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Iraq: Reconstruction Assistance (CRS Report for Congress)

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Release Date Revised Aug. 7, 2009
Report Number RL31833
Report Type Report
Authors Curt Tarnoff, Specialist in Foreign Affairs
Source Agency Congressional Research Service
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Summary:

On June 28, 2004, the entity implementing assistance programs, the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), dissolved, and sovereignty was returned to Iraq. U.N. Security Council Resolution 1546 of June 8, 2004, returned control of assets held in the Development Fund for Iraq to the government of Iraq. U.S. economic assistance now provided through the U.S. embassy while security aid is chiefly managed by the Pentagon.A significant number of reconstruction activities on the ground are completed or ongoing, but security concerns have slowed progress and added considerable expense to these efforts. Reconstruction programs have included the training and equipping of Iraqi security forces; construction of road, sanitation, electric power, oil production, and other infrastructure; and a range of programs to offer expert advice to the Iraqi government, establish business centers, provide school books and vaccinations, finance village development projects, and promote civil society, etc. Reconstruction priorities have changed over time. Allocations within the Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF), the main U.S. assistance account in the first few years, mirrored shifting events on the ground. However, funds shifted to security and democratization in the period from 2004 to 2006 meant fewer funds available for electric power and water projects. At this time, most large-scale infrastructure programs are no longer funded; however, many small-scale, targeted community level infrastructure efforts are funded under the Commander’s Emergency Response Program (CERP). The key emphases of the aid program are the training of Iraqi forces and programs assisting the development of Iraqi governing capacities and supporting the work of the Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs).