1996 Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on National Security, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives SATELLITE CONTROL CAPABILITIES National Policy Could Help Consolidation and Cost Savings G A O years
1921 - 1996 GAO/NSIAD-96-77 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Af... |
| Date Feb. 6, 1995 |
Report No. NSIAD-95-87R |
Title
GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-260283 February 6, 1995 The Honorable C.W. Bill Young Chairman The Honorable John P. Murtha Ranking Minority Member Subcommittee on National Security Committee on Appropriations House of Representatives This letter responds to the House Appropriations Committee’ request’ fo... |
| Date Nov. 30, 1994 |
Report No. NSIAD-95-69R |
Title
GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20648 National Security and International Affairs Division B-257974 November 30, 1994 The Honorable John P. Murtha Chairman The Honorable Joseph M. McDade Ranking Minority Member Subcommittee on Defense Committee on Appropriations House of Representatives The Honorable Daniel K. Inouye Chairman The Honorable Ted Stevens Ranking Minority ... |
| Date Aug. 16, 1994 |
Report No. NSIAD-94-253 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
August 1994 ReDort to the Chairman, Subcommittee on&Defense, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives NATIONAL SPACE ISSUES
Observations on Defense Space Programs and Activities GAoMslAD-94-853 1 i Notice:. This is a reprint of a GAO report. GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and Internationa... |
| Date April 14, 1994 |
Report No. T-NSIAD-94-164 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
Far Releaseon Delivery Expected at 1O:OO EST a.m. Thursday, April 14, 1994 Testimony
Before the Subcommitteeon Acquisition, Committee on Armed Services,House of Representatives MILITARY SPACE PROGRAMS ComprehensiveAnalysis Neededand Cost Savings Available
Statementof Louis J. Rodrigues, Director, SystemsDevelopment and Production Issues, National Securit... |
| Date Feb. 24, 1994 |
Report No. NSIAD-94-48 |
Title
:.,:, .! ” I:.. t : : : i’l.,. .‘ , ‘.. :.’ .’ r .. United States
General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-25439 1 February 24,1994 The Honorable John P. Muttha Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense Committee on Appropriations House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: In May 1992, at your request, we provided your Subcommitt... |
| Date Feb. 2, 1994 |
Report No. T-NSIAD-94-108 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
For Releaseon Delivery Expectedat 1O:OO EST, a.m. Wednesday,February2,1994 Testimony
Before the Legislation and National Security Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives MILITARY SPACE PROGRAMS Opportunities to Reduce Missile Warning and Communication Satellites’ costs
Statement of Louis J. Rodrigues, Director, System... |
| Date July 9, 1993 |
Report No. NSIAD-93-216 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
July 1993 Report to the Chairman, Legislation and National Security Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives MILITARY SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Opportunity to Save Billions of Dollars United States General Accounting Of&e Washington, D.C. 20848 National Security and International Affairs Division B-253632 July 9,1993 The ... |
| Date Sept. 29, 1992 |
Report No. NSIAD-92-289BR |
Title
United States Gmeral Accounting Office GAO
SepCeItzber 1992 Briefing Report to Congressional Requesters --A--- 1993 DOD BUDGET Potential Reductions in Command, Control, and Communications Satellite Programs
147744 . GAO/NSlAD-92-289BR GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20648 National Security and International Affairs Division B-249983 September 29, 1992 The Honorable Dan... |
| Date June 26, 1992 |
Report No. NSIAD-92-121 |
Title
IJniWd St;des Gcmeral Accounting Office ----- 1 J illne g 1!)92 MILITARY SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Milstar Program Issues and Cost-Saving Opportunities , iziNsI.AD-92-12 1 , GA!0 United States
General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-21 7967.5 June 26, 1992 The Honorable Richard B. Cheney The Secretary of Defense Dear Mr. Secretary: Thi... |
| Date May 22, 1992 |
Report No. T-NSIAD-92-39 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
May 22,1992 Testimony
Before the Subcommitteeon Defense,Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives MILITARY SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Potential for GreaterUse of Commercial Satellite Capabilities
Statementfor the Record of Louis J. RoQrigues,Director, Command,Control, Communications,and Intelligence Issues, National Security and International A... |
| Date Dec. 27, 1991 |
Report No. IMTEC-92-3 |
Title
.
..;,: .i .. ..; .j j ‘” _:._ .;_ ..:: ;,. ;” ,, . . ., ., ‘-I :’ / ‘j’ .. : i ,, ‘. ’ r .j ..a :._ ,) ,’ MY’,’ ..: ;;i i ,. :y: ‘,:;: , I .’ .,, ,.: ;;.,“.’ ,‘.,_’ 1. :’
.: i , G-(-J ~~~;~~~F ,
Information Management and Technology Division B-243181 December 27,1991 The Honorable J. James Exon Chairman, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces and Nuclear Deterrence... |
| Date Nov. 7, 1991 |
Report No. NSIAD-92-39 |
Title
_^ __...___ - _ _ -._. GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20648 National Security and International Affairs Division B-245604 November 7,199l The Honorable John P. Murtha Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense Committee on Appropriations Houseof Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: As you requested, we examined the Department of Defense’s(DOD) plans to develop a follow-on sys... |
| Date Sept. 23, 1991 |
Report No. NSIAD-91-294BR |
Title
_ .._._ _. .-....-_ . __._ ._ -_.. -. -.. ..-._.. _^ 1 _ _.I11ii ..-.-... Stat t’ (;t~rrt~ral Accounting ..” cdll_“-_..--- s Office - GAO
_,--__. -_-~.....X-.._l_-~- Svl)t thtutwr 199 1 1992 AIR FORCE BUDGET Potential Reductions in Satellite Programs 145312 I National Security and International Affairs Division B-245140 September 23,199l The Honorable Daniel K, Inouye Chairman, Subcommittee ... |
| Date March 27, 1991 |
Report No. NSIAD-91-154 |
Title
STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE Need to Extine Concurrency in Development of Brilliant Pebbles
-.. -_ Hill lllllll
143690 I, ‘ _ .. ” .1..“. .-. - .-.-. .-. -. -... ..--.. ..._-. . . ----.__. -.._ ____ - -_-_____ l__.l”,..“_l~-“.~lll-------.--I__._. GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20648 National Security and International Affairs Division B-223094 Mach 27,1991... |
| Date March 20, 1991 |
Report No. NSIAD-91-74 |
Title
. ..-..-..-.._. __._-. ..I .._....^ I ._ ._ . .._... ” _ ._.._ ._____._-.. I______~ Ma u-11 100 1 ., GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM Production Should Be Limited Until Receiver Reliability Problems Are Resolved ill llllll III II
143428 _i_.. ...“.I_li-_._....... (;A() ‘ I\;SIAI)-!)I-7.L ~.. _-.--l_._-l - _.--. -. -.......- _.-.-- GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 N... |
| Date Nov. 21, 1990 |
Report No. NSIAD-91-40BR |
Title
GAO
.____-.r_-_XI_ - I3rief‘ing Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Investigations, @ommitt,eeon Armed Services, House of Representatives I( 1 I I, I Now1111wr 1!)!N DEFENSE REORGANIZATION DOD’s Efforts to Streamline the Space Command 142843 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20648 National Security and International Affairs Division B-240714 November21,199O The H... |
| Date July 6, 1990 |
Report No. IMTEC-90-61 |
Title
_ ..“- ,.... -.. Unit& Stqtes General Accounting Office GAO Report to the Chairman, Legislation ‘axd Fktimal Security Subcommittee, Cgmx&tee on Govement Operations, House af Representatives Stable Design and Adequate Testing Must Precede Decision to Deploy GAO/IMTEC-SO-61 I . ‘:: . .I ‘:: . . .. .. :. . ,. . . . .‘:‘. .’ .‘i . i. ‘. ; ’ . . I .: : . . : : ; ‘. .. ‘1, ., .. ... |
| Date June 29, 1990 |
Report No. NSIAD-90-154FS |
Title
_ --_-^_ l-_l”.“. _ _., _“l”_ “, .-II. “.“” -. l.l”-.- _I_- I.r-- ..- --.-- --_.s_-I_.-_--- ----- .lrlllc~ l!M MILITARY SPACE PROGRAMS An Unclassified Overview of Defense Satellite Programs and Launch Activities Not to be released outside the RESTRICTED-General Accounting Office unless specifically approved by the Office of Congressional Relations.
.I__ (;AO/NSIAI)-DO-lT,illl’S... |
| Date Jan. 29, 1990 |
Report No. NSIAD-90-79FS |
Title
c A L ‘# ,. ,,_I _ ““., ,.,,, 1.1. . ,,, . ,I., . A0 United States General Accounting OffIce Wwhington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-223094 January 29, 1990 The Honorable John Conyers, Jr. Chairman, Legislation and National Security Subcommittee Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: that we review the On August 10,... |
| Date Aug. 8, 1989 |
Report No. IMTEC-89-56 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
August 1989 Report to the Honorable John P. Murtha, Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives MILITARY SPACE OPERATIONS Operational Problems Continue With the Satellite Control Computer System : ’ z GAO,‘IMTEG89-66 c ‘1 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 IRformation Tech... |
| Date July 17, 1989 |
Report No. NSIAD-89-158 |
Title
United States Ge&rai kcc&nting Office GAO
. Report to the Honorable Larry J. Hopkins, U.S. House of Representatives July 1989 DODACQUISITION Infomation on Joint Major Programs GAO/N-158 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-234407 July 17, 1989 The Honorable Larry J. Hopkins House of Representatives Dear Mr. Hopkin... |
| Date July 3, 1989 |
Report No. IMTEC-89-53 |
Title
,(. ,. . ,L. .“” ,Y .,, . -- II, ./, . -. .I i /, . % United States Gdneral Accounting Off& &.A0
July 1989 Report to the Honorable John P. Murtha, Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives MILITARY SPACE ’ OPERATIONS Use of Mobile Ground Stations in Satellite Control GAO/IMTEC439-63 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20... |
| Date April 20, 1989 |
Report No. IMTEC-89-18 |
Title
Information Technology Management Division and B-203028 April 20, 1989 The Honorable John P. Murtha Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense Committee on Appropriations House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: In response to your predecessor’s request and subsequent discussions with your office, we assessed how well the Air Force has managed the Space Defense Operations Center modernization effort.... |
| Date Nov. 30, 1988 |
Report No. NSIAD-89-32FS |
Title
L~-mduLL~,mll~m&s -GAO
November 1988 Fact Sheet for the Chairman, Subcommittee on National Security Economics, Joint Economic Committee U.S. Senate ? A Analysis of Major Weapon Systems Cost and Quantity Changes 137535 ----~.-I GAO,‘NSIAD-89-32FS i About Our New Cover. .. The new color GAO’s efforts of our report covers represents the latest step in to improve the presentation of our reports. G... |
| Date Aug. 5, 1988 |
Report No. IMTEC-88-7 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office GAO
August 1988 Report to the Chairman, Subcommitteeon Defense,Committee on Appropriations, Houseof Representatives MILITARY SPACE OPERATIONS Shuttle and Satellite Computer Systems Do Not Meet Performance Objectives Information Technology Management Division and B-205335 August 5, 1988 The Honorable Bill Chappell, Jr. Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense Commit... |
| Date Nov. 10, 1987 |
Report No. NSIAD-88-61 |
Title
United &a$anr General Accounting Office i - Repurt to CptigmMmal Request&s 1
Noqember 1987 STRATEGIC DEF#NSE INITIATIVE PRO~RAIW Status of Space 1 Survdlame and ; Tracking System i w RJBTRICTED-N t t b 0 0 0 re I easedoutside the Genera] Accounting Office exceptan the basis of the specificapprovd by the @lb of Ckmgrtwional Relations. 1 . . . Y GAO Unit,ed States General Accounting Office Washingto... |
| Date Sept. 30, 1987 |
Report No. NSIAD-87-209BR |
Title
_.,-,. -..,----,- ~.-_. ---,_---- -_ --.. . . .-. -.- - .- . ..-_ ,__..__ II ____.,, _, ‘ if.. .’ A .,‘ . . september1987 t GAO l’ nited States General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-228776 September 30, 1987 The Honorable Bill Chappell, Jr. Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense Committee on Appropriations House of Representative... |
| Date April 23, 1987 |
Report No. NSIAD-87-107 |
Title
United States General Accounting Office Report to Congressional Committees and Subcommittees April 1987 WEATHER SATELLITES Economies Available by Converging Government Meteorological Satellites GAO/lNSIAD-87-107 GAO ._-United States General Accounting Office Washington, DC. 20548 ~__National Security and International Affairs Division Apnl 23, 1987 To the Chairmen of Selected Commlttces and Subcom... |
| Date Aug. 14, 1986 |
Report No. 130694 |
Title
FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY EXPECTED AT 1O:OO A.M. THURSDAY AUGUST 14, 1986 UNITED STATES GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON D.C. STATEMENT OF RICHARD A. DAVIS NATIONAL AFFAIRS SECURITY DIVISION ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, AND INTERNATIONAL BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION AND NATIONAL SECURITY COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ON THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE'S EFFORTS TO ACHIEV... |
