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Pakistan-U.S. Relations (CRS Report for Congress)

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Release Date Revised July 1, 2009
Report Number RL33498
Report Type Report
Authors K. Alan Kronstadt, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Source Agency Congressional Research Service
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Summary:

A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan is considered vital to U.S. interests. U.S. concerns regarding Pakistan include regional and global terrorism; Afghan stability; democratization and human rights protection; the ongoing Kashmir problem and Pakistan-India tensions; and economic development. A U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by periods of both cooperation and discord was transformed by the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the ensuing enlistment of Pakistan as a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. Top U.S. officials have praised Pakistan for its ongoing cooperation, although long-held doubts exist about Islamabad's commitment to some core U.S. interests. Pakistan is identified as a base for terrorist groups and their supporters operating in Kashmir, India, and Afghanistan. Pakistan's army has conducted unprecedented and largely ineffectual counterterrorism operations in the country's western tribal areas, where Al Qaeda operatives and pro-Taliban militants are said to enjoy 'safe haven.' U.S. officials increasingly are concerned that the cross-border infiltration of Islamist militants from Pakistan into Afghanistan is a key obstacle to defeating the Taliban insurgency. [...]However, February 2008 parliamentary elections were relatively credible and seated a coalition led by Bhutto's widower, Asif Zardari, and opposed to Musharraf's continued rule. The coalition's August vow to launch impeachment proceedings spurred Musharraf to resign the presidency and exit Pakistan's political stage. Zardari subsequently was elected as the new President. The Bush Administration has determined that a democratically elected government is restored in Islamabad, thus permanently removing couprelated aid sanctions. Pakistan is among the world's leading recipients of U.S. aid, obtaining more than $5.3 billion in overt assistance since 2001, including about $3.1 billion in development and humanitarian aid. Pakistan also has received about $6.7 billion in military reimbursements for its support of U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. This report is updated regularly.